DART: Cool fundamentals you only need to know!

We have Dart links and reference to takeaway in the blog. Do take advantage of it! Thanks me later!!

Dart countdown starts!

1. Dart uses type inferences for types other than int

Let's let an example

var pi = 3.14;        

Here, Dart infers the variable pi as "Double" You can always check for it in DartPad, an inbuilt Dart compiler and editor

Alternatively, you can infer the types, Like int, float, double, bool.

2. The Beauty of "DYNAMIC" keyword

You might have a question why "var" is a leader due to type inferencing nature, why this new keyword was brought up!

Well, using "dynamic" keyword, you can change anything in future, var has some limitations here- It would throw out when we change the values specified inside "var".

Take an example!

To declare and initialize a value "dynamic", use the keyword dynamic to make things work for you.

dynamic name= "Lokesh";
print (name);        

I initialized my name in dynamic keyword, but the requirement were changed, and was told to change from "Lokesh" to 18 without affecting the code base.

I can strategically change the value inside the "name" and replace it with number.

name= 18;
print(name);        

The code executes without any issues, and you can change the value inside the initialized "dynamic" to any format you want!

No, the "var" can't do that! Whatever the value initialized inside "var", is static.

Some blah... blah... stuffs that has self explanatory. Refer the super cool blog linked below for var, bool, int, conditionals....!

Link: Dart basics you only need!

/* Adding reference credits

Credits: Ray wenderlich.

*/

// You might be wondering why this Linkedin blog when I can take it from Link //provided. You can think of "Coffee decoction" here, we do filter out coffee and take // a sip from it and add the taste here (in blog, yes!) , without worrying about overloaded things!

3. ESCAPE Strings!

Here, is some situations where #beginners stuck and needs to be reomve from stuck world.

You encountered the situation like this?

var name = 'I don't know what's the hell is happening here!'

print(name);        

You won't be able to print the output because of this ( ' )

Escape Strings (' \ ') comes to rescue here! REMEMBER it's ' \ ' line, not '/' !!

var name = 'I don\'t know what\'s the hell is happening here!'

print(name);        

Output: I don't know what's the hell is happening here!

BUT, what if I want to read out the whole statement including ' \ '?

Use "Raw Strings" denoted by 'r'

var name = r'I don\'t know what\'s the hell is happening here!'

print(name);        

Output: I don\'t know what\'s the hell is happening here!

4. Immutability

There was 2 invigilator who took charge the exam. One "Invigilator" was named "Final" and another "Constant'

The "Final" invigilator picked up the paper without mercy and the candidate were begging for small time to change the value in the paper. But the "Final" proceeded to main hall for paper submission and signed off!

The "Constant" invigilator while going to submit the paper found some minor discrepancy, and he kept the papers at the table and went off! The candidate managed to cheat, and the "constant" guy submitted the paper to Main Hall, after corrections!

Here, "constant" is a compile time constants and it's modifies values, and "final" variable may rely on runtime execution of code to determine its state, but it must occur during initialization.?

There is super cool blog by Flutter academy themselves prepared, why not take a close look at it? Immutability explained by Flutter Academy

5. Nullability

The Dart in general, is non-nullable by default. That is, the variable cannot be assigned "null" until you allow the variables to define.

To assign the null, Add '?' before variables.

String? middleName;
print(middleName);        

Output: null

6. Null Aware

The notation for null-aware operator is ??

It will be return the value on the right side if it's null else it will return the value on the left.

var name = studentid ?? 'none';

print(name);         

Output: none

7. ?. Magic!

To avoid accessing the properties of null object, ?. comes into picture.

print(name?.length); //null        

In the golden days, I mean, before null safety implementation, the Dart when executed "name.length", the application goes to loop state and crashes! This is not a problem anymore, since the Dart informs you to implement it.

Come on TIME FOR ADS DISPLAY!

// More reference on Operators by Geeks for Geeks: Operators in Dart. Thank you!

For Collections, Maps, Functions, refer Wanderlich blog: Dart basics you only need!

8. Refactor your code

Come on, remove those multiple curly brackets, and make good code snippets and accurate!

Some people have the habit of implement like this

final onPressed = (){

   print("Some Shit was pressed");
}         

Why not IMPLEMENT in this way?

final onPressed = () => print("Actually, Enter was pressed!");        

I assure you, that using "=>" instead of old "{ }" will improve your productivity more and leaks your memory hacks!

And, Finally, going to add the official Dart documentation link!

Link: Dart documentation guide

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