Custom Peptide Synthesis: A Crucial part in Life Science
Intavis Peptide Services
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Peptides are short chains of amino acids that play vital roles in numerous biological processes, such as cell signalling, immune responses, and enzyme functions. Custom peptide synthesis, the process of creating peptides with specific amino acid sequences tailored to the needs of researchers, is an essential tool in life sciences. This article explores the technology behind custom peptide synthesis, its advancements, and the techniques that enhance peptide functionality.
What is Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis (SPPS) and why is it Important?
One of the primary technologies employed in custom peptide synthesis is Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis (SPPS). In this method, peptides are constructed step-by-step on a solid support or resin. Common resins used include polystyrene and polyethylene glycol, which provide a stable matrix for attaching the growing peptide chain and facilitate efficient and selective peptide assembly. SPPS has revolutionized chemical peptide synthesis through the assembly of protected amino acids on a solid support. This strategy provides a high degree of control in the synthesis and allows for the assembly of even lengthy peptides of more than 50 amino acids.
What are complex peptides?
Complex Peptides refer to a class of peptides characterized by their extended length and a higher degree of chemical modifications compared to simple peptides. These modifications can be intrinsic, such as the formation of disulfide bridges, or induced through synthetic processes, including the conjugation to various biomolecules like lipids, carbohydrates, or proteins. Such modifications endow complex peptides with enhanced specificity and functionality, thereby increasing their potential efficacy and utility as therapeutic agents in clinical applications.
At Intavis Peptide Services , we have more than 30 years of experience in synthesizing complex custom peptides. Visit our website to learn more about our custom peptide services.
Advancements in Automation
The introduction of automation has significantly impacted custom peptide synthesis, making it faster, more efficient, and more accessible. Automated peptide synthesizers utilize robotic arms to accurately dispense reagents, control reaction times, and monitor coupling and deprotection reactions. The automation of SPPS has also strongly impacted the discovery process of new drugs, which often requires the screening of drug assets against high numbers of peptides in high throughput. In automated systems, peptide synthesis can be carried out in parallel, allowing for the generation of hundreds of peptides in one machine at once in a short time frame. Alternatively, automated synthesizers of peptides are also able to generate a lower number of peptides on higher scales.
Purification Techniques
During peptide assembly in SPPS and acid-induced detachment of the peptides from the SPPS resin, impurities are generated, which may alter and falsify further tests with these peptides if used as crude material. Therefore, their purification is essential and an integral part of the peptide manufacturing process. Purification techniques include high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), solid-phase extraction (SPE), and crystallization. These methods ensure that the synthesized peptides meet the desired purity and characteristics necessary for their intended applications.
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Enhancing Peptide Functionality through Modification
SPPS technologies have advanced to enable the synthesis of complex, chemically modified peptides with improved pharmacological properties, making them promising candidates for drug development.
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Incorporation of Unnatural Amino Acids: The expansion of the repertoire of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids with unnatural ones is an infinite source of peptide alteration. By using unnatural amino acids, one may be able to positively influence the binding strength to a particular target or the biological activity. The stability of peptides can also be strongly improved through the use of non-proteinogenic amino acids. In nature, amino acids that are assembled into peptides and proteins are made of L-amino acids, whereas the letter L indicates the spatial arrangement of the atoms in an amino acid. If this spatial arrangement is changed, D-amino acids are created, which can be used in chemical SPPS. The advantage: D-amino acids are not recognized by enzymes in living organisms and are thus able to circulate for much longer times in the organism as their natural L-counterparts.
Conjugation with Molecules: Peptides can be conjugated with various molecules, such as lipids, carbohydrates, or polyethylene glycol (PEG), to benefit their pharmacological properties, such as their solubility, pharmacokinetics, membrane permeability, or targeting abilities. For instance, the conjugation of peptides with fatty acids can improve their oral bioavailability and extend their half-life, enhancing therapeutic efficacy.
Isotopic Labelling: Incorporating isotopically labelled amino acids, such as 13C ?or 15N, into peptides allows for their tracking and quantification in biological systems or their spatial characterization in NMR. This technique is widely used in proteomics and peptide metabolism studies, providing insights into peptide distribution, turnover rates, and interactions within biological contexts.
Applications of Customized Peptides
Peptides in all their different facets have a wide range of applications across various fields. In the pharmaceutical industry, they are utilized for drug discovery and development, as vaccines, studying protein-drug interactions, and designing targeted therapeutics. In diagnostics, they are essential components in assays for detecting specific diseases and biomarkers. The agricultural sector uses peptides for developing biopesticides and plant growth regulators. Additionally, in cosmetics, peptides are employed for skin repair, anti-aging, and wound healing formulations.
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Conclusion
Custom peptide synthesis, driven by advancements in technology and automation, has revolutionized life sciences. The employment of SPPS, along with sophisticated modification and purification techniques, enables the efficient synthesis of high-quality peptides with diverse functionalities. As technology continues to advance, custom peptide synthesis will remain a vital part of drug discovery, targeted drug delivery, and investigating biological processes, contributing to significant advancements in medicine, biotechnology, and chemical biology.
If you are looking for customized peptides tailored to your specific research needs, we are here to help. Our team provides excellent communication throughout every step of the process, ensuring you receive the highest quality peptides. Visit our website to learn more and start your custom peptide synthesis project today!
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