The Crisis in American Higher Education: Implications for Crime, the Economy, and the Future of Democracy

The American higher education system faces significant access, affordability, and equity challenges. According to the National Conference of State Legislatures, access to higher education is declining, with only 18 out of every 100 ninth graders eventually completing college within six years (National Conference of State Legislatures, 2024). Socioeconomic disparities compound these challenges: students from low-income backgrounds have an 8% likelihood of earning a college degree, while wealthier students face a 70% success rate (US Department of Education, 2024). Over the past five years, college tuition rates have surged by 35%, more than double the inflation rate (College Board, 2024). Meanwhile, once sufficient to cover the cost of a public college education, Pell Grants now cover less than one-third (about 25%) of average college expenses. ?

Inadequate state funding, growing student debt, and disparities in academic preparedness across K-12 schools exacerbate these challenges. Addressing these systemic issues requires a multifaceted approach. Policymakers should consider expanding financial aid and grant programs to reduce student debt, increasing state funding for public colleges to stabilize tuition rates, and implementing early intervention programs to improve college readiness. Emphasizing partnerships between K -12 schools and higher education institutions can also help create smoother transitions and more equitable pathways to college.

The current crisis in American higher education impacts not only individuals but also the broader economy, social stability, and democratic governance. Limited access to education and rising costs create barriers for low-income students, exacerbating socioeconomic disparities. These educational inequities can lead to increased crime rates, as individuals without degrees often face limited job opportunities, leading some to seek alternative means of income. Research shows that higher levels of education are associated with lower crime rates, as employment stability often reduces the likelihood of criminal involvement (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2024). Without access to quality education, disenfranchised communities may be at higher risk for cyclical poverty and related social issues, which, in turn, can strain public resources and increase crime.

Economically, restricted access to higher education weakens the US workforce, as fewer individuals acquire the skills necessary for high-paying, knowledge-based jobs. This skills gap may result in lower economic growth, reduced global competitiveness, and a reliance on importing skilled labor from other countries (which creates resentment among native-born citizens). Furthermore, a less educated workforce limits innovation, hampers productivity, and strains social safety nets, as lower earnings reduce tax contributions and increase the need for social support systems (US Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2024). The economic impact of these challenges could lead to greater income inequality, limiting upward mobility and placing pressure on the middle class.

The effects on the democratic system are equally concerning. Education is a cornerstone of an informed electorate; citizens who lack critical thinking skills and knowledge of civic processes are less likely to participate in democratic activities such as voting, advocacy, and public debate. According to Pew Research, individuals with higher levels of education are more likely to vote, engage in community activities, and advocate for societal issues (Pew Research Center, 2024). If access to higher education remains uneven, the US risks creating a divided democracy where only the most privileged participate actively in governance, while underrepresented groups face obstacles to engagement. This erosion of broad civic participation threatens the principles of democracy as the public's voice becomes less inclusive and representative (this does not include a similar problem posed by the Electoral College).

Looking forward, the future of democracy may be at risk if these trends persist. A well-educated populace is essential for sustaining democratic ideals, enabling citizens to make informed choices, question authority, and advocate for social justice. If the current crisis in higher education continues, it could undermine the foundation of a functioning democracy, creating a cycle of disengagement, inequality, and weakened democratic structures.

Policymakers should prioritize measures that make education affordable and accessible to all to address these pressing issues. Some of these measures include expanding grant programs, reducing tuition, and investing in community colleges and vocational training. Strengthening the educational pipeline from K-12 through college, particularly for underrepresented groups, can help create a more equitable and prepared citizenry. Promoting civic education within schools can also cultivate an informed, active population capable of sustaining democratic principles.

Addressing these challenges will benefit individuals and strengthen the nation's economy, reduce social inequalities, and safeguard the future of American democracy holistically. UMass's recent decision to allow all undergraduate students from households earning $75,000 or less to attend any UMass campus tuition-free starting next fall is laudable. However, given the seriousness of the situation, it should only be taken as a bold first step if we have to save higher education from its current predicament.