Is credentials recognition, in an immigrant CV, passport-based?

Let me begin with how researchers, experts, and journalists have answered this question.

Shibao Guo concluded in his research, ROOTS OF NON-RECOGNITION OF FOREIGN CREDENTIALS FOR IMMIGRANT, that recognition could be a result of two aspects, 1) Epistemological misperceptions of immigrants' knowledge and backgrounds, and 2) Ontological commitment to universal measurement.

Shibao's conclusion in Canada actually makes sense in Sweden, 2021, according to Annette Risberg and Laurence Romani who stated in their publication Underemploying highly skilled migrants: An organizational logic protecting corporate ‘normality’ that "highly skilled migrants are perceived as a potential threat to organizational norms and practices". The summary of the study is that:

The assumption that organizations are in favor of hiring immigrants is challenged!

2) the underemployment is due to protecting the organizational logic!

3) implicitly referring to organizational normality while recruiting could be a part of the problem!

Cassie Anita answered in her article found out that actually there are some other challenges that construct barriers to counter immigrants' career advancement or just underemployment. These barriers include but are not limited to "legal status, the process of transferring credentials, the license, and certification process, lack of employer recognition, lack of cultural literacy, and the language barrier."

A mix of issues…

So, is it legal status, fear, or superiority that prevents immigrants from having equal opportunities?

Christine Ro in his BBC article "Brain waste': The skilled workers who can't get jobs" wrote that "Some of the clearest data on brain waste comes from the US. There, “anywhere from 20 to 25% of college-educated immigrants are severely underemployed”, says Jeanne Batalova, who analyses migration data at the Migration Policy Institute (MPI). “So, they’re either unemployed or working in jobs that require no more than high school”.

Billions of dollars lost to the economy because people trained elsewhere can't work in fields, studies find. Nathalie Sturgeon

Nathalie, in her article, "Immigrants with unrecognized credentials offered help scaling barriers" explained the economic loss that is surging due to immigrants' underemployment or credentials' nonrecognition.

“The most interesting part for me was that the more experienced you are, the highest education you have, the worse are the labour market outcomes for you, the more unemployment and underemployment you face”. A quote from " John Dujay " article that capitioned an opion of a survey respondent.

Solution?

It is undeniable that there are ongoing efforts to solve the problem, so let's review what is already there:

International Labor Organization for instance made a report titled "X How to Facilitate the Recognition of Skills of Migrant Workers" they talked about some market programs and services for refugees. Furthermore, OECD - OCDE made a list of actions in this regard called "How can migrants’ skills be put to use?" Which is an interesting short document to read. But that's not all, SHRM interviewed Jina Krause-Vilmar and they spoke about the New Americans Act?that provides new opportunities. Last but not least, there are similar articles to this one "How immigrants can turn their challenges into business strengths" by Martin Rowinski who explains how an immigrant could turn the credentials into opportunities.

Of course, I believe that it is not enough, yet this is a super complex issue. My aim of this article is just to review what is the word in the street. As for analyzing and providing my opinion, that has already started and will continue to appear in future articles in the future.

What do you think?