Could Anti-Obesity Medications Help You Drink Less? Surprising Study Findings

If you’ve ever wondered whether anti-obesity medications could affect alcohol use, new research suggests the answer might be “yes”—in a potentially positive way. A recent study in JAMA Network Open examined over 14,000 people enrolled in a telehealth weight management program who started anti-obesity medication (AOM). Nearly half of the participants who drank alcohol before treatment reduced their alcohol use after starting an AOM.

Adding to these findings, a just published study in JAMA Psychiatry (see link below) looked specifically at semaglutide 2.4 mg—a GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) receptor agonist—within the STEP 1 trial. This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of adults with overweight or obesity. While the primary goal of the trial was to measure weight loss, researchers also assessed changes in alcohol use as a secondary outcome. The results were notable: participants receiving semaglutide 2.4 mg reported fewer instances of heavy drinking and lower overall alcohol consumption compared to those on placebo.

A Closer Look at the Study Findings

1.???? Study Design and Participants

• Telehealth Cohort (JAMA Network Open): Over 14,000 individuals starting various anti-obesity medications were observed for changes in alcohol use over time. Nearly half of those who had been drinking before treatment reported a decrease in alcohol consumption.
• STEP 1 Trial (JAMA Psychiatry): In this tightly controlled trial, adults with overweight or obesity were randomly assigned to receive semaglutide 2.4 mg or a placebo in addition to lifestyle interventions. Although the researchers focused primarily on weight outcomes, they used structured assessments to track alcohol intake.

2.???? Reduced Drinking Frequency and Cravings

• GLP-1 Receptor Agonists (like Semaglutide): These powerful medications?affect the brain’s reward pathways that govern eating behaviors and substance use. This “dual benefit” could help explain why individuals lose weight and reach for fewer drinks.
• Naltrexone/Bupropion Combination: Besides semaglutide, other AOMs (like naltrexone/bupropion) are well-documented to reduce cravings. This suggests a broader phenomenon: certain weight management drugs may also reduce the appeal of alcohol.

3.???? Positive Lifestyle Shifts

• Mindful Choices:?For many, starting a weight loss journey involves reevaluating other habits, such as alcohol intake. Extending that discipline to other areas, including drinking, can become more manageable when appetite and food cravings are under better control.
• Supportive Environment: Both studies underscore the importance of ongoing support—telehealth check-ins, structured counseling, or group programs—to reinforce healthier behaviors beyond medication use.

Putting It All Together

Medication Isn’t the Whole Story While these findings are promising, it’s important to remember that anti-obesity medications are but one tool. Successful, sustainable weight management still relies on good nutrition, regular physical activity, reduced environmental toxin exposure, and effective stress management.

Behavioral Support Matters Through telehealth or in-person programs, professional oversight can provide personalized guidance, accountability, and practical strategies for reducing alcohol while improving your overall diet and lifestyle.

Individualized Care Is Key Everyone’s medical history, metabolism, and goals differ. Work closely with your healthcare provider to see if semaglutide, naltrexone/bupropion, or any other anti-obesity treatment is right for you. A detailed evaluation of your habits, medical conditions, and personal preferences will help ensure the best possible outcomes.

I’m encouraged by these findings. They signal that certain medications when combined with a strong support system and healthy lifestyle choices, can have a ripple effect on multiple health behaviors—drinking included.

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2827069

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2829811