Is the cosmological principle still a firm basis for cosmology? (booklet)

v. 6 n. 10

The cosmological principle has been called into question. *

Consider Figures 1 and 2. Which is natural lightning and which is the Lanekea galactic supercluster?

Hint: The red dot at the end of one of the main branches in one of these figures indicates our Milky Way galaxy. Lightening is a fractal, self-similar at all scales.

Figure 3 is a cross section through soap bubble foam. It resembles a common polymer sponge made by expanding gas at all scales. Note that some spherical voids dominate as in the large-scale structure of the Universe, due to the slightest variation at the onset of expansion. While the pattern is not perfectly regular in Figure 3, a simple formula describes the Apollonian Gasket in the cover image that can be considered an "ideal soap bubble foam" or an ideal of the large-scale structure of the Universe that might be tweaked in computer modelling to obtain more realistic structure. Then the formula for that realistic structure may be known at all scales, even beyond visibility.

If the visible matter in the Universe is distributed like a fractal, any pattern at any scale can be anticipated, even beyond that of observation. Also, irregularities at the larger scales may have counterparts at even larger scales that have not or cannot be observed. Even though each scale may differ somewhat due ultimately to the uncertainty principle from the earliest moments of expansion, the cosmological principal would hold indefinitely. Predictable irregularity is like regularity, supporting the cosmological principle.

In the following selection of applicable Newsletter articles, fractals are explicit in the last.

How far does space extend? | LinkedIn

A rationale for large scale dynamics and structure | LinkedIn

Suggested simulation experiment for large-scale structure, with reference to the cosmological principle | LinkedIn

(1) Maintaining the cosmological principle regarding quasar alignment with unmodified Newtonian gravity, model testing | LinkedIn

Why does the predicted mass of the quantum vacuum have little effect on the expansion of the universe?* | LinkedIn

(2) Can the Universe be seen from an outside? | LinkedIn

https://www.dhirubhai.net/pulse/quantifying-largescale-structure-fractals-warren-frisina-ownhe/?trackingId=YAGwfLocSU%2Bd0AULTCOCVg%3D%3D

* Author: What is the evidence against the cosmological principle?

"Sent by Copilot:

The cosmological principle posits that the universe is homogeneous and isotropic on large scales, meaning it looks the same in every direction and from every location. However, several pieces of evidence challenge this principle:

1. Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) Anomalies: The CMB, which is the afterglow of the Big Bang, shows temperature fluctuations. Some anomalies, like the “Axis of Evil,” suggest a preferred direction in the universe, contradicting isotropy1 .
2. Large-Scale Structures: Observations of large-scale structures, such as galaxy clusters and superclusters, indicate that the universe may not be perfectly homogeneous. These structures can span hundreds of millions of light-years, suggesting variations in density1 .
3. Dipole Anisotropy: The dipole anisotropy in the CMB is interpreted as our motion relative to the cosmic rest frame. However, there are tensions between the dipole measured from the CMB and those from other cosmological sources, like quasars and supernovae2 .
4. Time Dilation Dipole: Recent studies propose that a time dilation dipole, which would be a directional-dependent time dilation over the sky, could be detected in large-scale surveys of variable cosmological sources. This could provide further evidence against the cosmological principle2 .

These observations suggest that the universe might not be as uniform as the cosmological principle assumes. This has led some scientists to reconsider the foundational assumptions of cosmology."

Cover image: https://mathinart.weebly.com/fractals.html

Cover image caption: The Apollonian Gasket. Predictable irregularity is like regularity.