Corps agriculture plan for Coffee, Vanilla and Cocoa Production worldwide

Introduction

Coffee, cocoa and vanilla are one of the most popular agricultural products which are high in demand throughout the world. Coffee holds second position in trade and exportation after crude oil which justifies its popularity. While cocoa beans are also popular because of its use in manufacturing of chocolate. Demand of chocolate is increasing with every passing day because of which there is an increasing demand in cocoa production. Similarly organic vanilla is in high demand despite its increased price. Consumers prefer vanilla over synthetic vanilla for flavors. Its production can be increased by growing plants through agroforestry i.e. using forest land for production of coffee and cocoa plants. While vanilla can be grown through tissue culturing. The raw materials can then be processed by industrialization.

Due to some major agriculture diseases in Coffee, Cocoa and Vanilla crops the stability of delivering those products are in major jeopardy, GTS with some Agrotech companies in Israel has developed a unique system that can grow coffee, cocoa and vanilla on strong base plant that can carry any type of crops required.

This technology can help adjust any crops for any climate and region worldwide.

Introduction

Coffee is considered one of the most popular agricultural commodities with its increased worldwide trade. According to an estimation, 125 million people are dependent on coffee to earn their livelihoods. This includes more than 50 countries that are involved in the production and exportation of coffee (Krishnan, 2017). These countries are part of the developing world. Its popularity throughout the world makes it the second most widely credited agricultural commodity throughout the world, right behind crude oil and its derivatives. Coffee is consumed in every continent of the world because of which it is a major component of coffee-growing countries. In coffee-growing countries, smallholder farmers rely heavily on coffee for their livelihood. Coffee supports millions of smallholder farmers and provides significant improvement possibilities, explained by the International Coffee Organization. Coffee farming necessitates a great deal of effort, particularly during the production process and harvest making it one of the main drivers of development, especially in rural areas in developing countries. Among different species of coffee, Arabica and Robusta are widely used coffees around the world. Various studies have described that upon drawing a comparison between Arabica and Robusta output, Arabica is considered to contribute 30% of the total coffee production. Royal Robusta accounts for 70%. The biggest difference between the two types is the taste and caffeine content. Arabica is considered to have a fuller and more flavorful flavor than Robusta; therefore, it is much more expensive (Sarirahayu & Aprianingsih, 2018).?

Brazil is the world's leading producer and exporter of coffee. According to the Brazilian Institute of geography and statistics (IBGE), approximately 50.3 million sixty-kg bags of coffee were harvested in the year 2016 throughout Brazil. This harvest contains 42.5 million bags of Arabica while 7.8 million bags of Robusta coffee. According to the data obtained from the Ministry of Industry, International Commerce and Services, in 2016, the total revenue earned from the exportation of coffee was about the US $ 4.84 billion. The cultivation of coffee has paved significant ways in uplifting the economic value of Brazil. But current conditions and challenges have introduced various hurdles in the economic development of Brazil and South American countries. There is a need to utilize the maximum land of South American countries, including Brazil, for the production of coffee. Conventional methods are not optimum to be utilized to boost the economy, therefore, there is a need to introduce and develop modern technology for increasing coffee production (Volsi et al., 2019).

Strategies for increased production

?Climate creation for better yield ?

?The economic value of coffee can be estimated from its wide export, making it the second most widely traded commodity throughout the world, involving 50 countries in its production. But with time, farmers are struggling with its production because of increasing environmental challenges. It has been observed that changes in climate have hindered production and lowered the yield of coffee. Unseasonal rainfall has led to low crop yields. High temperatures have introduced more resilient pests, which have significantly impacted coffee production.

Agroforestry for Land Utilization at Larger Scale

In order to deal with the climatic problems, there is a need to make a microclimate around cocoa and coffee plants. It has been observed that various Agroforestry practices are significant in reducing water and thermal stress in cocoa and coffee plants. The plants which are drawn at the shade tree protection are known to reduce air temperature by 2 to 5 degrees. Growth under shared production has also been known to have provided ambient humidity. The same conditions are also applicable for cocoa plants. When they are grown in the shade, they are observed to have reduced air, and soil temperatures with increased humidity ultimately lead to reduced water stress.

But the limitations for growth under shade trees introduce a competition for various inputs with cocoa or coffee plants. The competition becomes very intense when there is a dry season and limited water availability. It has been observed that trees intercept 5 to 15% of the rainfall, stopping the rain from reaching the ground. When cocoa and coffee plants are grown under, the shading rate of transpiration decreases as compared to those which are cultivated without shade. Competition, especially in the case of water availability, can be lowered by considering the root system of the shady plants. Different root colonization patterns contribute to water availability in soil horizons. Coffee and cocoa plants are known to have excess water from the surface horizon as fruit concentration is more around the surface of the soil. Therefore, if the shade trees have their root system in the deep soils, it can prevent water competition between both species. For example, cultivation of Gliricidia sepium trees and cocoa plants or Inga densiflora trees between Arabica coffees can provide benefits of providing shade which will reduce the temperature, and the difference in rooting systems can prevent water competition.

Another way of avoiding water competition is the provision of soil water around the surface instead of deep roots. Providing the water on superficial services of the soil where Coco and copy fruits can easily access water can also enhance the complementarity between deep rooted trees and Shallow rooted plants. Choosing the species which under marginal conditions, tend to lose leaves

in the dry season, probably use little water and act as windbreaks to protect cocoa and coffee plants.

Quality and production

According to Vast et al., (2016), there is very little research on the impact of shade on coffee and cocoa productivity.?It has been observed that the growth of coffee and cocoa plants under the shade prevents the alternate bearing pattern and also increases the plantation longevity. In suboptimal ecological conditions, the provision of shade has a significant benefit on productivity.?It is because shade creates a microenvironment for surrounding coffee plants which ultimately increases productivity by 10 to 50%. The creation of a favorable microenvironment around coffee plants is most suitable for their development while limiting fruit abortion and drop. This results in lowering the climate stress during the production cycle, ultimately leading to increased yield.

Provision of share has also resulted in increased quality of bean size. Under suitable conditions, shade prevents the plant from fruit drop, which reduces the coffee Cherry load. As a result, there is increased competition between the trees for achieving nutrients leading to larger beans. Shade also prevents direct exposure of cocoa and coffee plants to sun Radiation. The restricted exposure to this radiation delays the ripening of the fruit by several weeks. This delay results in increased bean filling and improved cup quality.

Creation and modification of microclimate contribute to increased production and quality of the coffee beans as it is similar to the controlled environment in a natural habitat. The presence of trees has also been considered to improve the flowering by the bioavailability of phosphorus.?Phosphorus is a key element and an important nutrient required for increased flowering and food setting of young pods. Therefore, shared provision is associated with increased yield with efficient quality and size of beams leading to improved value of coffee and cocoa beans.

Farming practices for coffee

?There are different sustainable certified coffees available that are related to improved coffee farming practices. This huge chain of certified coffee production was initiated and introduced by large exporters who have declared different farms as major suppliers for their own business to different parts of the world. This production of sustainable and integrated coffee farms has resulted in providing various benefits to the coffee farms concerning increased production, risk mitigation, improvement in quality of the beans and better access to the market (Hung Anh et al., 2019).

Fair Trade Certification?

When the market prices are low, fair trade gives chances for small producers by guaranteeing prices above the established base price. When the Global market for coffee beans varies wildly, this favors the producers. Contracts made under the fair trade certification make sure that the products are produced in safe and environmentally friendly working conditions. The farmers are bound to follow specified procedures that are aimed at increased and high quality production of coffee beans to receive a fair trade certification in exchange. The farmers are needed to show environmentally friendly procedures, for example, justified use of fertilizers and pesticides along with wise use of water and energy. Under fair trade, the farmers and farm owners are also obliged to respect Human Rights, which involves non exploitation of children. This certification also involves proper education of the coffee growers along with promotion of gender equality, improved approach to the healthcare system, and encouraging long-term commercial connections.

By implementing fair trade, the coffee growers can be made aware of different varieties and techniques, which in return will increase yield and productivity with sustainable measures.?There are various studies that show that Fair Trade has successfully achieved its goals regarding increased production and generating more profit, especially for smallholder coffee growers. Fair Trade certification is considered to be an efficient substitute that can be implemented by the government in improving the welfare of coffee farmers by engaging the farmers in the utilization of modern technologies, which will be beneficial for both the farmers and the government in terms of increased economic value. This certification is an effective solution for unstable markets and to the governments when the government has restricted support to increase productivity for smallholders. When the farmers are given appropriate financial returns in exchange for their product or crop, they are more motivated to adopt modern technology and techniques which are efficient in producing and increasing the yield and quality of their crop.

Implementation of fair-trade certification throughout Brazil and South American countries can significantly involve the landowners to increase the production of coffee. Therefore, it is recommended to adopt fair trade and other certifications which can enhance the Interest of the small landholders in producing coffee.

Use of different varieties

Small scale farmers, especially those in the tropics whose livelihoods are environmentally and socially most vulnerable to climate change, are increasingly relying on agroecological resilience.?Increasing challenges in case of different pests and diseases attitude towards them because of changes in climate conditions. These changes have developed, I need a deeper knowledge of where resilience-building initiatives can be introduced to overcome challenges in increased yield. Farming is based on the management of functional biodiversity, which can make the conditions better, including soil quality, nutrient cycle, and disease and pest control leading to increased yield.?One of the major aspects of agroecological management which has been found to lessen crop sensitivity to different pests and diseases is intraspecific genetic crop variability. Varieties having better resilience against different diseases and pests can introduce an increased distance between susceptible varieties and compatible varieties. Different chemical and genetic changes among different varieties can introduce different types of resistance, which can help in dealing with different diseases up to a certain point.

The introduction of different varieties of coffee and cocoa plants can help the farmers in dealing with different pests and diseases of these plants. It can also help in sustainable production by reducing the number of fertilizers and pesticides. But the choice of different varieties should balance ecological pressures in accordance with market pressure.

Farmers are usually reluctant to adopt new varieties because of mistrust and lack of knowledge. All varieties are usually not resistant to various diseases, for example, Hemileia vastatrix. These varieties also have low bean weight, which revolves around 13 to 15 g only. The use of new varieties instead of old ones is still preferred as farmers often suffer from different socio-economic factors. Financial restriction plays an important role in creating hurdles towards modern farm management and cultivar renewal. Lack of investment makes the plants more prone to disease and pest susceptibility. Moreover, increased Reliance on different fertilizers and pesticides make the disease causing agents and insects resistant to the certified dose. Moreover, increased investments in fertilizers and pesticides also threaten the health of coffee, making it unfit for human consumption (Ward, Gonthier & Nicholls, 2017).?

Adoption of different varieties can help the farmers in dealing with different pests and diseases along with increased yield. It has been suggested that varieties showing horizontal resistance are more efficient in dealing with H. vastatrix. Introducing vertical resistance in the plants against H. vastatrix is not an efficient and durable strategy because the fungus possesses high physiological variability. C. canephora var. Conilon Are considered to have polygenes forest resistance.?There are 9 to 15 clonal varieties that exhibit resistance against H. vastatrix. The varieties showing quantitative resistance include Robusta tropical and Robusta capixaba (Zambolim, 2016).

Environmental sustainability

National forest habitats containing high levels of biodiversity are under serious threat in the centers of regions suitable for growing various coffee spp. There is an increasing demand for coffee, but various countries are facing a decline in its production which is leading to food insecurity and economic resistance, especially for small scale growers. Market instability,?insufficient market access, ineffective legislative framework, and non-adoption of new technologies and services are serious threats for declining coffee production. Farmers usually do not adopt various new technologies as they are resistant to learn new methods. Another major limitation is the financial instability as majority of the farmers are small land holders and unable to afford these technologies. Therefore, they are bound to use conventional technologies including old varieties. New seeds i.e. varieties are expensive which is non-affordable by the small land holding farmers. Moreover, changing climatic conditions is also a contributory factor for the declining drop in coffee production. These reasons have resulted in the abandonment of coffee fields.?

?Production of coffee in agroforestry involves growing the coffee plants under the protection of a variety of canopy species that can provide shade to coffee plants. This culture of growing coffee with shade trees provides a conservation potential. A wide range of shade management systems ranging from no shade to heavy shade, can be found in various coffee areas. In Central America in the 1970s, there was a huge push towards the adoption of coffee cultivation towards the Shady door opens sun cultivation systems. The increased pressure of growing coffee plants directly under the sun was considered to be a better yielded way of cultivation. Another purpose for the reduction or elimination of shade trees was the introduction of various agrochemical inputs, which were claimed to be effective against coffee leaf Rust. This intensification approach was promoted in various nations, which included Costa Rica,?Colombia, and Kenya. This removal was strongly supported by government ministries and research institutions who pushed new practices for high yields and less complexity and traditionally administered systems. The increased intensification resulted in a decline in biodiversity because the traditional method of growing coffee under the shade resembled a natural forest that supported various species of birds and wildlife. Growers in various nations with less technical help continued to grow coffee in traditional shade-grown methods. The benefits of using the shaded system for coffee plants introduced a variable habitat and also increased biodiversity. As it mimicked a natural forest; therefore, it also supported biological control agents, which majorly included birds and bats. This system also has the advantage of enhancing pollinators for the coffee.

Coffee can also be used as an agroforestry system that can provide ecosystem services for sustaining and rebuilding biological and social systems which are resilient to various environmental challenges. According to Kufa (2010), there should be a call to action for incorporating the agroforestry systems of coffee production into climate agreements by compensating each country for many ecological services gained by doing so. Rice (2013), has also suggested that agricultural planners and politicians, especially in underdeveloped countries, should promote shade grown coffee as a way to achieve a favorable association between conservation and the marketplace. In South American countries and Brazil, the forest area can be used for coffee production without deforestation. As coffee is now considered to be more building under shade, therefore the forest trees can be used as a shade to create a microclimate to grow coffee plants.?

The detrimental effects of climate Change on coffee production must also be mitigated sooner by preserving the forest by minimizing deforestation and forest degradation. To overcome the dangers which are prevailing because of climate change, especially for coffee ecology and production,?immediate actions are needed to be taken for the identification, designing, and executing conservation solutions. Measures including incentives and equitable benefit sharing from the utilization of forest genetic resources and ecosystem services should be addressed to maintain environmental sustainability and conservation of biodiversity. This also includes setting premium prices for high quality coffees. These immediate measures will lead to the Restoration of the coffee sector involving wrong term development and improvement in the wellbeing of farmers, especially in South American countries where economic conditions are unfavorable. For utilizing the land for sustainable coffee production involving the global economy, this process will necessitate strong collaborations across the whole coffee value change in both producing and consuming countries to coordinate with growing countries in sustainable activities.

Coltro et al. (2006) conducted a study for the assessment of the environmental profile of green coffee production in Brazil using a life cycle assessment (LCA). The research was directed to decipher precise production inventory data and the identification of potential environmental implications of tillage in order to come up with solutions to mitigate those impacts and promote environmental sustainability. The study results showed that 11,400 kg water, 94 kg fuel (diesel), 270 kg fertilizers, 620 kg corrective (e,g, limestones to rectify soil acidity), and 10 kg pesticides One needed for the production of 1000 kg green coffee in Brazil. The findings were significant in terms of establishing the link between farming methods and possible coffee environmental consequences.?Another LCA conducted on the farm in Guatemala revealed that transportation was a major restriction for or increasing climate exchange. Therefore, transportation can be held responsible for the majority of the environmental impact on coffee production. When the impacts of other processes, for example, roasting and brewing, were evaluated, it was revealed that coffee farming accounted for a minor portion of the total impact (Salinas, 2008). Therefore, understanding the LCA?of Agricultural products is a critical step towards determining potential hazards regarding environmental and social implications and laying the groundwork for increased sustainability of Agricultural products.

Sustainability of coffee value chain

Coffee is a global commodity involving a slew of stakeholders in the value chain ranging from producers to intermediaries and leading to the final consumers. The causes of light chains' breadth and intimacy among various factors of coffee supply chain makes it a potential sector four development of regional and local areas. Due to the regulation,?changing business strategies and new consumer pattern the global coffee value chain has changed substantially to meet increasing consumer demands.

Vanilla production

Introduction

Vanilla is a popular ritual flavor found in a variety of products, including food, drink, pharmaceutics, cosmetics, and other traditional crafts.?Vanilla beans are native to Mexico and Costa Rica, while it is also potential to be grown in Brazil.?These days Vanilla beans are grown in various parts of the world for their increased demand and market. Vanilla is cultivated in temperatures that range between 21 to 32 degrees and have an annual precipitation rate of 1500 mm or more with 80% relative humidity.

Increasing globalization and the increasing popularity of vanilla have also resulted in elevated demand for natural vanilla.?There is a high consumer demand for vanillin, which is a natural flavor and a constituent of vanilla, but its production requires increased biotechnological processes. Demand for natural vanilla continued to increase throughout 1990, even when there was a price difference between synthetic vanilla and natural vanilla. Along with the use of this flavor in food commodities now?there is a tremendous shift towards home?fragrances as people now use it as a?fragrance. This increasing popularity is pressurizing the growers?and stakeholders?to devise new ways of meeting consumer demand.

Strategies for increased production

The common yield of vanilla upon harvesting is determined according to the soil fertility, cultivation practices, fertilization, and variety of the plants.?On average, a Vanilla plant having good cultivation gives 3 kg fresh vanilla per plant. The production pattern of vanilla plants varies every year because of various climatic and cultivation practices.?In optimum conditions, a Vanilla plant can start giving vanilla at the age of 3 to 4 years, but the yield started to decline until the 7th harvest.

Vanilla is now at the beginning of entering the global market because of increased?awareness among the public.?The likeness to this flavor has already increased the demand. The global market?for food flavors is already?hovering around $3 billion, which is expected to grow every year. Therefore, the field of biotechnology has contributed towards Vanilla production so that increasing demand can be?met. Various companies have already started tissue culturing, considering the popularity of Vanilla flavor.?The use of tissue culture?for Vanilla Production Will result in a significant supply of vanilla in the market.?In America, about one-third of all the ice cream is sold in Vanilla flavor. But vanilla is an expensive agricultural product because of its low heels, which revolve around 3 kg per plant. Vanilla is a hand-pollinated crop and requires special attention and practice during its harvesting and curing process (Medina et al., 2009).

Tissue culture

Plant tissue cultures Have been proven to create a wide spectrum of flavor and aromas that are unique to the plants from which they come. The tissue culture technique has the ability to reproduce the food flavors and fragrances by various means, which otherwise?can only be obtained from the relevant plant.?In this technique, the cultivated plant cells produce the flavor molecules according to their unique biochemical and genetic abilities along with their totipotency. Every cell of a Vanilla plant carries a piece of genetic information that is needed?for the synthesis of vanilla flavor.?When a flavor is basically a mixture of various chemical components that together make up a natural flavor, in tissue culture technique, various cells of the vanilla plant can be grown indoors to meet the increasing demand by specifically growing the flavor-inducing cells. By adopting this technique, the issues related to land availability, climatic conditions, including temperature, humidity, and water availability, can be resolved. The control system?can also prevent the spread of various diseases and pests, which under normal conditions in the fields affect the production and yield of vanilla.?

Cocoa Production

Introduction

The Cocoa Tree is native to Brazil’s Amazon region.?The cocoa tree was domesticated in the Amazon rainforest and?has since spread throughout the south and Central America along with other tropical countries, including Africa and Asia.?Cocoa was widely distributed throughout South America and the Caribbean in the 17th century. It has now become some major agricultural export commodities throughout the globe and is considered a life but for the economies of various countries.?It is the world's top earner of foreign exchange and a major source of income for various families who depend upon cocoa production, especially in developing countries. According to an estimation made by the World Cocoa Foundation currently, there are 5 to 6 million producers around the world.?This agricultural production involves about 40 to 50 million people for their livelihoods. Throughout the world, there has been an increase in the demand for cocoa?beans reflecting its increased consumption throughout the world. Increasing demand was a pressure on the farmers to increase yield?to cope with the demands. Therefore, different stakeholders are involved in improving cocoa technology in order to achieve better yield and product.?

The rainforests of the Brazilian Amazon have been dramatically?degraded in recent decades due to the conversion of pastoral lands and for livestock husbandry resulting in the loss of forest and changes in the ecosystem. Along with the world, Brazil is also facing deforestation for utilizing the land of forest for agricultural growth, which has resulted in a major climatic course.?

Land Utilization Through Agroforestry with Cocoa Plants

Deforestation and forest degradation account for 11% of total increases in greenhouse gas emissions. Agriculture, deforestation, and other land uses contribute about a quarter of world emissions. To compensate the land for human interference and to restore the forest land, there is a need to stop deforestation and degradation of the forest. Instead, there is a need to look for natural-based remedies?which can contribute to the restoration of climatic conditions. Along with the restoration, there is also a need to compensate local farmers?financially, which can be assisted by various projects, including forest landscape restoration.?Coco Agroforestry?can be a significant contribution giving dual benefits to the farmers and the government equally.?

Small scale farmers in the Amazon are returning to their previous methods of cultivating cocoa.?Previously the cocoa?plants were cultivated under the shade, for which a variety of shade trees were used. Adoption of this technique will be a natural response to the emerging problems of deforestation.?The increasing demand for cocoa throughout the world?can be met by cultivating cocoa plants?in the forest and allowing the small farm holders?to look for these plants as an additional source of financial assistance.?In this way, restoration of the forest and a decrease in deforestation can be achieved.?Moreover, revenue can be generated by commercializing cocoa production in the Agroforestry system for the farmers and the government alike. The Cocoa Tree Theobroma cacao?is the native rainforest plant in the Amazon sector; therefore, it can be extensively used to cultivate in the Amazon rainforest.?The fruit of this tree is the main ingredient in chocolate production. The adaptation of cacao- Agroforestry systems can contribute to reducing greenhouse gases along with increased carbon absorption while producing a commercial is market for chocolate giving benefits from all the sides to the

government.?

Improvement in yield

The adoption of smart?devices and Systems for agriculture practices are significant in increasing?the production and yield of agricultural products.?It also reduces the environmental impact?of agricultural products, even for small landholders. Implementation of drip irrigation systems in cocoa fields can be used for the commercialization of cocoa.?In Brazil, the cocoa trees?grown under the shade of banana trees are said to be high-yielding when they are irrigated with drip irrigation systems.?The yield noticed?by?implementing this system leads to 500 kg per hectare to 3 metric tons. But it heavily depends on the varieties of cocoa used for the production. There is a dire need for?implementing various financial plans to attract and facilitate the farmers for cocoa growing. The use of the latest technologies with?subsidies can contribute to increasing the production of cocoa?along with the utilization of forest land.

Use of hybrid cocoa

Vigorous tolerant hammers on hybrids have the characteristic of growing cocoa without shade.?Along with Agroforestry of cocoa plants?utilization of the area which is not under the forest cover for cocoa production will also contribute towards massive land usage and increased productivity. For this purpose, hybrid varieties are needed to be cultivated which can thrive under the sun without any shade.

Brazil is considered the sixth largest cacao?production country throughout the globe.?This makes it potential for commercial ice production at a larger scale as?it will contribute to the GDP?along with the increased provision of jobs and means of livelihood for the local community.?Because of differences in the supply gaps and decline in production in West Africa, Brazil has the potential to overcome the hurdles and become a major cocoa producer. Land degradation, poor farming practices, and climate changes are contributing factors in the declining production of Cocoa in West Africa, giving way to Brazil to overcome these issues,?and becoming a major producer.

Industrialization of coffee, cocoa and vanilla

Value chain

The value chain of coffee, cocoa and vanilla starts with the producer, which is the farmer who plants, harvests and carries out the initial steps of formatting and drying the beans. The beans are sold out directly or through traders to the local industry or the exporters.?The traders then save the means to the grinders which do a value addition to producing industrial coffee, chocolate and vanilla. The last step of the value chain involves the end consumers where the product is used by the end consumers.

Price relation

Increased efficiency of a sector through the concentration process then the stakeholders involved in the industry benefit from it. Availability of appropriate prices from producers till manufacturing is one of the major components for increase and decrease in the supply of the coffee, cocoa and vanilla. Increased prices in the inputs for example planting, harvesting, fertilizers, pesticides and other cultural practices adds to the price of the cocoa beans.?if the farmers are unable to meet their input by selling their cocoa beans they are reluctant to grow more.?therefore, proper strategies devised by the government and institutions for the price maintenance are needed to attract farmers for cocoa production (Hütz-Adams et al., 2016).

Setting of facility for industrial processing of coffee, cocoa and vanilla

Chocolate producing units or industries will be set up?in the concerning areas of chocolate farms. This will provide various benefits.?The farmers do not have to involve any traders or middlemen?to sell their produce. If the industry setup was near the area of cultivation?it will also save the cost of transportation for the farmers. Moreover, perishability for the threats of deterioration of the product will also be less sent greatly because the product does not have to cover the distance to reach the industry. There will be abundant raw material for the chocolate industry at?very low prices because it will create a?direct relation between farmers and industry. The local people can also gain?employment in the concerned areas. There will be no shortage of manpower because?the local individuals can be utilized as a human resource for the establishment, and proper management of the industry for coffee, cocoa and vanilla.?

For the coffee industry?specialized units will be constructed?around?Areas where specialized beans are farmed and cultivated.?as there is a huge?demand for different?coffee beans these units can manufacture and process those specialized coffee beans which can later be exported.?This expectation will ultimately benefit the local farmers, and government to?enter in the Global market.?Increasing demand of coffee?can also help in increasing its share in GDP leading to the financial stability for the government.?

Similarly, for Vanilla production, different tissue culture centers?can be established where there will be no need for land or other requirements.?Vanilla can be produced from tissue culture technique and then can be processed by the mini industry established near the tissue culture centers. This will help in increased production of vanilla which through conventional means only produces 3 kg per plant.?But increasing demand of vanilla throughout the globe is putting a pressure which can be dealt with tissue cultures of special cells which can produce vanilla in controlled environment with less hurdles and increased productivity.?