3D Scanning and 3D Printing

Image capturing / 3D scanning plays a crucial role in generating accurate 3D models for 3D printing applications. Various techniques exist to create a digital file of a physical object, but this article focuses specifically on 3D scanning solutions. When selecting the right scanner, multiple factors must be considered, including the application, scanning object, location, and desired level of detail. Choosing the most suitable scanner ensures the best results for your specific needs.

From Photo Capture to Advanced 3D Scanning

One of the earliest and most accessible methods for generating 3D models was the photo-capturing technique. This involved taking multiple images of an object from different angles using a camera and then processing them with specialized software to generate a 3D model. While this method was inexpensive and fun, it lacked the precision and accuracy required for professional applications.

A more advanced version of this technique is the photo booth scanner. I first encountered a photobooth in the UAE, owned by PRECISE 3D HUB Dubai. Later, I experienced another fully operational photo booth at @Objex Unlimited in Toronto, Canada. Unlike single-camera scanning, photobooth scanners use multiple cameras positioned at various angles to capture a subject simultaneously. This significantly improves accuracy, precision, and color detailing, making it ideal for creating high-quality 3D models. This technology is widely used in the figurine industry, so if you've ever wanted a miniature version of yourself, these services are worth exploring!

3D Scanners

The function of a typical 3D scanner is illustrated in the image below. Multiple optical sources project light patterns onto the object, and respective cameras capture these patterns from different angles to generate a point cloud in virtual space. By connecting each point, a mesh is formed, and as a result, a final 3D object can be exported.

Types of 3D Scanners

There are three primary types of 3D scanners, each suited for different applications:

• Structured Light Scanners – The most common due to their affordability and efficiency. These scanners project structured light patterns onto an object and analyze distortions to create a 3D model. They are ideal for capturing detailed textures and color information, making them suitable for applications like product design, cultural heritage preservation, and medical prosthetics.

• Laser-Based Scanners – These use laser triangulation technology to measure the distance between the scanner and the object, making them excellent for scanning reflective, dark, or intricate surfaces that structured light scanners struggle with. Their high precision makes them essential for industrial metrology, aerospace, and automotive quality control. While they tend to be more expensive, their accuracy makes them the preferred choice for engineering and reverse engineering applications.
• Infrared (IR) Scanners – These scanners use invisible infrared light to capture 3D models, making them ideal for scanning sensitive surfaces like the human body. Unlike structured light and laser scanners, IR scanners do not emit bright light, ensuring comfort for facial scanning, biometric security, and medical imaging applications. However, they may have slightly lower accuracy compared to laser-based systems when capturing fine details.

Advanced & Hybrid 3D Scanning Solutions

With advancements in technology, modern 3D scanners now integrate multiple scanning techniques for increased versatility:

• For scanning highly reflective or dark metal surfaces while capturing fine textures, a combination of structured light and laser scanning provides the best results.
• For capturing human facial features with both comfort and accuracy, a structured light + IR scanning system is the ideal choice.

Another interesting combination is laser and infrared (IR) based 3D scanners, which are particularly well-suited for metrological scanning applications. While these scanners do not capture texture due to the absence of a light source, they offer metrology-grade accuracy. They come with multiple scanning modes, including fast scanning, deep hole scanning, fine scanning, and overall scanning, providing various options for users. One of the best examples of this technology is the SHINING 3D #Freescan series.

The Future of 3D Scanning

With the rapid development of wireless technology and AI-driven processing, 3D scanners are becoming more portable, faster, and more efficient. Improvements in laser line count, higher-resolution sensors, and increased processing power allow scanners to capture more details at greater speeds. Additionally, enhanced light sources and wider-angle camera systems have expanded the field of view (FOV), making it easier to scan larger objects and areas effortlessly.

These advancements have revolutionized 3D scanning, making it more accessible, reliable, and adaptable across various professional and industrial applications. Whether for engineering, medical imaging, or creative industries, today's 3D scanning solutions provide unmatched accuracy and efficiency, pushing the boundaries of what’s possible in reverse engineering and 3D printing.