COP28 notes - HODs 11/12/23
Tennant Reed
Director - Climate Change and Energy at the Australian Industry Group (Ai Group)
CEO Adnan: keen for more discussions over the next hours and day for a way forward.
Dedicates the meeting to initial views on the GST document, to hear perspectives on substance and process.
Thanks cochairs Joe and Allison and chairs of SBs
Let’s get general concerns rather than too much detail at this stage. What’s your reaction to the text and how can we go forward to conclusion on this important issue
CUBA for G77+China: thanks for the new iteration. Recognise all the effort on a paper with elements that lead us to important decisions. Let me make general points but preliminary views without prejudice to subsequent views and constituencies.
This is a highly complex text and we need more time for the thorough consideration it deserves.
Does not generally bring out the differentiation of efforts by developed and developing, with developed taking the lead and enhancing support.
Mitigation section should be carefully looked at. No differentiation on actions to be taken.
Para 45 and 50 “different national circumstances” is not consistent with CBDR RC in Paris. It appears to be renegotiating that.
Phrase “doubling adaptation finance” is unclear.
“All sources” prejudices NCQG negotiations and is not consistent with our understanding of Convention and Paris; should be deleted or changers
Para 138 should be retained
Para 140 should add ACE
Regret proposal for capacity building fund is not there. Re add.
Para 151 should be rephrased and streamlined
Para 163 and 167 re L&D should be in finance section
We proposed standing item on L&D. Restore it.
COLOMBIA: we reiterate that this GST is a critical moment. The science tells us the situation, we politicians decide how to move forward. The text recognizes urgency and balance, and takes the principles and reality of Paris. But the actions are falling short of what is needed if we are serious. It’s worrisome on mitigation, Article 39 is a mix of ambiguous language that is unclear on pathways; it has important commitments like the triple, they are still confusing, not clear enough, and we need to be absolutely clear to send a message. Para 39 is of high concern. We are not committing to phasing out fossil fuels. We have heard about different timelines and can reflect in the text with different responsibilities. But we have lost the focus on 2030. We have to reduce 43% by 2030 to be consistent with 1.5. If we don’t, we lose the possibility of stopping the increase of temperature. Then comes 60% by 2035 and net zero 2050. But if we miss the first milestone we lose the temperature and consequences.
So we ask to recall the urgency of 2030, in time phase out fossils but over decade, while making big reductions this decade.
We are very worried about the financing. It is not clear to us that the finance attached to Art 9 will meet the commitment for adaptation finance, want to strengthen as that’s our main concern.
Finally on finance - we don’t see ref to transforming the financial system and MDBs, was in Sharm, it is important to us.
Mitigation, adaptation, finance don’t yet reach the scale we need to deal with the problems.
BANGLADESH for LDCs: it’s late but this is an important issue. Three specific framing issues inspired us to- highest ambition, go on basis of finance, 1.5 is a North Star to guide all our actions.
But the North Star is missing, we don’t see it here. Whether in reducing emissions, lightening adaptation or making loss and damage more bearable. The GST will be in place of cover decisions and guide our work for next few years. The language is weak and in places contradictory.
On science - by insisting on consensus the COP has often taken lowest common denominator and we see this here.
You’ve identified needs and perspectives on challenges, but it will be very watered down on ambition focus specificity. So how to get to consensus? This document is not consistent with science. Need to be consistent.
When we apply that across mitigation, adaptation, loss and damage, we need this reflected in principles and framing. 1.5c is maybe still there but dark clouds are covering it up. The presidency leadership can clear the clouds and we can support you.
Is it consistent on fossil fuels? We had spoken of fossil fuel phase out, now only coal is there and no time line. We can’t have weak language that undermines 1.5.
Language on peaking only “recognizes”. We want “resolved”.
Adaptation “encourage” - adaptation is a reality. This is where funds are needed. We feel adaptation is weak compared to the orhers. Needs urgency and strength. There is no definition of climate finance.
Loss and damage is not mentioned anywhere, even in NCQG. We talk of doubling adaptation finance but there is no delivery mechanism - how will it be done.
The whole point of the stocktake is to identify and fill gaps. But there is no action plan.
We are ready to work with other groups and believe we can continue the remarkable progress we have made here and reach an inclusive science based and responsive agreement.
ADNAN: thank you for recognizing the need for ambition. What is ambition that can include us all? Perhaps this moment can find solutions.
AUSTRALIA FOR UMBRELLA: [i. A tshirt]
We are diverse and include the largest fossil consumers and producers and we believe we must transition away from fossil fuels. We have heard the stocktake and we must act. The world needs a step change not a step forward and this text is not delivering that tonight.
Some of the largest economies have called for a phase out of unabated fossil fuels. Some of the smallest have called for a just transition away from fossils. It falls to us to heed them.
The chapeau calls for actions that “could include”. We came here for should not could. The chapeau must be strengthened.
This text does not send the clear signal we need. We’ve been asked for flexibility and we will be. We can support “a transition away for on fossil fuels in keeping with science”. But we can’t be flexible on science.
Para 39e says “in keeping with science” but we need to be crystal clear on 1.5c
NCQG: we can’t prejudge the outcome without proper process and the combo of paras does that.
Adaptation has to be addressed in a wholistic and clear manner.
Word on 2.1c need a proper platforms
Positive elements - peaking, 43, NDCs, way forward, energy elements are positive.
But this doc needs clear improvements and substantial strengthening, including on transition away from fossils, before we could support it.
The Pacific has said we cannot sign our death certificate and neither will we.
We are happy to work all night to get there.
This doc falls way short and does not hold true to that North Star.
CEO: the Pres said this draft will be on the table and we’d hear views to see where we stand. This consultation and the ones ahead will we hope do exactly what you said.
EU: best to be honest. EU has come here with apparently naive understanding that whatever we do would be in line with science, keep 1.5 in reach, and be historic.
I feel in line with others that diplomatic way to describe this text is disappointing, and we cannot accept anything close to it.
Colombia is right to be so explicit about everything about a39, Bangladesh on 1.5, Australia right about “could”. We are not in an a la carte restaurant where we pick and choose. The GST needs a strong forward looking approach. Need enhanced action before 2030, including phaseing out fossil fuels because there is a direct connection from what we pump into the air and consequences.
Australia right and others that it is good we have the triple double here, but it falls short, and on coal too - so polluting. And on abatement technologies. We can’t phase out immediately, and a small part of the solution is CCS. But we can’t magic out of the problem with CCS and that should be explicit.
We need a dedicated space for 2.1c in the CMA. And need to uphold the Paris approach to differentiation and not return to bifurcation.
EU2: adaptation - GGA - big issue for many who are at risk - true we need to combine GGA with reflection on GST on adaptation. Helps to streamline simplify and connect to concerns from G77 - happy to engage on that. But also we are committed to double public assistance to go up in adaptation finance as required. But also true that even with that commitment there are things we should not miss. Don’t preempt discussion underway that should be finalised next year, to shift from millions to trillions, to facilitate update on what climate finance means. Pleased with work done so far on NCQG and its elements. We have a work process and should not preempt discussion ls that could enable much more consistent approaches.
We want to recognise what was promised to be achieved at this COP; we want to keep 1.5 in reaches we’re open to work and much more remains to be done.
CEO: we hear your note of frustration and impatience and many share that. We’re here to understand each other, where priorities lie, and come together. The clear pathway is to simplify, clarify, focus. The text provides a broad template, not an effort to exclude too much. Now we find where is the ambition, how to clarify, and to find a historic outcome. The hours and day ahead are when we will.
SAMOA FOR AOSIS: thanks chair. We have specific comments and sent to your team; I focus on general issues. On process, we need a focused discussion on outstanding issues. Tech implementation program is needed. Followup process on GST is important.
Many concerns:
Many of our inputs have not been taken seriously in the adaptation room.
We cannot leave here with 2.5 North Star unresolved.
CEO: I thank you for your words and commitment.
CANADA: support COLOMBIA BANGLADESH EU SAMOA on concerns with elements and North Star
Par 39 does not go far enough and needs to signal to the world to reduce dependency on fossils. We’re the fourth largest fossil producer and believe we can and should go further in this text.
The text doesn’t reflect commitment to align financial flows and financial system per COLOMBIA.
On adaptation it does not serve to mobilize all sources. To go to trillions we need all sources. We understand public finance is the centre of the onion but we need the layers to get to trillions that will support the global south to adapt.
On NCQG what is proposed is tantamount to status quo. My pair and I consulted many of you and the text must reflect our need to shift finance towards climate resilient developments
The language on rights and indigenous is not what we have agreed before and not acceptable to Canada and others and we have words to suggest.
CEO: thanks, very helpful
KAZAKHSTAN for LANDLOCKED LEAST DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: we are vulnerable to many impacts not reflected in the text and LLDC needs need to be reflected.
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: align with CUBA but also SAMOA and BANGLADESH. Acknowledge the work on this text to try to reflect spirit of balance and ambition. But we can still find paths to ambition.
Para 39 is largely inconsistent with para 29 on IPCC recs. Phase out of fossils focus enable the 43/60/0. Need pragmatism - survival. “Could” time has passed. We need collective five immediate reductions. A la carte is not consistent with science. Need actions that countries can take on. Do not want 1.5 to offically die here.
Don’t want to limit L&D to one part of doc - reflect elsewhere too. 84-88 and recognise efforts of developing countries in 149. And include elements in finance section, reference L&D Fund.
CEO: very helpful and clear.
UK: support AUSTRALIA and COLOMBIA. Text recognizes need for urgency, but doesn’t link to matching actions. The North Star of 1.5 is not really kept alive in the doc.
We can’t ignore the global stock take.
Art 39 is a weak energy package which we cannot accept - “could” should be “shall”. That would make this operative. It takes us backward from Glasgow - eg on coal. Unclear drafting on fossils, coal, abatement. Need more urgency and alignment on fossil fuels.
Art 39 inconsistent with art 29.
Chair we need 2035 NSCs to be absolute and linked to 2030 and with followup.
Need action and followup on 2.1C. Need to clarify complementary of 2.1C with art 9 and implementation of Paris central tenet.
Adaptation needs more work on finance and other elements Rs and we can work to get there.
TUVALU: support SAMOA. This draft is extremely concerning, has weakened ambition and urgency. Energy package at 38 does not even come close to the North Star. AOSIS cannot leave here without commitment to keep 1.5 alive. Need strong commitment to action and less is a failure.
On fossils, totally unacceptable. Lack of commitment to phase out and invest in renewables, we have a useless list of options. A backwards step, rather than supercharging the transformation.
This is about survival. We cannot put loopholes in our children’s futures. We must deliver science based actions responding to the global stock take and put all countries back on Paris track. There is no North Star in this text, we know how to read the stars in the Pacific.
NORWAY: in Paris we decided we’d do the GST and raise ambition and action as needed.
We welcome strong P emphasis on 1.5. But we can’t just say, we must do. Support many on para 39. It has good elements, but lacking elements must be strengthened. Could should be “should” or “shall” per UK. Our main export is fossils but we prefer “phase out”. We do see the need for compromise. Best may be “just and orderly transition away from fossil fuels in line with science” plus broader strengthening.
My country believes in CCS and has done it. But it doesn’t solve everything. Should refer to might need to do it for the hard to abate, narrow and where relevant.
Good language on forests and sinks, children. But on women- referred to as non-party stakeholders, rephrase. Human rights should be promoted and fulfilled.
Support stronger on adaptation, more action oriented. Support AUSTRALIA on 2.1C.
But we must take seriously the President. Need solid language on science and 1.5, must reflect transition away from fossil fuels. Happy to work, anything weaker will be statement difficult to sign up to
JAPAN: support P5 on 1.5; p29 on peaking 25, 60, 0. Support para 47 and suggest “absolute” after economy wide reduction target.
Cannot accept:
NCQG must not be pre-empted. Eg reference to public grants does not reflect reality of concessional and private financez.
Par 138 - tech transfer has been addressed through tech mechanism. Delete para.
Request revisions:
HONDURAS: support CUBA and esp COLOMBIA.
Concerned by GST and highlight adaptation.
P36 should refer to developing country parties particularly vulnerable to be in line with Paris.
CFRN says time is short, need balance not minimum thresholds. The issues of those vulnerable are not being well reflected. Ambition and integrity are moving backwards in GST and A6.
Need ambition in 39. Mix of options don’t meet science urgency.
Par 42 - consider deleting “as an alternative to results based payments”.
A6: SB must respect 6.2 and provide guidance. Call on all partners to boldly raise ambition and instill robust integrity in all A6 decisions.
HOLY SEE: welcome efforts of Presidency. V4 is a step backward but we note importance of food language. GST should note. Clear change of direction and path to science. Don’t rob next gen of hope. Two missing elements fundamental to 1.5:
We welcome L&D Fund, but more is needed to deliver. Put in other sections, means of implementation.
Pope said “ if humans can transcend petty interests, COP28 has hope for the poorest and most affected. Keep hope up up and up.”
BRAZIL: thanks especially for the work you’ve been doing. Our human family is very diverse. The task is extremely complex. We come together to choose now to lose in some ways so we choose a different future of common prosperity.
Brazil came here facing a climate emergency with high hopes of international support connecting climate change to sustainable development goals.
We also have specific mandate for GST in line with science and equity. Our thirst for justice makes us human. Outcome must provide for climate justice.
UNSG was clear today: unite around mission for 1.5; and face challenge of fossil fuels. In doing that developed countries must take the lead. Lula conveyed this in opening.
We hope this message echoes in outcome of GST.
Like others we feel the text is huge progress on start of political phase since June. But doesn’t take us to the 1.5
Ready to work to make 39 much stronger.
The balance of science and equity will catapult us to a promising future united in diversity.
Concrete messages:
Such a warm and wise holding container gives us hope. We believe next hours will take us closer to 1.5 science and equity.
SWITZERLAND: start with science. We see La guava questioning the science. It’s not negotiable for us.
Support many others on P39. Needs strength. Chapeau too weak and so is text. Need targets and timelines. Need to track progress.
Our group will use abatements but define and put safeguards. Standards for use of abatement tech.
Su’s bodies text is weak. Need followup.
NDC preparation needs technical work, exchange, cooperation on methods and strong political messages about ambition.
The workshops supported by many should come back in.
P31 roamAP shoud be strengthened.
GGA should be stronger and include means of implementations
Finance - need work program to fulfil 2.1c
Consider rights, gender, indigenous.
LESOTHO: want to comment on GGA for LDC. Appreciate second iteration. Acknowledge challenges but concerned that key asks are still missing. Main reflections:
LDC has shown flexibility on all relevant bodies and experts taking part in development of indicators. Unclear in current text.
Finally thanks to chairman. Need a GGA framework for now more than ever.
CHINA: support G77, will agree with LMDC when they speak.
The draft does not reflect developing views. While stressing urgency, Paris must be given positive and objective assessment to bring hope and confidence. Complaint will damage mutual trust. To describe the process as not on track is untrue, it there are gaps on mitigation means of implementation and support.
It is true that some research report suggests peaking by 2025 but this doesn’t account for means of implementation or realities of developing countries. It cannot form the basis for a global goal. It took developed countries 159 years to peak. Like many developing countries China disagrees with including 2025 peak in the draft. We support sustainable development. Ambition goes with pragmatism to make progress.
Also sectoral goals are not consistent with Paris or GST mandate. Like other developing countries we oppose content that goes against CBDR. Developed countries should make further room for developing. Need financial and capacity support. In forward looking actions specify that developed must fill the gaps, don’t confuse with debt and MDB issues. Also oppose unilateral trade measures and blockades on mitigation technologies.
Must implement Paris based on Paris.
We will provide specific revisions in text.
BOLIVIA for LMDC: support G77. Thanks to Pres for space to express views on text and efforts for needed delicate balance. However we are very disappointed with several elements. Crosses a lot of our red lines and overstep GST mandate and UNFCCC parameters.
Key issues and what to preserve and enhance (details submitted later)
IPCC lacks CBDR RC. Don’t agree with sectoral targets, fossils, peaking, economy wide. Way ahead section is too detailed and unnecessary.
Happy to see contextualisation of IPCC but connect to different timelines for developing.
Timelines for peaking may be shaped by sustainable development t, poverty eradication, different national circumstances.
We have huge problems with para 39. No basis to single out any source of energy, or Phae out or down.
All of p39 goes way beyond scope of GST and Paris.
The chapeau goes in the right direction and GHG. Needs to make developed take responsibility for equitable distribution turn of the carbon budget. Developed have opted out of international agreements while imposing new rules on developing. They grant themselves rights that contravene the rights of the developing.
The powerful are th minority who act to the detriment of the majority.
Para 39 doesn’t recognise different circumstances. We’ve heard a few developed countries call for phase out. But the developed despite having the greatest means are the greatest expanders of oil and gas through 2030. Fair? Equitable? Says lives of developing country people are not valued. Many broken promises over pat 30 years. If they met Kyoto we’d have avoided the climate crisis.
They should hit net negative by 2030 at the latest. Developing countries must phase out right now to be credible.
Deforestation- we cannot support goals to end deforestation in all countries since this reflects different circumstances.
Speaking for BOLIVIA - why should we reach zero deforestation without any finance at all? Some got billions and did not deliver.
Several countries are blocking nonmarket approaches finance.
The para Bolivia introduced on finance is not reflected. Paris speaks of alternatives to market approaches. If parties are blocking this and asking Bolivia to be zero deforestation by 2030, that is totally against justice.
We plead to all to enhance implementation of nonmarket approaches.
Back to LMDC:
P47 - don’t like level of prescriptiveness.
Gap numbers are missing.
Can’t accept prescriptive top down 2.1c language and twisted interpretations.
See prejudging of NCQG and dilution of developed country responsibilities.
We suggest deletion of 100 113 and many subsequent paragraphs.
Way forward language goes way beyond scope. 219,26,26,34,35. Should urge developed countries.
Reference CBDR and more finance, GGA standalone agenda item.
Outline unilateral measures faced by developing countries and make a very strong statement rejecting hypocrisy, lies and injustice.
CEO: we are moving rapidly to midnight, it’s a long day, I see 19 speakers to go, could we please respect each other by observing some brevity in our views, with key issues to accord each other respect befor we go late into the night.
With the 19 - there will be consultations outside this room after the meeting.
ICELAND - supportAUSTRALIA and many others on p39 etc. need to Phae out but find consensus, happy to work with others.
Keep the 1.5 alive. Prevent irreversible changes. Support rights and indigenous.
[calls FRANCE but NZ starts in. NZ is stopped.]
FRANCE: I don’t know what i’ll say to my kids if we agree this text. The 1.5 is essential. V4 falls short on ambition for mitigation adaptation finance and esp energy. Thank the P for work.
P39: strongly reference 1.5c, “shall” not “could”. Phaseout, transition, whatever the objective is zero by 2050. Coal - don’t weaken Glasgow.
BioFuels need a date. CCS is for hard to abate.
Don’t merely encourage NDCs. Restore work program on mitigation. 2.1c is not enough. Mobilize funding at scale to help developed countries meet ambitions. And we don’t see the means that the most vulnerable need.
Only one reference to innovative sources - hares to move to trillions.
CEO: apologies toNEW ZEALAND
NEW ZEALAND: [eventually] draft text doesn’t take steps to 1.5. Support AUSTRALIA and many more.
“Could” is incompatible with maximum ambition. We call on all to use this chance to step up.
CEO: I assume you’re done? Minister?
GERMANY: echo COLOMBIA and many more. Need is high per a29. In contradiction to a39. Many poorer economies worry how to provide the means for phaseout. EU has provided test that would enable better finance, tech and growth.
I have heard about double standards. But if there’s call for electrification and access to energy, we should use the cheapest instruments that are available.
We can’t go against our own EU legislation. We are taking the lead with laws that hit net zero by 2040. We peaked some years ago. Some were worried we wouldn’t go further, so we legislated for no new power plants. The current RET’s would make us reverse that! Would contradict the call for industrialized counties to take the lead. If we must take the lead we need the means.
39 b and e must change. E refers to production and consumption to 2050. Where’s the urgent call re 2030? If it is lacking, strong powers cannot take the lead
39e means those who need finance for renewables can’t get it. It de facto means that fossils can play an essential role in our future. In Africa investment is go to the cheapest energy, renewables; this text means stranded assets
Brazil and others said: let’s unite in diversity. Let’s do that and lead together.
ZAMBIA: align with G77 and thanks Prez for consultations.
Despite many differences here we have made progress and will surely converge soon. Wish you well.
Differentiation should be reflected throughout, with developed tracking lead and leaving space for sustainable development pathways.
Mitigation: missing language on provision of support.
P39 doesn’t reflect our proposals on differentiation with developed taking the lead. 39f needs this too
Finance test is missing on new adequate and predictable finance to new NDCs to 2035.
L&D doesn’t include nwe standalone agenda item
Need new text on sustainable development t and poverty reduction.
IPCC WGII finding in adaptation gaps needs to be reflected.
Need early warning systems across Africa, need IPCC methodological guidance on inventories and adaptation targets.
Well submit more.
USA: [husky Kerry] the Presidency has a lot coming at it and we all appreciate the responsibility you’ve take and willingness to listen to rectify a broad sense we’re not where we need to be.
It’s important that the vast majority of comments so far have focussed on the missing links of the stocktake. Support AUSTRALIA and others, commend GERMANY.
领英推荐
Won’t go through all the pieces but touch o. A couple
P39 doesn’t meet expectations of the world for phaseout and urgent transition to renewables.
It doesn’t meet the test the Presidency has forcefully set.
Chapeau needs to make it clear that parties should continue to global efforts in all the relevant areas.
There are appropriate pleas for environmental justice. We know there is injustice, and much of the world is suffering the legacy of how the developed world provided power. But that’s not a reason to do the same thing all over again.
In Glasgow we took steps on adaptation and at Sharm on L&D. Bluntly the original proposal for L&D was for two years from nOw. We stood up and said no, why not now.
On the hundred billion it will be met this year, but OECD says it was met last year. We have apologised for the withdrawal of the last President Trump from funding and we have striven to be more collegial.
Many of us have called for the world to largely Phae out fossil fuels by 2050. It starts with urgent action this critical decade. Science says we simply cannot get to net zero without action this decade. For island states, vulnerable nations, they need 1.5. It’s about living up to what we said by 2030. If no that, no net zero 2050, no 1.5.
We refuse to be part of a charade. Those people out there are counting on us to deliver.
We’re not asking people to give it up in one year, one decade. Phae out is a reasonable structured process. We’ve done it before! In the 90s a lot of people changed jobs. And guess what, unemployment in many countries is tiny. This is not easy, but doable. And it’s the only way to get the job done.
On finance, we are strongly committed to helping address the climate crisis. Biden has announced $12b/year on adaptation. We want to double, and double that. But be realistic - there are some mistakes in the way the text is drafted and should be corrected to reflect the real finance structure. In re 2.1c and so forth.
GGA is critical and we want one that will stand the test of time. Small adjustments will help that.
The heart of this. In 1973 we had the oil embargo and massive dislocation. During that time of early OPEC, Sheik Yamani said “the Stone Age ended not for lack of stones and the Oil Age will end not for lack of oil.” That’s where we are.
Unless we can capture it all, and nobody thinks we can, this transition won’t happen overnight but we have to get going.
This is the last COP with a chance to keep 1.5 alive. Nobody here wants to be associated with that failure. Not everyone is public life gets the chance to save lives. This is a war for survival. Wende been asked by our countries to represent them. What we do here will decide that. We know now that next year will be worse than this, and this is worse than last. Temperatures will get hotter and some places will become unlivable. We’re headed for 2.5. But promises now can hold us to 1.8, and more this week to 1.7. Our choice is between responsibility and recklessness. We have to come together and be sensible and reflect that in language.
People are looking to us to be serious a d get the job done we came to do. We have few hours. Let’s get it done.
[applause]
CEO: we have few hours to talk, not just to those who agree but those who disagree.
We are back up to 20 speakers now.
EGYPT: thanks for your work, it is t easy, we sympathize and will work to find agreement.
Like others, text needs improvement and streamlining. Will bring specifics later, some as per G77.
Support science but also principles and justice.
Reality check: deliver for headlines or real impact?
Translating ambition to reality requires finance, which is scarce, difficult to access, especially for Africa where it costs 8-9x America.
We’ve listened with open minds, attracted to words and empathy of GERMANY and USA.
On finance, we don’t point the finger. Efforts have been made, acknowledge efforts and difficulty in providing the $100b.
But point to reality: each para here translates to exact figures by dollars and cents. When we get to nuts and bolts we read them with an eye to “can we afford to do this”. And the support is. It sufficient. $2.7t was invested last year, most not accessible and much regular commercial.
We weren’t part of the emissions problem and adaptation is being neglected.
Billions to trillions is starting to work for mitigation because there is a business model. That leaves adaptation without funding. All so far comes from public funding, 98%.
We’ve rehashed a lot of arguments, want to find an accommodation to move forward not with untenable targets; without means for us and many others, it will be impossible to move forward.
You’re asking us to commit to more ambition now, without NCQG.
GGA: need funding for NAPs.
CEO: thanks for reality check
TüRKIYE: we know GST is a difficult task. It’s one of 28 provisions of Paris and its mandate is clear. But this text undermines all principles and lacks balance.
We don’t support the text where many red lines are violated.
P15: red line and special circumstances words have not been touched. GST is under Paris, don’t want red to Convention.
Ref to 2.1c is too early.
Reject reference to conclusions not yet reached.
But can support a constructive discussion process as an outcome.
39 possible consensus needs more effort and understanding and respect for circumstance. We’ll have proposals in writing.
PAKISTAN: thanks P. Support G77. Doc is getting beyond Paris and we can’t support that.
No infringement of sovereignty and national circumstances or development.
Don’t force us to pay the cost of historical emissions.
Climate finance is critical to everything. Can’t achieve without means.
I agree with the North Star, but can’t get there blindfolded and with hands tied. Need scaled up new innovative predictable finance. Genuine hand holding.
Who would know the urgency of the crisis more than us? We suffered century breaking floods affecting z40m. 1m more this year. We will continue to fall and need to get to our feet faster.
We need $150b and haven’t even got the startup money yet.
We need to transition to cleaner energy but nobody in this room knows how to get the finance there.
Text should continue national circumstances and link to clear means of implementation. We will not push our people into a trap of stalled growth and perishing from poverty. We should not breach the 1.5 either.
TANZANIA: support G77 and ZAMBIA, EGYPT and others from south.
Thanks for efforts.
Text needs more on adaptation and resilience for balance.
P29 is very important, but must look re p88, 87, 95 which highlight need for ambitions in 29 to be consistent with resources. Need a clear link.
P33 domestic action: much is happening in our countries. But we’re doing a lot, and it must be combined with means of implementation and avoiding debt traps.
There are areas that need focus. Technology: IP Rights barriers. Some techs are very expensive because of IPR. Hope for opportunity to ensure finance, tech and capacity building are taken into account.human capacity is critical, especially in Africa.
[CEO has subbed out for chair]
PHILIPPINES: thanks chair. GST must be anchored in equity, CBDR RC, differentiations, science, 1.5. Feed co structively into future GSTs and NAPS for course correction.
Needs ref to WIM Santiago network and L&D Fund. So need agenda item on L&D.
Need more just transition paras with MOI. Safety nets to protect vulnerable groups.
Reintroduce capacity building fund and institutional links.
Enhance:
SOUTH AFRICA: thanks for the work in this document. Having listened for over 3 hours, many are emphasising either ambition or equity. I argue if we are to find each other in this debate we need maximum ambition and equity. Ambition without equity will be injustice. Equity without ambition will not protect humanity.
On ambition - it must be. Balanced across mitigation adaptation and MOI.
Need to dramatically reduce emissions this decade, achieve global peaking and transition from fossils and consistent with net zero.
Need timeframes for adaptation and metrics to enhance capacity.
Finance needs clear plan to fill the gap and achieve NDCs and NAPs by 2030
Equity requires CBDR and honoring of historical pledges to meet finance commitments.
Need strong message to global financial institutions that we can no longer wait.
For heavily indebted countries with serious problems accessing markets.
Developed countries must lead the way in transitioning so developing can follow at a pace we can afford and without compromising sustainable development.
Developed must also reach net zero well before mid century.
Need equity and ambition together.
[applause]
CEO: [he’s back]you win a prize tonight because you recognise the work and brought clarity to the table. We have a crisis as a global community. We have to balance maximum ambition and equity. Our challenge in the next hours and the day. Colleagues who accosted me on the way to the bathroom were told it’s about engaging with those you disagree with.
Since Paris we have not found d this balance. As Kerry said, if we don’t do it now we won’t achieve 2030 and may not hit the 1.5.
KENYA: this COP must deliver for all. We must deliver growth and opportunity without pushing further to climate disaster. Need renewables text bolstered with equity and national circumstances.
Planet can’t afford to channel just 6% of RE investment to Africa.
Triple double is welcome but reiterate Nairobi declaration - increasing current capacity to 100Gw in Africa by 2030z
Finance - gap is big. African cost of capital is up to 8 times higher. So out in language about debt sustainability and action in line with science.
GGA needs to be in line with science.
And need market rules that enable countries with green growth potential to trade, as Africa can.
MARSHALL ISLANDS: support SAMOA, thank P for efforts and know you are doing as much as you possibly can. We are with you.
We came here with 1.5 as our North Star but it’s missing here. Short of ambition in all areas.
Solutions cannot compromise our survival. Science must be the basis of decisions, but text undermines IPCC.
P39 unacceptable, a meaningless wishlist. “Commit to” is what we need.
Need a phaseout of fossil fuels. No longer possible to turn a blind eye to the cause of the crisis: all fossil fuels.
We’re in a sorint to 2030.
Inefficient subsidies language is weak.
CCS can’t magic us out of crisis.
Our adaptation need is billions. No idea how we will finance. A strong signal on intent re fossils however will move markets.
We need clear targets to rally behind, including on adaptation.
If we can’t fix mitigation, my country cannot adapt. Above 1.5 there is only loss and damage. And there is not enough money to pay for the loss of a country. Can’t put one desperate need against another.
We are 100% behind equity and justice. The starting point is to guarantee we will continue to exist.
Let’s work to be on the right side of history.
CEO: thank you Tina for sobering and touching words. And for indicating we have the basis for completing with needed fixes.
FIJI: appreciate difficulties, thanks for work. Support SAMOA and many others.
Commitments and action fall short. Dangerous flexibility on critical issues for SIS over a long period. I reiterate the call: be clear on plan to phase out fossil fuels. Peak emissions by 2025, align NDCs, hit net zero by no later than 2050.
No a la carte, it common ingredients for a single dish.
Pragmatism is rooted in science, logic, rationality. We have had to constantly resurrect the science. But we cannot hide from a crisis of this scale. No amount of influence can change cause and effect t. Physics is known. The unknown is what we will do to respond.
We can navigate by the North Star but not with a distant glow. Many have ambitions never fulfilled. Need to be objectives , not just ideals. We can do better and must.
[applause]
INDIA: thank you for tireless work. GST is a crucial step in our collective fight. Endorse BOLIVIA for LMDC. GST is under Paris and must conform to CBDR RC. Historical cumulative emissions must be reflected. Target dates need to be in context of net zero immediately for developed countries and net negative asap.
Paris has a bottom up approach, nationally determined. No need for prescription of action to be taken by others. Trust them. Modulate p39 in this way
Not enough means have been provided. The trillion must be more reliable than the hundred billion.
We will send detailed comments and work for a revised GST draft.
CEO: your presence so late at night shows your commitment to this issue.
RUSSIA: I will speak on Russian, I hope translators are still here.
Thanks for your work.
Retain flexible language without any prescriptive obligations. Any elements should be feasible and have MOI. Text is balanced and reflects priorities.
The temperature goal should be referred to correctly especially re obligations and long term strategies. Need the just transition pathway to be aligned to Paris.
Need different pathways in re. National priorities. Support china on unacceptability of text on peaking emissions by 2025 and net zero by 2050.
Need to recognise more technologies including nuclear
Need to recognise cryosphere.
Support paragraph against unilateral measures.
PARAGUAY: support G77 and progress so far at conference. Support KAZAKHSTAN. LLDCs need to consolidate positions.
P39 needs revision. Violates national sovereignty with mention of non CO2 gases and lacks any differentiation.
Strongly support CBDR. GST cannot go beyond Paris and must respect letter and spirit.
All states must set themselves their own goals, with finance, capacity building and technology transfer.
Must consider food security.
P41 on deforestation is concerning. Need incentives like REDD to help conservancy and surrounding communities. Address illegal deforestation and govt organised crime.
Paraguay is ready to work on alternative paragraph.
SAUDI for ARAB GROUP: support G77 LMDC PARAGUAY TANZANIA AGN.
Thanks to presidency, this document is a very good basis for our work but we have many concerns.
Nobody wants to leave disappointed or having made an unfair deal. It is a positive tone about moving forward and committing.
Urgency and collective implementation are our common denominators.
P39: we’ve been consistent on sectoral targets and punitive or prescriptive targets. We’re all referring to the same science which does not project any phase out of fossils, there is no zero fossils in a world of 1.5. But deep rapids and sustained reductions in GHGs are needed. A variety of methods including RE EE abatement. We are advocating for the science. Don’t cherry pick or distort Paris. So find a landing zone that can say deep rapid GHG reductions and scale of all solutions
P39 is not a political message but an energy package that must work for all and accelerate action for every country.
So it doesn’t require many bullets, inclusive and science based.
This is our bridging proposal from IPCC, happy to discuss.
Second, peaking language: the footnote and context is critical and important. If left, this could have extra words to add not all parties need peak within this timeframe, mention poverty and different national circumstances. Critical.
NDCs : we can commend those who have economy wide all gas targets and encourage others to do so.
Framing within text on 2.1c is very concerning. It strictly interprets a9. We see all of this as nationally determined. Not the punitive prescriptive global nature in this text.
A9 can be strengthened. NCQG should not preempt.
Last, preserve Paris, show its working, show urgency and balance with positivity. Uphold the principles to at have brought us to a completely different trajectory.
GGA: many concerns, but must show ambition on:
Come d presidency and reaffirm commitment to solutions that work for all and do not constrain our journeys
[applause]
[interpretation ceases as it is 1:30am]
CEO: the interpreters obviously have lower thresholds than us.
IRAN: well done President. Support G77 and LMDC. Be pragmatic and realistic, no hypocrisy. If you want success, agree compromise on path forward. No “should” or “shall”.
P39 is beyond Paris mandate. No compromise is possible. We have concerns but will engage constructively for alternate language.
It lacks reference to challenge and barriers such as unilateral measures, sanctions, technology gaps.
Need clear distinction between developed and developing countries, historical emissions and pre-2020.
We will support a successful conclusion.
SOLOMON ISLANDS: support SAMOA. Need to keep 1.5 alive and make world emissions fall. Need rapid and concrete actions this decade to close the emissions gap.
The weak p39 is woefully insufficient. Lack of reference to phasing out fossils, just reducing them, will fail our 1.5 target. Keep 1.5 in our grasp.
QATAR: congratulations President and all for hard work. Align G77 LMDC and ARAB GROUP.
The clouds on the North Star did not form yesterday but with historical emissions. Industrial Revolution evolved over a century under very different circumstances. Need to recognise CBDR and support.
Some text impacts red lines and sustainable development. So go back to Paris in good faith. Need to reduce emissions, not sources of emissions.
Paris is based on national determination, doesn’t call for net zero or sectoral targets but ambitious NDC s. And we have been.
We’re here to unite and support and work constructively. Commend your leadership.
[applause]
PALAU: support COLOMBIA UK and others that text recognizes situation. It does not align with 1.5. Needs clarification and strengthening. Footnote on p29 undermines IPCC and we can’t go down that path.
P39 is critically insufficient and needs time kind fossil fuel phaseout.
Deployment of low or zero e tech is critical and abatement tech has a low role.
“Could” makes us question ambition, change to “shall”.
CCS is for hard to abate, can’t CCS out of this.
Need to scale up public finance.
Responding to Bolivia On carbon colonialism : sustainable development t is not possible on our current pathways. A single typhoon can wipe out our growth. Let’s not cut our nose to spite our face, but take responsibility to save our planet. Will we be bold? Or fearful and distracted with one foot stuck in the past. We call for boldness.
[applause]
OMAN: [starts untranslated Arabic, is reminded there’s no translators, says he must continue in Arabic]
INDONESIA: support G77 and many of its members.
The outcome should reflect increased ambition from all parties on all elements. We agree to base on science, but refer to it in appropriate context.
The text is ambitious and balanced and CBDR needs to be reflected here
We are happy to go through revisions in writing.
MALDIVES for AOSIS: align with G77 and SAMOA.
GGA - this COP must deliver on keeping 1.5 alive. Preamble must reference need to 1.5 as “is essential” not “will be”.
Need to move beyond adaptation to transformation that enhances welfare. Need global solutions. Support LESOTHO on deletion of p24 and support SAUDI on standing item.
MOI for LDCs and SIDS. It’s unclear if timelines will work for SB60.
Work on GGA doesn’t stop here, but need more clarity on work program.
Also SIDS are a special case for sustainable development and that needs MOIreferecnce
Will have other minor comments.
We remain committed to ambitious adaptation outcome.
PERU: support G77 and COLOMBIA. Agree with NORWAY on Indigenous inclusion.
Need more equity to achieve goals.
Rapid strong commitments from all parties that make profound changes for mitigation, including Phae out of fossil fuels. Developed must lead and support.
Urge GST to guide all parties clearly towards 1.5c. We’re here and will stay til we see developing country voices in the text.
IRAQ: we support LMDC G77. Refer a3 Convention. Mention water resources and security. Developed must fulfil their commitments. We refuse mention of global sectoral targets in any text, and mandatory principles. Contrary to PA and Convention. Ignores CBDR and disrupt global economy.
Important to commit states to reduce GHG on all sectors taking account of national capacity.
Remove sectoral targets from all text. We recognise importance of NDCs and long term plans, with support and finance.
2.1c: refuse to include in the text, we want finance flows not barriers to development t and prosperity.
P26 - affordability to some techs is still challenging
P29 is against PA and CBDR. Unrealistic and contradictory targets don’t recognise developing country needs. Remove.
Remove p39 and any text on fossil production and consumption.
NDCs must be nationally determined.
[applause]
CEO: this brings our debate to an end. Thank you all for staying and listening to each other. Needs to be encouraged to find a solution we can all live with. Thank you all for co structure open engagement. We’ve spent a substantial amount of time and you e given us perspective for the next iteration of the text. We’ve made careful note, will reflect overnight, will capture the guidance given.
Tomorrow we will engage bilaterally, there may be smaller group discussions. The real issue here is ambition and equity - how do we deal with the energy transition part of this.
We hope for the best tomorrow, we’re sure you’re here to engage constructively, I ask individuals to engage with each other and come back with solutions.
Don’t expect the next very early tomorrow, but we will make sure you have time for consultation before we reconvene. And have clarity.
CUBA FOR G77: I recognise it’s very early in the morning and our minds might be in chains. You mentioned another iteration text based on discussion. This debate has provided a sense of what delegation are concerned with. I wonder if we could improve the current text rather than a new one. But we’re in your hands and will help bridge differences. If you present a new thing we’ll consider but need time.
CEO: at this stage there is a lot of clarity emerging from comments. Drafting will continue overnight, some will sleep little and some of us have slept less than you. We’ll start with an advance version and rest it with some of you for consensus. And we know ministers are in discussions on possible solutions. We will socialize promising text widely.
We will condense the document and make it much shorter with major issues very visible for political decision. Will be in touch.
Switzerland: to organize ourselves, what could be the earliest time for consultations? When text on GGA MTWP JTWP?
CEO: we’ll assess and let you know in the morning. Have been very focussed on this process but need to find out where others stand.
In morning we probably start looking at clean version ourselves then reach out after 10am.
Please reach out, looking for active engagement. Thank you
[ends]
Coordinator, Clean Energy Ministerial CCUS Initiative & Mission Innovation CDR Mission
11 个月Thanks - hugely informative as regards the discussions in the chambers! Tim Dixon Jarad Daniels Claude Lorea Thomas Guillot Katherine Romanak Carl Greenfield Henriette Nesheim Bernadette Chapman Abdullah Alameer Adam Wong
We participated in this event. ?? https://www.dhirubhai.net/feed/update/urn:li:activity:7138916558759751680
Senior CleanTech Policy Officer in Fed Govt (4 yrs)- Net Zero Industries Division & Green Buildings | Senior Policy Officer-Climate, EV & Energy Efficiency in ACT Govt (6 yrs) | ANU Researcher (10 hrs) | | Views r My Own
11 个月This article and news reiterates importance of higher ambition language - in many parts of the world - dangerous levels of climate change r already here. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-12-12/pakistan-climate-change-disasters-child-malnourishment-education/103059696
Paving the way towards climate-neutrality at thyssenkrupp Steel
11 个月Excellent Work and effort to sum that up! A star from Australia keeping us guided what they say on the 1.5 North Star. Just: thanks indeed!
CEO at HILT CRC | Non Executive Director | Decarbonisation and Energy Transition | GAICD | Exec MBA | FIEAust
11 个月Thank you Tennant