COP28 notes – closing plenary 13/12/2023

[the plenary was convened for a couple of hours after the release of a set of revised texts by the Presidency, which themselves followed extensive consultations following the intense response to the previous texts. Reactions to the new texts will determine whether the COP can now agree decisions and conclude, or go into further last-minute negotiations, or conclude without sufficient agreements.]

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President: I’m grateful for your hard work through the last two weeks and 48 hours. Through the early morning we worked for consensus. The Presidency listened, engaged and guided. I promised to roll up my sleeves and be with you every step of the way. And you did step up, showed flexibility, and put common interest above self interest.

We have the basis to make transformational change happen. Let’s act and now deliver.

I declare open CMA6.

Continue consideration of decisions and conclusions and report on outcomes of consultations.

Global Stock Take – my team and I have undertaken extensive consultations and I express sincere gratitude to all delegations for their engagement and guidance.

[Invites approval of the GST decision]

Hearing no decision it is so decided

[applause, smiles, standing ovation, hugs, grinning President]

President: Let me say salaam aleikum and from the bottom of my heart thank you. We’ve travelled a long road together in a short amount of time. We’ve worked hard to secure a better future for our people and planet. We are all proud of our historic achievement and the UAE is proud of its role in helping.

We all needed a new way and by following the North Star we have found that path. We have found comprehensive agreement on the GST and all other mandates, setting the world on the right path. We have a robust action plan to keep 1.5 in reach. Led by science, balanced, tackles emissions, bridges the gap on adaptation, reimagines global finance, and delivers on loss and damage. Built on commpon ground, strengthened by full inclsuiveity and reinforced by collaboaration. It is e nhanced, balanced, historic step – the UAE Consensus [applause].

Many said this could not be done. But when I spoke to you at the start of this COP I promised you a different sort of COP, that brought everyone together – everyone came together from day one, united, acted and delivered. We operationalised L&D and started to fill the Fund. We mobilised more than $83b in new financial commiements. We launched Alterra, catalytic investor 100% focussed on climate solutions. And we delivered world first after world first. Triple Double, ag, food, health delcarations. Many more oil and gas companies stepping up for the first time to deliver against very ambitious goals and objectives. And for the first time to deliver on methane and emissions.

And we have language on fossil fuel in our agreement for the first time ever. [applause, including from the President himself]

All these are world firsts and crucial actions that will shape a cleaner world with more equitable prosperity.

And this was the first COP to host a change makers Majlis. I felt it was the turning point in our deliverations. You got out of your comfort zones and spoke from the heart. Now we can say we united, acted and truly delivered.

My friends, here let me sound a word of caution. An agreement is only as good as its implementation. We are what we do, not what we say. We must take the necessary steps to turn this agreement into tangible actions. If we unite in action we can have a positive effect on all our futures.

You kept us going furing difficult days. You never gave up on the process, driven by solidarity and willingness to listen. Everyone has been helped – indigenous, youth, global south. We’ve delivered a paradigm shift with the potential to redefine our economies.

We’ve redefined our position on long term finance, embarked on transformative long term action, and unleashed the drivers of a new economic age.

Colleagues and friends it has been a personal privilege for me to guide this conference. Humbled by the commitment I’ve seen and the efforts I’ve witnessed. Grateful to all who made this happen. Thank you – you’ve come in record numbers. You care deeply about the future of this wonderful planet, and so do I. And to the delegates who met me, at 3am, and 4am, and 5am, I say thank you.

I express my deepest respect and gratitude to his Highness Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed for his confidence guidance and constant support.

And to my family whom I have seen far too little lately

And to my team who have worked nonstop

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We have restored faith in multilateralism. We’ve built on the foundations that others have laid, and what we’ve built will stand the test of time. Future generations may not know your names, but owe every one of you a debt of gratitude. We leave Dubai with heads held high, in unity and solidarity we will walk the new path that the UAE Consensus has set for the world.

We will follow our North Star to Baku and Belem and secure our beautiful planet for the many generations to come.

I hope the spirit of partnership inclusivity and peace that welcomed you here follows you after for the good of humanity.

If it wasn’t for your collective effort we would not have been able to achieve this historic achievement.

[president hugs his CEO Adnan]

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UNFCCC EXEC SEC SIMON STIELL: thanks all. We needed a strong signal from this COP of all systems go on renewables, adaptation, finance. We achieved important steps forward. At every stage climate action must strive forward with human development, dignity and opportunity. There will be reams of analysis of the announcements here at Dubai. They are a lifeline, not a finish line. Now governments and businesses need to turn these into real economy outcomes without delay.

And this COP needed to address the real problem – fossil fuels and their impacts. These COPS are consensus based, parties must agree on every comma. This is not easy at all. It underscores how much these conferences have achieved in recent decades – without them we would be headed for 5 degrees, a species death sentence. We’re now headed for under 3 degrees, and mass human suffering. We need to move the needle further. Progress is not fast enough, but it is gathering pace. The human and economic logic are increasingly insurmountable. Fossil costs strain households and public budgets alike. We need to protect 8 billion people, provide better jobs and better health. Harness nature.

What comes next is clear: get on and put the Paris Agreement to full work.

In early 2025 countries must deliver new nationally determined contributions. Every single commitment on mitigation, finance, adaptation must bring us in line with 1.5c world. Countries should submit documentation by the end of next year. We must go further faster and fairer.

Thanks to my colleagues for keeping us on the straight and narrow.

Delegates you deserve to have all the facts you need in good order. So I say the UNFCCC secretariat is now creaking beneath the weight of mandates from the parties with work programs and more. Our budget is less than half funded, so address this or we cannot address your requirements and demand.

Every one of you is making a difference and your voices are needed. So never relent.

We are still in this race. We’ll be with you every single step of the way.

Shukran.

President: I see parties have requested the floor, I ask your indulgence to complete other decisions.

[invites approval of the Just Transition Work Program text]

[approved]

[Proposes it be referred to as the UAE Just Transition Work Program]

[invites approval of the Sharm el Sheikh Mitigation Work Program]

[approved]

Invites approval of the Global Goal on Adaptation text

[approved]

[proposes to call the decisions adopted on L&D, GST, JTWP, MWP, GGA, youth “the UAE Consensus]

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SAMOA: thanks the team but we are confused about what happened. It seems you gavelled the decisions through while the small island states were not in the room. So we deliver the statement we would have delivered before the decision was adopted.

Our ministers have been clear we could not afford to return to our islands in failure. The draft text contains many good elements. We see strong references to the science, together with clear milestones. We welcome the tech implementation program.

The questions AOSIS has considered is whether they are enough. Para 26 and 29 do not secure the course correction, but incrementally improve business as usual rather than step change. We don’t see a commitment to peak emissions by 2025, in line with science. It’s not enough to reference the science, we need to do.

On para 28 we are exceptionally concerned. D) focus on energy systems is disappointing. E) may take us backward with techs that undermine efforts. H has lopopholes and doesnto advance beyond the status quo.

We have asked that 11 be moved to the preamble so as not to rewrite Paris, but were ignored. We need recognition of the status of SIDS and LDCs. ?

We need to secure future generations.

[extended applause, including standing ovation from the EXEC SEC and President. Smiles from SAMOA]

President: Thank you SAMOA, we understand your concern, take note of your statement and will reflect it in the report.

PAKISTAN: Thanks COP President for closing successfully a historic COP. I share a personal reflection. This summer I told my son this was the hottest we are going through. He said ‘no, this is the coolest summer we will see’. Our children are losing hope, but we can restore hope that we will make this a better planet for generations to come. We can build our countries’ unity in fighting climate change. The journey is difficult but not impossible and we are witnessing it right now.

I reassure this forum of our fullest commitment and devotion to meet the Paris targets and build a better tomorrow.

I thank the COP presidency, the UAE, the UNFCCC management, and the entire support staff of interpreters and security staf for their 24 hour support – they need a big round of applause

[applause]

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BRAZIL [ makes a statement in untranslated Portuguese]

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USA: Thanks to you and all. Looking around the room underscores the challenges of bringing 200 countries together and reaching consensus. Everyone here should be pleased that in a world of conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East, multilateralism is taking individual interest and finding the common good. That is the hardest thing in politics. Everyone here should feel good that while we can all find a paragraph or section we would have said differently, would have liked not to be there, that the whole is cause for optimism and gratitude. I am in awe of the spirit that brought us together. And the statement from AOSIS is a clarion call to all of us to implement as fast as we can.

We’re encouraged the UAE has put some things on the table for the first time ever.

And I thank Farhan Aktar and Harold Winkler who provided the technical assessment over the last two years.

This document sends strong messages to the world. We have to adhere to keeping 1.5 in reach, that is the North Star, and we have to do everything needed to keep it. And it says the next NDCs will be aligned to 1.5 degrees. That is the strongest clearest call on 1.5 we’ve ever had. And it speaks to the science of what is needed – peaking by 2025, cutting 43% 2030 and 60% 2035. Halting and reversing deforestation, addressing non-CO2 gases.

And the call for the first time for transitioning away from fossil fuels in energy systems by 2050 so as to achieve net zero. We would have liked other language, but we know this is a compromise needed.

The use of any fossil fuels needs to be aligned with 1.5C. That necessarily means a limited and transitional role, with abatement technologies for the hard to abate.

The GGA decision sets out much more detail on how we will pursue this in coming years.

The GST underscores we must drive investments in climate action on all fronts and shift finance away from things that put our shared prosperity at risk. And developed countries must support our develooing partners every step of the way.

Both GST and GGA emphasise importance of updating Long Term Strategies. USA committed to update by Glasgow, and did. Today we and China can announce we both intend to update our respective Long Term Strategies and we invite other parties to do so.

We look forward to working with all our partners to achieve these ambitions. I believe this multilateral effort here is deeply impressive, the spirit of cooperation is palpable. I thank all for your efforts and for what we’ve accomplished.

BANGLADESH: If I may share a personal conversation when you visited, I said this COP would be a litmus test for multilateralism, and that the UNFCCC depends on consensus, and we’ve never agreed terms of reference. Those were constraints. But unlike the past when we’ve tried to hide behind consensus to protect national posootions, this time we’ve come out of our comfort zones.

Decisions have to be on the basis of science. We didn’t mince our words about the first text. Over the past days, thanks to your work and our collective will in a member-driven process, we have the potential of a game changing outcome for how we look at COP processes.

The 1.5 degrees goal – we’ve made it clear that this is not a political ask. It’s not a pointless statement. It is the absolute upper limit that science tells us we can go to. And it shapes mitigation, adaptation, finance, L&D. The lower the temperature peak, the lighter our costs including for L&D will be.

There will be matters that require further discussion in future, and the 1.5 will guide that.

You said of the Majlis that we enter with problems and leave with solutions. I think we are on the pathway here at COP28 and I thank you.

Trust and solidarity is essential. No text can be perfect, and this text is not perfect. But given continued empathy and solidarity we can build on it. We would have liked more of course; adaptation is a life and death issue and we cannot compromise on lives and livelihoods. The finance delivery should be geared towards action, that is fundamental.

The real test is delivery. We saw this as the Asia COP and we want to show that Asia can deliver.

Everyone starts together. That is the real achievement of this COP. Dubai is a city of dreams and this is a nation that was diving for pearls for thousands of years, now you are aiming for the brightest star of the galaxy.

This was a game-changing COP.

BOLIVIA: There was effort here to transfer obligations from developed to developing countries. We regret to declare that the principles of the Convention and Paris have been weakened further. There is more capitalism and markets but this does not solve the problems they create of inequity and injustice. There must be concrete means of financing developing countries. Developed countries have not decided to change their lifestyles and this is jeopardising others. We see a lot about 1.5 and science but developed countries that plan to expand fossils to 2050 contradict science. The north star is even further beyond our reach. How can we defend Mother Earth without binding commitments and equity? To work towards equitable and fair world, developed countries must phase out fossils right away, not by 2050. The biggest expanders of fossil fuels are the champions of the North Star.

The developed say much about finance. They have no money for climate but plenty for enormous machinery.

They are blocking trade and adding complexity and confusion for developing countries. Developed have opted not to respect their commitments but are adding more rules and worsening injustice poverty and hunger across the world.

These actions constitute carbon colonialism of the global south. We need a paradigm shift ?from procrastination and social injustice and colonialism to a new means of implementation.

But even so we will support the consensus of the pact on the Global Stock Take.

But there are articles that run counter to the Paris Agreement and Convention including on CBDR and equity. We have a reservation on Para 28 because it lacks reference to CBDR or any reference to differentiation between developed and developing countries.

Bolivia’s position is that all our contributions will be conditional on financing by developed countries.

We ask that our declaration be recorded.

[somehow this guy gets a lot of applause]

PRESIDENT: may I ask you to keep to 3 minutes maximum.

EU: We’ve found tremendous willingness to work alongside each other, to team up, bridge divides, and advance. When we’re all long gone, our descendants will be there to deal with all we’ve left for them. The good and bad. That makes this a day of gratitude, solemn satisfaction, silent determination. Humanity has done finally what was long overdue.

30 years we spent to arrive at the beginning of the end of fossil fuels. To deal with adaptation. To get concrete about 1.5 as the scientists have urged so long.

We will stand with AOSIS in unity.

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EU2: we knew that the Paris cycle needed to deliver but we had not done enough. Together we’re working together for climate justice and a more secure future. Not everything is done, but we’ve taken an important step forward.

It’s been 30 years since Rio to focus on fossil fuels. To raise the bar on adaptation. To address loss and damage caused by climate impacts.

We pay attention to what SAMOA and BANGLADESH have said. Climate justice still needs attention in our work. This step forward delivers much more in this critical decade.

We can recognise a little bit from all of us in this package.

Science and 1.5 are at the centre of the package. It needs to drive action on climate.

We need to do much more. Sharp decline in emissions, peak by 2025, 43% down by 2030 and 60% by 2035 is reflected in the text. This needs climate justice. We need to accelerate access to energy for all, retain biodiversity. Adaptation is at the forefront; more needs to be done to ensure common goods such as health, water, biodiversity. Early warning systems are very important. Doubling adaptation is just the first step.

Back home we Europeans are determined. We will achieve more than 55% reduction by 2030 and net zero by 2050 at the latest.

We’re committed not to leave anyone behind. There are many things we miss in this text, but it is a very important step forward we are happy to take with you.

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CUBA: We recognise the importance of the results of this conference. President ahs been decisive in bridging differences in a text reflecting one of the most difficult and complex COPs since Paris. The difficulties we face have many causes including the increase in emissions, closing room to keep within 1.5, characterised as our North Star. But there is a whole firmament of goals to balance including eradicating poverty and achieving sustainable development with equity. Our commitment is firm as you can see from CUBA’s NDC. Our goal is to make our energy matrix entirely renewable, but this is not enough. We need huge resources in addition, in accordance with equity.

The decisions we take here must be consistent with our relativities. The developed have failed until today to meet their commitments to help. The unjust unbalanced international financial architecture hurts us, as does the growing imposition of unilateral measures with a climate pretext, and Cuba is one of those feeling that. Everyone under pressure to accept goals that do not reflect national circumstances should reflect on the history of exploitation and how now we must pay for new debts and obligations. Next COP we should achieve better outcomes. Thank you.

AUSTRALIA: Recognise your personal leadership, patience, tenacity, courage. You’ve made many friends this year. You promised a strong result and today we’re delivering a strong result.

I speak for the UMBRELLA GROUP. We’ve set strong milestones. The Loss and Damage Fund is critical. The Global Goal on Adaptation will galvanise action and support. But the centre has been the future of fossil fuels in our energy systems. We called for more than astep forward, and the world has stepped up. The outcome doesn’t go as far as we wanted, but it acknoeledges the future is clean energy and the age of fossil fuels will end.

87% of the world economy has a climate neutrality target. But the GST shows we need a step change to keep 1.5 in reach. Science shows we need to cut 43% by 2030 and 60% by 2035. Aligning with 1.5 is the north star as we prepare our NDCs, covering all sectors gases and categories. We stand behind the Triple Double and addressing non-CO2 emissions. [something about transport]

We welcome the progress on finance and are pleased the new goal to be agreed next year should draw on the widest range of sources. Nations have evolved since 1992 and our work should reflect that.

We need to provide an empowered future for the communities that have powered us in the past.

We are concerned by the language on human rights. We welcome the recognitionof youth.

The next few years are crucial. We will have bent the curve or we will have lost the future.

On Australia’s behalf, I recognise the role of the Pacific. Their voices are being heard. The urgency of the energy transition is clear. We must deliver.

There have been ups and downs but this is a historic COP and we thank you for your leadership Mr President.

SWITZERLAND for EIG: For the first time the world is coming together on transition away from the resource that has underpinned development, according to science. The future is not fossil fuels and we can’t keep 1.5 alive if we continue to invest in that. Without 1.5 there is no equity.

We need next year the finance package to be more concrete. We need to bring accountability to transition. What happens next year will be critical. The crucial milestone is when countries articulate their new climate targets. We need new NDCs and to peak global emissions by 2025, with more action by all especially those with most to contribute.

We need action across health, ecosystems, mountains, the cryosphere.

It’s clear that we need to align financial flows with Paris. Work under 2.1C is needed to unlock global capital for our shared objectives.

References to rights and equity are important.

We need to strive for highest ambition and listen to science to keep our North Star in reach.

VENEZUELA: thanks all for efforts to get here. You opened pathways to keep working to the goals of Paris. Humanity faces its worst crisis – finance equity institutions food culture. We are among the most vulnerable and have suffered the gradual and increasingly extreme effects, damaging efforts for sustainable development.

Art 28 is open to interpretation and we want the record to show that nothing in A28 reinterprets the meaning of Paris. Developed countries should lead efforts and this should be reflected in the text. No conditions should be imposed on policies of developing countries re finance or technology transfer. No unilateral coercive measures or trade measures on environmental pretexts with negative effects. We’ve fought for CBDR and the right for development. We cannot close without thanking the UAE for its hard work. A great deal has been done but much more is to be done for a pathway to save our planet.

President: 3 minutes max please.

ZAMBIA: One of Africa’s key asks was the Global Goal on Adaptation. Going by the deep spirit of unity and love evident here, we are confident the GGA will grant thematic measurable targets. We’ve agreed the GST, multilateral finance reform, the Loss and Damage Fund and actual commitments to it. We’ve agreed to triple double. The 1.5 target is being maintained. Youth is being included. We can declare that COP28 has been successful. There is more to do but this work shows parties will give ground and more will be achieved.

GERMANY: Thanks President for this great conclusion. Family was in the end most important here. In the critical moment all of us from thought of our family – what will they ask us when we come home? ?This united us in adversity as Brazil said the other night. We know we cannot just continue what we did in the past, this is the moment for moving forward. We decided that we can only save the future for our children together. For all the tears of joy just now, there were other tears just now – we heard from SAMOA and MARSHALL ISLANDS. We feel and see you and know that for you this might not be enough. So for us in EU and GERMANY this is just a starying point. We have started on the transition from fossil fuels and this must be done together. This COP is not just about deciding on renewables, but deciding to talk the path of climate justice together. Thank you to all who made it possible to walk together in adversity. We have shown we can work together if we have a mind to.

SAUDI FOR ARAB GROUP: grateful for the efforts of the Presidency and team and all state parties to get a successful first GST. Its outcome shows the tracks that will enable us to achieve 1.5 in the context of every nation and sustainable development. We must abide by UNFCCC esp CBDR. This principle must be upheld as in Paris and Convention. Paris supports different approaches to reduce emissions in light of national conditions and priorities. The Paris Cycle can reconcile emissions and development. We must reduce emissions regardless of source and use all technologies.

We reiterate the importance of the Global Goal on Adaptation. This also must reflect the Paris principles and the SDGs.

We hope work will continue in discussions on mitigation and support tools.Financial ? and technical help and capacity building will be needed for the next NDCs.

We are proud and appreciate your great efforts and this great success at COP28 in Dubai UAE.

TURKIYE: COP28 will guide all countries, pleased that COP29 will be held in our brother country Azerbaijan. Turkiye as a developing country will keep making its best contribution to global action. Our push to host COP31 continues. And we thank the UAE for warm hospitality. We greet you all in love and respect and note we need a world where innocent children and civilians are not killed.

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COLOMBIA: Thank you to the UAE for its very professional team and commitment.

You have acted with good faith. The text on the table reflects a political reality of this plenary. It is not a process led by the Presidency but genuinely reflects this plenary. Our own president calls this century a struggle between fossil capital and life. We were in intense discussions that have moved a step forward, but there are loopholes that can make difficulties later.

For the first time, science in a deep way influenced the deicsions of the COP. The IPCC reports did not sit on a shelf for acknowledgement but influenced political decisionmaking.

The most important decision is to transition away from fossil fuels. The loophole on energy systems is not minor. But the 43% emissions by 2030 and 60% by 2035 matters, and the NDCs will align with that. The loopholes come with risks. We still don’t have the economic conditions in place for the whole transition we need. We need any city in the South to have the support it needs to adopt electrified transport over fossil.

We didn’t acknowledge, though it is implicit, that the production of fossil fuels needs to start to be reduced to have a transition. Otherwise any new investment will be there for 30 years and not allow the Paris goals to be met.

We only have 6 years to show we can realise in reality what we have put it text.

We have to thank the young people, activisits, indigenous people that came here looking for an answer.

Adaptation was also critical. Thanks for the inclusion of indigenous people, the role of forests, and biodiversity. We can’t solve this without them. Forests are critical and we celebrate the universal early warning systems – that now need to be matched with finance.

We have a responsibility. Intergenerational justice is still at stake in this text. The struggle goes on. I express my deep solidarity sorrow and prayers for the Palestinian people.

President: thank you. Time limit! 3 mins! We still have a long agenda ahead of us.

UK: Thanks to you, and our own Alison Campbell and Joseph Teo, for work on the GST text. I support AUSTRALIA for the UMBRELLA GROUP.

[recognises loss and damage and North Star] The transition from fossils shows the beginning of the end for that era. We too wanted more clarity in many place and understand the concerns of the Islands, that must be heard.

We’re disappointed not to agree more on coal, particularly new coal generation. There are elements we do not like. But the main message should be a common commitment to move away from fossil fuels. We commit to double adaptation finance and that is just the floor.

We face anunprecedented challenge in the climate crisis. But this outcome can be genuinely celebrated.

INDIA: I complement your efforts. [recognises L&D Fund] Our collective will at this COP has sent signals to the world on maintaining the temperature goal set at Paris.

Ambition must be met with means to respond. Let us implement Paris in letter and spirit, be carried by cooperation determination and shared responsibility. We are one Earth, one family with a shared future.

CHINA: Thank you, your team, secretariat, for working hard day and night. And all the cofacilitators and the parties and nonparties who took part in the GST over last two years. China thanks the Presidency for its excellent leadership which pushed for completion of the GST to review achievmeents and gaps, and consolidate the irreversible trend to green low carbon development and send positive signals to the world which are important landmarks.

China’s view is that climate action needs ambition and pragmatism. Pragmatism requires delivering on commitments to means of implementation. Equity, CBDR RC and NDC and the goals of UNFCCC and Paris are the cornerstones of the global process.

It is regrettable that many developing country concerns have not been heard. Historical responsibility means developed countries must take the lead in realising net zero ASAP, speed up energy transition, and deliver support to developing countries so they have the space and support to realise sustainable development.

China’s call is that we have but one planet. We must unite and act together and resist unilateral measures that undermine the global process. China will build a common future for humankind, safeguarding commitments and laws. We’ll implement our national strategy for climate action, realise our goals, boost renewables, cooperate internationally and reach the twin carbon goals.

The GST opens a new chapter for the global climate process and let us build a better and cleaner world.

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EGYPT: The agreement reached today needs followup to move forward. Thanks to the President and UAE team and secretariat. Last year at Sharm we were proud of the agreement on the L&D fund. Today we’re proud it has become a reality here in Dubai. Proud many other outcomes have been reached. With the mutual understanding demonstrated here we’ll be able to collectively build better and move together.

The finance gap needs to be addressed.

MARSHALL ISLANDS: We have a canoe with a weak hull and holes. But we have no choice but to put it in the water. Our families are at risk. Here at the GST we must be honest. We appreciate the effort but making the decision without the most vulnerable in the room is unacceptable. AOSIS and HAC and many others are to be thanked for consistently making the case to phase out fossil fuels and keep the 1.5 alive anthe world livable.

The agreement is a good signal. But with temperatures rising and people dying, it is not enough. We call for a phaseout that is clear and complete. As we sail in the canoe together we call to agree to keep it afloat and get to our destination.

ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA: There are dangerous loopholes here – LNG and natural gas are fossil fuels and we need to transition away from them. We are alarmed that transition fuels may become permanent, especially in developing countries, with high energy costs and stranded assets. Thank you Mr President for the North Star and addressing fossils in the text.

But in the world today finance for fossil fuels is far greater and easier to get than for solar, though it is far cheaper and less polluting.

Article 2.1C is important because the current financial system does not support inclusivity. The financial sector is actively aligned against our needs and we will keep working to change that.

[I had to take a break]

President: [invites adoption of the Work Program on the Global Goal on Adaptation and that it be called the UAE Framework for Global Climate Resilience and the work program be the UAE-Belem Work Program]

[approved]

[financial mechanism report approved]

[WIM and Santiago decisions approved]

[invites decision on finance]

[approved]

[invites adoption of Green Climate Fund decision]

[invites decision on NCQG – decided]

[invites decision on A9 – decided]

[invites decision on Article 6.2] Parties worked days and nights but consultations could not be completed here, I ask SBSTA to continue work at SBSTA60 for decision at CMA6

[invites decision on Article 6.4] Parties worked days and nights but consultations could not be completed here, I ask SBSTA to continue work at SBSTA60 for decision at CMA6

[invites decision on Article 6.8. decided]

[gavels through a bunch of CMP matters]

[CMP adjourned]

[CMA resumes and a bunch of matters are gavelled through]

United States: the proposed decision under the review of the financial mechanism does not respond to the United States’ views. The Paris Agreement is not subsidiary to the UNFCCC and the Agreement states that the Financial Mechanism shall serve the Agreement. We cannot accept review of the Mechanism by the COP only, and insist that the CMA must have a role too.

[Chair: the matter cannot be resolved here and will be forwarded for further consideration]

EU: support USA, regret that at a meeting where we have adopted another financial mechanism that we cannot conduct review under both governing bodies.

AUSTRALIA: Align with the USA and EU.

[more organisational matters, including a strong call from the UNFCCC for money in the bank to enable it to do its job and fulfil party requests]