Controlling Mechanical Loads in TURNING Operations.

Controlling mechanical loads in turning operations is an important factor affecting the quality and productivity of the workpiece. Mechanical loads refer to the forces between the insert of the lathe, the workpiece, and the holder. These forces depend on parameters such as cutting speed, feed rate, cut depth, and insert geometry.

Controlling mechanical loads provides the following advantages:

- Reduces the wear of the cutter and extends its life.

- Increases the surface quality and dimensional accuracy of the workpiece.

- It reduces the vibration and noise of the lathe and increases its stability.

- Reduces energy consumption and operating costs.

Some of the methods used to control mechanical loads are:

- Optimization of cutting parameters: Parameters such as cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut are the main factors affecting mechanical loads. These parameters should be adjusted according to the material of the workpiece, the material and geometry of the insert, and the type and capacity of the lathe. Optimal cutting parameters provide maximum efficiency while minimizing mechanical loads.

- Insert selection and maintenance: Material and geometry are other important factors affecting mechanical loads. The insert must match the material of the workpiece and have sharp edges. As the insert wears or breaks, it should be replaced or ticketed. In addition, a suitable metal removal angle must be maintained between the insert and the workpiece.

- Selection and adjustment of the holder: The holder is the mechanism that fixes the workpiece to the lathe. The holder must grip the workpiece tightly and must not make a centering error. In addition, the holder must be adjusted to the length of the workpiece and supported when necessary. A suitable contact surface must be provided between the holder and the workpiece.

Mechanical loads can cause damage to work equipment such as excessive stress, fatigue, fracture, and deformation. This can lead to work accidents and loss of productivity.

To control the mechanical loads, first of all, the work equipment should be checked periodically. Periodic control is an activity that evaluates the compliance, performance, and safety of work equipment with working conditions. Persons authorized to perform periodic control are determined by accredited inspection bodies or authorized services. Periodic control reports indicate the condition of work equipment and its deficiencies, if any.

In addition to the periodic control, the following points should be considered for controlling mechanical loads in turning operations:

- The choice of lathe should be made according to the characteristics of the workpiece, cutting speed, feed rate, and type of cutting tool.

- The lathe's assembly, adjustment, and maintenance?must be done correctly and regularly.

- During the operation of the lathe, necessary safety precautions should be taken. For example, personal protective equipment such as protective glasses, gloves, and work clothes should be used.

- During the operation of the lathe, the condition of the cutting tool and the cutting force must be constantly monitored. In case of wear, breakage, or loosening of the cutting tool, the machine should be stopped and necessary intervention should be made.

- During the operation of the lathe, the workpiece must be clamped and supported. In case of loosening or slipping of the workpiece, the workbench should be stopped and necessary intervention should be made.

Controlling mechanical loads in turning operations is beneficial both in terms of prolonging the life of work equipment and in terms of occupational health and safety. Having the necessary knowledge and skills in this regard increases the quality and efficiency of lathe operations.

Controlling mechanical loads in turning operations is an important issue for both quality and productivity.

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