Control Flow with if-else and loop statements in Python

?

### 1. Control Flow with if-else Statements

Here’s an explanation along with examples for Control Flow (if-else statements, loops) in Python under the Basic Syntax and Data Types section:

?

The if-else statement allows you to execute certain code based on conditions. It checks whether a condition is True or False and executes the appropriate block of code.

?

#### Syntax:

```python

if condition:

??? # code to execute if condition is True

elif another_condition:

??? # code to execute if another_condition is True

else:

??? # code to execute if all conditions are False

```

?

#### Example:

age = 20


if age >= 18:

    print("You are an adult.")

elif age >= 13:

    print("You are a teenager.")

else:

    print("You are a child.")
        

?

#### Explanation:

- In this example, the program checks if age is 18 or more. If so, it prints "You are an adult."

- If age is not 18 or more but at least 13, it prints "You are a teenager."

- Otherwise, it prints "You are a child."

?

### 2. Loops in Python

Loops allow you to repeat a block of code multiple times.

?

#### a) for Loop

A for loop is typically used to iterate over a sequence (such as a list, tuple, string, or range).

?

#### Syntax:

```python

for item in sequence:

??? # code to execute for each item

```

?

#### Example:

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

 
for fruit in fruits:

    print(fruit)

        

?

#### Explanation:

- The loop iterates over each element in the fruits list.

- In each iteration, the fruit variable holds the current element of the list, and it is printed.

?

#### b) while Loop

A while loop is used when you want to repeat a block of code as long as a condition is True.

?

#### Syntax:

```python

while condition:

??? # code to execute while condition is True

```

?

#### Example:

count = 0


while count < 5:

    print("Count is:", count)

    count += 1

        

?

#### Explanation:

- The loop continues to execute as long as count is less than 5.

- In each iteration, the value of count is printed, and then count is incremented by 1 (`count += 1`).

?

### 3. Breaking Out of Loops

Sometimes, you may want to exit a loop before it finishes. You can do this using the break statement.

?

#### Example:

for number in range(10):

    if number == 5:

        break

    print(number)
        

?

#### Explanation:

- The loop will print numbers from 0 to 4.

- When number reaches 5, the break statement exits the loop, and no further numbers are printed.

?

### 4. Skipping Iterations with continue

The continue statement skips the current iteration of a loop and continues with the next one.

?

#### Example:

for number in range(5):

    if number == 2:

        continue

    print(number)
        

?

#### Explanation:

- The loop prints numbers from 0 to 4, except 2.

- When number equals 2, the continue statement skips that iteration and moves to the next one.

?

---

?

This explanation covers the basics of control flow in Python, including conditional statements and loops.