COMPUTER NETWORK

A computer network is a group of interconnected devices (such as computers, servers, switches, routers, and other hardware) that communicate and share resources with each other. Networks enable data exchange, resource sharing, and communication between users and systems.

Types of Computer Networks:

1. Local Area Network (LAN): A network confined to a small geographic area, like an office or home. High-speed and relatively inexpensive.

Example: Office Wi-Fi or Ethernet network.

2. Wide Area Network (WAN): Covers large geographic areas, often connecting multiple LANs. The internet is the largest example of a WAN.

3. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN): Spans a city or campus, larger than a LAN but smaller than a WAN. Used by governments or universities.

4. Personal Area Network (PAN): A small-scale network for personal devices, such as Bluetooth or USB connections.

5. Virtual Private Network (VPN): Creates a secure, encrypted connection over a public network.

Key Components:

1. Hardware: Switches: Connect devices in a LAN.

Routers: Direct data packets between networks. Access Points: Provide wireless connectivity. Cables/Fibers: Physical transmission mediums.

2. Software: Operating systems, network protocols, and applications that manage and secure the network.

3. Protocols: Rules and standards for communication between devices, such as TCP/IP, HTTP, FTP, and SMTP.

Benefits: Resource Sharing: Shared printers, files, and internet access.

Communication: Email, messaging, and video conferencing.

Efficiency: Faster data sharing and collaboration.

Scalability: Easy to add new devices.

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