Comparatively Speaking: Gene vs. Protein Expression Studies.

What is the difference between gene and protein expression studies to evaluate the efficacy cosmetic products? In this edition of our "Comparatively Speaking" column, Tony O’Lenick asked Nava Dayan, Ph.D., for her thoughts on the topic; the following is her response:

When scientists worldwide began to collaborate in the mapping of the entire human genome, they were under impression that we have more than the approximately 25,000 genes that we actually carry. Perhaps it was human arrogance to think that we are somehow more biologically superior to other species than we truly are. In the process of unraveling our complete genomic profile, we came to the realization that we attributed to genes more control than they actually have.

The “central dogma of molecular biology,” coined by Francis Crick in 1958—in essence, that one DNA is translated to one RNA, and one RNA is translated to one protein that exhibits one function—has been proven inaccurate. In reality, there is more to the epigenome (where “epi” means beyond, above) in controlling biological functioning than to the genome.

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