The common methods of PCBA testing mainly include the following:

1. Manual testing

Manual testing is to test directly by vision, and confirm the component placement on the PCB through vision and comparison. This technology is widely used. But the large number and tiny components make this method less and less applicable. And there are some functional defects that are not easy to detect, and the data is not easy to collect. Thus, more specialized testing methods are required.

2. Automatic Optical Inspection (AOI)

Automatic optical inspection, also known as automatic visual inspection, is carried out by a special detector, used before and after reflow, and has a better effect on the polarity inspection of components. Easy-to-follow diagnosis is a relatively common method, but this method is poor for short-circuit identification.

3. Flying probe tester

Needle testing has gained popularity over the past few years due to advances in mechanical precision, speed, and reliability. In addition, the current requirements for prototype (Prototype) manufacturing and low-volume manufacturing require a test system with fast switching and no fixture capabilities, making flying probe testing the best choice.

4. Function test

This is a test method for a specific PCB or a specific unit, which is done by specialized equipment. Functional testing mainly includes final product testing (Final Product Test) and the latest physical model (HotMock-up).

5. Manufacturing Defect Analyzer (MDA)

The main advantages of this method of testing are low upfront cost, high output, easy to follow diagnostics and fast full short and open testing. The disadvantage is that functional testing cannot be performed, there is usually no test coverage indication, fixtures must be used, and testing costs are high.