Commentary

Addis Ababa, Ethiopia-The discourse surrounding Ethiopian nation-building is deeply complex, shaped by competing ideologies such as ethno-nationalism and Ethio-nationalism, particularly since the 1960s. These divergent perspectives have played a significant role in fueling the instabilities and disagreements that continue to challenge the nation's cohesion. The crux of the matter, however, lies in whether Ethiopia has fully grasped the lessons of its own historical junctures—1974, 1991, and more recently, 2018—where critical opportunities arose to reconcile unity with diversity.

These moments in Ethiopian history were pivotal in shaping the trajectory of the nation. In 1974, the collapse of the monarchy offered a chance to restructure governance inclusively, yet it was marked by authoritarian rule under the Derg. Similarly, in 1991, the fall of the Derg and the rise of the federal system under the EPRDF could have provided a framework for fostering unity in diversity, but it often leaned toward divisive ethnic politics. The political changes of 2018 brought renewed hope for reform and reconciliation, yet Ethiopia remains at a crossroads.

The broader question is whether Ethiopia can draw inspiration from global history, such as the unification of Germany in 1871 and Italy in 1861. Both nations overcame significant internal divisions to forge unified states, subsequently rising to become influential global players. Their experiences underscore the potential for strength through unity, even in the face of initial fragmentation. These examples remind us that disintegration seldom yields progress, while unity—balanced with respect for diversity—can pave the way for a stronger, more prosperous future.

In Ethiopia's case, federalism remains a practical and viable framework for governance in such a highly diverse society. Federalism, when implemented with sincerity and equity, allows for the preservation of cultural and ethnic identities while fostering national cohesion. The principle is simple: respect for one another and the celebration of diversity can become the foundation of a shared future.

Disintegration brings nothing but instability, weakened sovereignty, and lost potential. Conversely, unity offers the promise of stability, progress, and collective strength. As the U.S. founding fathers wisely declared, "Divided we die, united we stand." It is a call for Ethiopians to recognize the immense value of unity, to learn from the past, and to work collectively toward a future where diversity is not a source of division but a cornerstone of shared strength.

Wake up, Ethiopia! The time to embrace unity and mutual respect is now.