Commemorating January 9th: Panama's Martyrs Day

Opinion Piece by: Attorney José Pierce

January 9th is an indelible date in Panama's historical memory, a day that transformed the course of its sovereignty and relationship with the Canal. This commemoration, known as Martyrs' Day, recalls the bravery of students and citizens who peacefully rose up in 1964 to demand the right to raise the Panamanian flag in the Canal Zone, a territory under U.S. control.

The outbreak of the conflict began when students from the National Institute decided to march to Balboa High School with the intention of raising the Panamanian flag. This symbolic gesture, motivated by years of tension over national sovereignty, led to a confrontation after the flag was torn into pieces, provoking outrage and massive demonstrations throughout the country.

The outcome was tragic, taking a heavy toll with multiple injuries and the loss of approximately twenty lives, including young Ascanio Arosemena, who became a symbol of sacrifice when he was hit while helping other demonstrators. This incident had a profound impact on Panamanian society and marked the beginning of an irreversible path towards the recovery of full control of the Panama Canal.

The courage demonstrated on this day not only solidified the nationalist spirit, but also encouraged important diplomatic reforms. Panama, under the leadership of President Roberto Chiari, broke diplomatic relations with the United States, an unprecedented act that underscored the country's determination to regain its sovereignty over the Canal. International pressure and domestic mobilizations eventually led to a new chapter in bilateral relations. The diplomatic break paved the way for negotiations that would eventually redefine the relationship between the two nations.

The path to the full transfer of the Panama Canal was neither immediate nor easy. However, the events of January 9th, 1964, set the stage for progress. The protests and sacrifices of that day raised international awareness of Panama’s struggle, leading to increased support for its cause. Over time, this pressure contributed to the signing of the Torrijos-Carter Treaties in 1977. These agreements outlined a clear timeline for the gradual transfer of management of the Canal from the United States to Panama, culminating in full handover on December 31st, 1999.

Martyrs' Day leaves us with an enduring lesson: sovereignty is not granted, it is conquered with courage and unity. This spirit of dignity is a living legacy that should inspire present and future generations.

Knowing Panama's history is important for citizens, but also for residents and foreigners who want to make this country their home. Understanding past struggles enriches the sense of belonging and respect for the nation. Let us always remember that the past is the root on which the identity of a people grows.

As the nation reflects on this historic date each year, it is an opportunity to honor those who gave their lives for the cause of sovereignty. Their bravery and determination remind us that progress often comes at a high cost. The lessons of January 9th, 1964 remain relevant today, urging us to value unity and stand firm in the face of challenges. By remembering and honoring this day, Panamanians reaffirm their commitment to the values of justice, independence, and national pride.