Codes, Standards, and Specifications

Codes

Codes are generally the top-tier documents, providing a set of rules that specify the minimum acceptable level of safety for manufactured, fabricated or constructed objects. These may incorporate regulatory requirements and will often refer out to standards or specifications for specific details on additional requirements not specified in the Code itself. Examples of some commonly used Codes are the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (B&PVC) and the AWS D1.1 Structural Welding Code – Steel. The B&PVC covers pressure-related equipment from refineries and unfired pressure vessels to nuclear power generation, and the AWS D1.1 Code covers welded structures of all types.

A code is a standard that has been enacted into law by a local, regional, or national authority having jurisdiction so that the engineer or contractor is legally obligated to comply with the code. Noncompliance can result in being prosecuted. The code may be an industry, government, or voluntary consensus-based standard. A code can include references to standards, which means the standards are incorporated by reference and therefore are part of the code and legally enforceable.

Standards

Standards are documents that establish engineering or technical requirements for products, practices, methods or operations. A standard consists of technical definitions, procedures, and/or guidelines that specify minimum requirements or instructions for manufacturers, installers, and users of equipment. This can be done by specifying either the methods or the results; the latter is known as "performance specifying." Most importantly, a standard provides standardization or agreement within the industry, which translates to a common reference among engineers, manufacturers, and bidders.

In the United States, there are several types of standards, but engineers are most familiar with "voluntary consensus standards" such as?ASHRAE Standard?90.1,?ASTM D975,?IEEE SI-10,?NECA 1, and?NFPA 70.

Specifications

Specifications provide specific requirements for materials, components or services and are often generated by private companies to address additional requirements applicable to a specific product or application. Specifications are often listed in procurement agreements or contract documents as additional requirements above and beyond code or standard requirements.

References:

1. ASNT.org
2. csemag.com

3. Abdulkader Alshereef

- ?????? (ATV) ?????????

https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1hT7NVuwaHiBXiuYT4ERk6CNZ2I1GSpQ1?usp=sharing

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2- ?????? ??????? ??????? (ISO)

https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1AoDb3Xs1bh-otJYJYwcXWQ2KgKaaBT9Z?usp=sharing

3- ?????? ???????? ??????????/????????????? Australian/New Zealand Standard (Accessed by JOHN HOLLAND GROUP)

https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1xQeXlgq2wDgX8p3xZX8e69NLNhDJsDCw?usp=sharing

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1- ?????? ????? ?????? ????????? (AWS)

https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1LamaqCuroRAZMJUw_3HBV7b-AilWMWbS?usp=sharing

2- ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? (AWWA)

https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1J2vOJ_5JsRuvpHs-MGhCBSkLJm5DcBvs?usp=sharing

3- ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? (DIN)

https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1aNK-WRRV09EcQknmHZf-OFVMkMm_XNOw?usp=sharing

4- ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? (ISA)

https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1G2X1l1SYw_jO2d_l09cgmOL-BxltOxMy?usp=sharing

5- ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? (NACE)

https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1BVCIl7sPkeiCPWoaLm5nGwDhR_yb6Bkc?usp=sharing

6- ?????? ???? Austroads ?????? ????? (Road Design Austroads standards)

https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1iAYgtUdQBDmoZvRcndzj5crFv50F9ah3?usp=sharing

7- ?????? ???? Uhde

https://drive.google.com/open?id=1HWrCA56fyAC_DWOo5VOHcDV7HWB3HiHx

8- ????????? ???????? - ????? ??????? ?????? ????????

https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1WEWqJq2YBjfIVKANX02Arq6ahem54I76?usp=sharing

9- ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??????? (ASTM)

https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1sUfbE1gQD_B6c_PoYPzbqUmqZrWPR8g5?usp=sharing

10- ???????? ?????????? (Australian Standards)

https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1po_wYQGYoCQ40Lgo7wIyb2fvvkLq71bv?usp=sharing

11- ???????? ???????? ????????? (JIS)

https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1yGdR4HUTxBZd8_cYENecqzphwnbYX-5J?usp=sharing

12- ?????? ????? ????? ????????? (AGA)

https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1z_pNId0a7ikOlIjNLWsPlCX0kocK_-fo?usp=sharing

13- ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? (ANSI)

https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1Tk9IziL-2GoGWw63EgoGf2AwNTfeyeve?usp=sharing

14- ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? (API)

https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1oCfpaZtWDczWgrZcOZhygjnTZzqhOlkc?usp=sharing

15- ?????? ???? ?????? (ARAMCO)

https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/18hv9ulLBxY0YxO1eUBmf0vYcInRlN0aw?usp=sharing

16- ?????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ???????????? (ASME)

https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1pgiG8KPJoLQH8--wT9odDKgpME1EsCZS?usp=sharing

17- ???????? ?????????? (BS)

https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1rVm9Fdo-VMR46v4ghXlJpvLpu7iW7e3C?usp=sharing