CMS (Content Management System)
What is CMS?:-
A CMS is a platform that helps developers create a good tool for editors to edit content. It makes a website easily updatable as it’s a way to edit your content without having any coding knowledge.
?CMS handles things like?:-
i.?Creating and managing content.
ii.?Being able to have multiple users.
iii.?Assigning different levels of permissions to each user (i.e. some users can only edit blog articles, some can edit everything, etc.)
iv.?Managing some sort of media library (images and videos, etc.)
v.?Being able to edit and create content in a easy way like a quick edit tool.
vi.?Being able to automatically form clean URLs based on what Google would want.
vii.?Automatically generating a sitemap for you when adding content so that Google can just read that and you don’t have to manually create it.
?Types of CMS?:-
1.?Component Content Management System?:
??A?component content management system(CCMS) differs from a standard CMS in that it organizes content at a granular level. Instead of managing content page by page, it takes words, phrases, paragraphs, or photos (also known as “components”) and stores them in a central repository.
??Designed for maximum content reuse, components are only stored once. The CCMS acts as a consistent trusted source that publishes content across multiple platforms, including mobile, PDF, and print.
2. Document Management System (DMS)?:
??Paper is almost extinct. Tracking business files on paper is a thing of the past. A document management system (DMS) offers a paperless solution to manage, store, and track documents in a cloud.
???It provides an automated solution for uploading, processing, and sharing business documents without the hassle of printing, copying, or scanning.
3. Enterprise Content Management System(ECM) :
??An enterprise content management system collects, organizes, and delivers an organization’s documentation, ensuring critical information is delivered to the correct audience (employees, customers, business stakeholders, etc.)
4. Web Content Management System (WCMS)?:
??A web content management system lets users manage digital components of a website without prior knowledge of markup languages or web programming.
??A WCMS provides collaboration, authoring, and administration tools to help manage digital content.
5.?Digital Asset Management System (DAM) :
??A digital asset management system lets users store, organize, and share digital content with ease. A DAM offers a simple, centralized library where clients, employees, or contractors can access digital content.
???These assets include audio, creative files, video, documents, and presentations. A DAM is cloud-based, so users can access content from anywhere.
?The most common CMS Security Vulnerabilities?:-
1.?SQL Injection :
??SQL injections are among the most common attacks on CMSs.
??SQL injection is similar to other injection attacks because it introduces arbitrary SQL code into the database layer, enabling attackers to issue direct database commands and manipulate the database as if it were the CMS user.
2.?Brute-force Attacks?:
??Brute-force attacks can be carried out by almost everyone since they involve entering multiple login credentials over a period of time until the right one is discovered.
??Some CMSs don’t limit the number of login attempts by default which means that users leveraging those CMSs are exposed to brute-force attacks which enter hundreds or thousands of credentials until they find one that works.
3.?DDoS?:-
领英推荐
??Distributed denial-of-service is an enhanced version of the denial-of-service attack where a malicious actor sends a large volume of requests to a server with the purpose of making it crash or inaccessible to its intended users.
??DDoS attacks are often executed via many different machines and also known as botnets which hide the origin of the requests.
4.?Arbitrary Remote Code Execution?:-
??While arbitrary code injection requires more resources than other kinds of cyberattack, injecting code into a website or app can have nefarious consequences to the users’ privacy and data.
??Arbitrary remote code execution makes use of any attack surface and sends a piece of PHP code to the remote execution environment which in which it runs without proper security will run as if it were from the user, opening remote backdoors for attackers to gain access to the target environment.
??This type of attack can compromise nonSQL databases
5.?Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) :
??This type of CMS vulnerability exploits the client environment within the browser which allows an attacker to inject arbitrary code onto the target’s instance and environment.
??This attack occurs on the client side, which means that it can compromise sensitive user data and allow for manipulation of the databases and stored variables.
6.?File Inclusion Exploitation?:
??File inclusion vulnerabilities are often found in poorly coded sites. This kind of vulnerability occurs when a site allows users to input or upload files to the server and the PHP code does not?validate the input resulting in malicious files being delivered to the server.
??In file inclusion exploits, users can gain access to sensitive data when the servers are misconfigured or the user has high privileges.
How to Prevent CMS Vulnerabilities :-
??When choosing a CMS, choose one where the vendors handle maintenance and updates, that way you will mitigate the risks of not updating.?
??Perform regular database backups.
??Sanitize and restrict user input to prevent injection attacks.
??Use strong passwords and store them as encrypted values
??Always use SSL certificates on your web server.
??Rename admin directories something other than ‘admin’ .
??Keep track of the latest vulnerabilities of your CMS.
??Leverage two-factor authentication for an additional layer of security.
??Scan your website using penetration testing tools.
?WordPress Security Scanner Tools?:-
??Geekflare
??SUCURI
??Hacker Target
??Detectify (Vulnerability scanner)
??WPSEC
??Security Ninja (Plugin)
??Pentest-Tools
??WP Neuron
??Quttera (Plugin).
?