The Close Protection Book

The Close Protection Book - REVISED & UPDATED EDITION Available November 2022

The most thoroughly comprehensive detailed account of Close Protection to have ever been published anywhere in the world.

The most relevant and accurate interpretation of one of the world’s most unusual and secretive professions, this book provides a no-holds barred depiction of Close Protection containing specialist advice and guidance gained from operating at the pinnacle of both government and private sector CP operations around the world. Compelled to write a book as a result of his abhorrence of the standards imposed by the British Government regulator, the author scathingly criticises the United Kingdom’s Security Industry Authority and the Home Office, and outlines the travesty bestowed on not only those new to the industry but those who have operated in the role on behalf of the Government in their capacity as members of the Royal Military Police Close Protection Unit, Royalty and Specialist Protection and UKSF.

In 2012, I published my first book, Close Protection - A Closer Observation of the Protection Equation, as a result of experiencing first-hand the blasé attitude towards Close Protection by the SIA, the Office of Qualifications and Examinations Regulation (Ofqual), Awarding Bodies and other assisting organisations together with a combination of both a frustration of the deplorable commercial training and operational standards on display, other publications on the subject and a passion to strive for industry excellence in this elitist role.?The book subsequently went on to become the internationally leading publication on Close Protection, having been ordered by government protection units responsible for the protection of Presidents, Prime Ministers and Heads of State throughout the world, security departments of Embassies & Consulates and NATO HQ, Central Security and Protection Division/Centre for Knowledge & Expertise, The Hague, commercial training providers for use as their training manuals and student reading. It has been used as a referenced textbook by degree academics in the fields of criminology and security & risk management, ordered by academic, public, government, corporate and specialist libraries including the Royal United Services Institute (RUSI) in addition to being translated into Arabic with publication rights being acquired by The Emirates Centre for Strategic Studies and Research.

A decade later, in 2022, as a result of research and lobbying the Government throughout the previous 16 years, I confirm the SIA as being merely a vehicle to rationalise the obscene imposed by the United Kingdom’s Home Office with their focus and priority of protecting the?revenue in taxation the private security industry generates and to reduce the payments made by the Welfare State.?I also confirm, that contrary to the instructions dictated by the Private Security Industry Act 2001, the SIA is a servant of the Home Office and by design, must fully comply with the Home Office's demands and remits. This book unearths the closed door response when challenged, of both the Home Office and the SIA, the failings of getting people into work using a specialist occupation as its mechanism, the reprehensible approach to the selection and training of private sector Close Protection operatives and the disastrous recognition of prior learning of those who conducted the role within a government service.

As a direct consequence, this book has been written to provide the investigation into the restrictions and limitations imposed on operational performance and the workaround solutions for best practise. From the lack of private sector industry entrance benchmarks to poor training, to poor contract service providers, to laws, to budgets, to Governments’ prying eyes, this book will unearth and highlight the problems, difficulties, complications and underhanded practises of the commercial Close Protection world, whilst providing the necessary solutions to maximise CP operations to an effective, workable and professional state.?The aim of this book is to right the wrongs, to correct the methods of ‘best practise’ contrary to those stipulated by industry authorities, organisations, training/ service providers, and online commentary; to provide realistic, practical and effective advice concerning methods of operation and tactical doctrine to detect, confirm, identify and thwart any hostile action whether the nature of it be technical, physical or socially engineered from tactics, techniques and procedure that have been both personally tried and tested in most countries and in all threat regions throughout the world.?The book is less concerned with those requirements of a red-carpet celebrity nature or those so often used as a ‘life-smoother’, but more aligned to the high-level international corporate world where real threats to life exist both direct and environmentally generic, and where the presence of UK and foreign government interest invokes operational practise not required or experienced at the lower end of typical CP provision. It is written from the perspective of a UK based BG/ CPO who undertakes ad-hoc operational deployment in both the UK and on foreign soil. The approach to tactics, techniques and procedure, laws, equipment and the very general nature of CP that remains the same regardless of your country of origin. Not as a conflict between real world versus text book – but as a real-world text book.

This new Revised and Updated Edition is divided into two parts;?Part 1, The Ascertainment of Operational?Performance?and?Part 2,?The Ascertainment of Foul Play:

Part 1, The Ascertainment of Operational Performance?examines and determines the requirements for maximising the effectiveness in operations.?From candidate selection to training to operational conduct and best practise, the content will not only highlight the omissions of imposed regulatory standards and hence, course content of training providers but will, as a result, serve as a manuscript to benefit training processes to enable an individual to function effectively in the operational environment.

Part 2, The Ascertainment of Foul Play?examines the very beginning of any hostile threat action;?Surveillance,?and will expound protective security operational conduct to detect, identify and thwart those hostile actors using a real example of where the author detected, disrupted and compromised a UK government surveillance team on his client, the surveillance operation critique, the subsequent 3-year complaint process and the conclusion. This publication delivers all the facts that work in concert and conflict to the provision of professional Close Protection within the private sector whilst providing best practise solutions when and where they [legally] can be utilised.

Having been delivered to over 60 countries,?Close Protection – A Closer Observation of the Protection Equation?First Edition quickly became the leading publication on Close Protection. Effective, realistic and bluntly to the point, the book covers all aspects concerning operational and training requirements for both typical corporate and hostile environments without the inclusion of subjects that are simply not required.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

“Close Protection Operational Performance is the performance of a?business, organisation or operative against prescribed standards where the objectives of speed, flexibility, quality, costs and dependability are fulfilled or accomplished against a promise, contract or obligation according to its terms.”

The following Table of Contents have been carefully selected according to the relevance of the above definition within the commercial theatre of operation throughout all threat environments. Close Protection operations are not restricted or limited according to area of operation. Neither should Close Protection training, knowledge and expertise.

?

Foreword by General Sir Rupert Smith KCB DSO OBE QGM

About the Author

Notes

About this Book

– United Kingdom’s Official Secrets Act

– DMC Whitehall, London

– DSMA Committee

– Pictoral Content

– Equality and Human Rights Commission | Article 10

List of Abbreviations and Terminology

Preface

– The State of the Industry

– The Government Regulator

– The Aim of this Book

Introduction

Part 1?

The Ascertainment of Operational Performance

Chapter 1

Close Protection Operational Performance – Defining the Route of Our Purpose

– Defining Close Protection Operational Performance

– How Do We Define Operational Success?

– Operational Success or Operational Completion?

– Components Influencing Operational Performance

– Competency Components of a CP Training Candidate

– Competency Components of a CP Training Course

– Competency Components of a CP Training Provider

– Competency Components of a CP Service Provider

Chapter 2

What Makes a Good Close Protection Operative?

– Requirements & Attributes

– THE BODYGUARD – how he stands – where he puts his hands

– Minimum Age & Life Experience Requirements

– Mental & Physical Fitness Requirements

– Training & Selection Objectives

– General Attitude and Bearing

– Appearance and Blending In – The Basics

– Appearance and Blending In – Operational

Chapter 3

Close Protection – The Basics

– Personal Security

– Personal Situational Awareness

– The Colours of Awareness State – ‘Cooper’s Colours’

– Situation awareness – Accept the threat exists

– Avoid routine

– Follow security procedures

– Exercise common sense and initiative

– Remain anonymous or show of strength

Chapter 4

Composition of a Close Protection Team

– The Close Protection Team Leader

– Second in Command

– Personal Escort Section

– Level One

? Duties of the PES

? Planning

– Level Two (CAT – Counter Attack Team/CST – Counter Surveillance Team)

? Composition

? Equipment

? Duties of PES Level Two

? Planning

– Security Advance Party

– Planning

– Reconnaissance

– Recce Reports & Surveys

– The Location

– The Operation

– CP Team Responsibilities

– Team Q

– Vehicles

– Medical

– Communications

– Overall Team Member Responsibilities

– Bodyguard

? Role

? Resposibilities

– Personal Escort Section (Level 1)

? Role

? Resposibilities

– Personal Escort Section (Level 2/CAT)

? Role

– Security Advance Party

? Role

? Resposibilities

– Residence Security Team

? Role

? Resposibilities

– Yacht Security Team

? Role

? Resposibilities

Chapter 5

The Role & Responsibilities of the Bodyguard

– The Close Protection Team Bodyguard (CPT BG)

– Role

– The Individual (IBG)

– Principles

– Considerations

– Pre-op Preparations

– Appearance

– Etiquette, Protocol and the Principal’s Staff

– Operational Effectiveness & Efficiency Impacted by the Principals Staff

– The Reputation of One is the Reputation of Many

– Delusions of Grandeur

– Outlook of CP from the Boss’ Perspective

Chapter 6

Threat, Risk & Vulnerability Assessments

– Risk = Threat + Vulnerability

– Nature of Close Protection Operations

– Principles of Close Protection

– Threat Categories

– Protection Levels

– Persons Posing the Threat

– The Purpose of a Threat & Risk Assessment in a CP Environment

– How do we Actually Quantify it?

– Assets Identification

– Threat Assessment

– Risk Assessment

– Vulnerability Assessment

–?Recommendations

– Acceptance of Risk and Risk Management

– Why is the Principal a Target?

– The Surveillance Threat

Chapter 7

Operational Planning – ‘Could’ve. Should’ve. Would’ve.’

– Why Do We Have a Plan?

– Operational Planning Cycle

– Notice of Intended Travel

– Categories of Protection

– Levels of Protection

Chapter 8

Residence & Estate Security

– Residences of Principals

– The ‘Four-Ds’

– Outer Cordon

– Intermediate Cordon

– Inner Cordon

– BG/RST

– Recommendations

– Composition of the RST

– Initial Actions by the CPTL

– Actions by the RST (Non-Permanent Residences)

– Actions by the RST (Permanent Residences)

– Internal Features of a Residence

– VIP Suite

– Guest Rooms

– Public Rooms

– Staff Quarters

– Ops Room & RST Accomodation

– Residence Security – Worst Case Scenarios

– Media Intrusion

– Hostile Surveillance/Counter Surveillance

– Sniper

– Multiple Simultaneous Perimeter Breach

– Residence Security Over-Run – Multiple Hostiles in Grounds and Unsighted

– Fight Through

– Containment

Chapter 9

Fitness & Unarmed Combat Training

– Physical Training

– Physical Resilience & Mental Fortitude

– Mobility & Physical Impairments

– Close Protection Medical & Physical Fitness Assessments

– The SIA Influence

– The Drivers Medical Group

– Unarmed Combat Training (Close Quarter Combat/CQC)

– Principles of CQC

– Action Beats Reaction

– Aspects of Conflict

– Control & Restraint – It’s Place?

Chapter 10

Close Protection Communications

– The Basis of All Operations and Planning

– Team Comms

– Radio

– Wired

– Wireless

– Full Duplex Communication

– One-Way Communication Systems

– Transmitter

– Radio Voice Procedure

– Carriage of Comms and Ancillaries

– IPod Style Ear Buds/Earphones

– Mobile/Smart Phones

Chapter 11

Reconnaissance

– Introduction

– Conduct of Ops

– SAP briefing & Reece with Drivers

– Liaison

– Photos, Video & Mapping

– PUP’s & DOP’s

– Routes

– Scheduled & Unscheduled Locations

– Private & Commercial Air Terminals, POC’s

– Hotels

– Restaurants

– Offices

– Other Locations

– Hospitals

– Police Stations & Government Buildings

– Local Crime/Local Threats

– Operational Movement in Detail

Chapter 12

Walking?Drills?Skills

– Team & IBG Walking Skills – A Practical Consideration

– Close Protection Operational Tactics, Techniques & Procedure

– Prior Knowledge Available of the Boss’ Presence in a given area by the threat – (scheduled or unscheduled)

– Time of Day and Length of Walk

– Areas Walking/To be Walked

– A Busy of Quiet Street Scene and Densely Crowded Areas

? ‘The Elastic Band & Coiler Spring Effects’

– Vehicles Passing

– Vehicles Parked

– Open Areas – Flat & Undulated Terrain

– Large Department Stores and Small Shops (Entrances and Inside)

? The Store Entrance

? Inside

? The Store Exit

? Small Shops

– Escalators

– Elevators

– Stairways

– Hotels

? As a Guest

? As a Visitor

?Drop off nearest to hotel entrance

?Vehicles to Remain as Close to the Hotel Entrance as Possible

?Points to Note

?Boss Enters the Hotel

?Boss meets with associate in lobby

– Designated Office Building

– Other Residences

– Red Carpet Events & Media Presence

– Crossing Roads

– Street Corners

– Subways

– Tramps & Street Beggars

– The Beach

– Running

? Route Recce

? SAP

? The Event

– Restaurant

? Scheduled

? Unscheduled

– Nightclubs

– Accompanying Person(s); family members including children, other well-known personailities

– CPT Vehicles

– Walking Formations

? Textbook Flaws

? Thinking Outside the Box

Chapter 13

Use of Close Protection Vehicles

– Introduction

– Reasons for a VIP Protection Driver

– Reasons for a Back-up Vehicle

– Vehicle Selection

– Area of Use

– Role of Use

– Armoured Vehicles

– History

– Current Standard

– Principles of Vehicle Protection

– The ‘Real World’

– The Threat Versus The Protection

– European Normalisation Standards (EN)

– National Institution of Justice (NIJ)

– European B Standard

– Run-Flat Tyres

– ‘Custom’ Soft Skin Vehicles

– Reinforced Windows

– Tinted Windows

? Current Legislation for Window Tints – The Law

? Implications for the Vehicle Owner

– Disabling Vehicles Airbags

– Rear View Mirrors & Vehicles CCTV DVR

– Ramming Bars

– Disabling Interior Lighting

– Electric Vehicles (EV) and Provision of Protective Security

Chapter 14

Advanced Driver Training

– Knowing your Vehicle

– Vehicle Search

– Immediate Area Search (IED’s)

– Under-Vehicle IED’s (UVIED), Trackers & Bugs

– Police Advanced Driving – ‘Road Craft’

– Standard Response

– Advanced

– Observation

– The Police System of Car Control

– Close Protection Observation

– SIA Statement

– Working with Employed Chauffeurs

– Use of Door Locks

– Use of Seatbelts

– Use of Windows

– Positioning in the Vehicle

Chapter 15

Tactical Driving (Protective Mobile Skills)

– Introduction

– Reasons for Tactical Driving

– Stationary & Mobile Positioning

– Driving for the Boss

– Driving in Convoy

– Positioning & Observation

– Convoy Control

– Lane Procedures

– Specific Training for the Theatre of Operation

Chapter 16

Vehicle Embus & Debus

– Introduction

– Types of Embus/Debus Drills

– Orthodox Method

– Unorthodox Method

– Principles

– Vehicle Positioning (Embus)

– Vehicle with Manual Gear Shift

– Vehicle with Automatic Gear Shift

– PES Deployment

– Escape Routes

– BG Positioning

– Discreet ‘Standby’

– Sequence of a Debus

– Sequence of an Embus

– Embus/Debus Considerations

– Event Factors

? Official Engagements

? Private Engagements

? Unscheduled Engagements

– Profile Influence

? High Profile

? Low Profile

– SAP

– Light Control

– Principal Control

– Insecure Locations

– Crowd Control

– Principal’s Image

– Flexibility

– Vehicle Positions

– PES Positions

– CP Team Positions (Secure Venus – Orthodox Debus)

– CP Team Positions (Insecure Venus – Orthodox Debus)

– CP Team Positions (Secure Venus – Unorthodox Debus)

– CP Team Positions (Insecure Venue – Unorthodox debux

– Joint US/Chinese Government Team Embus Critique, (Ex-President George W Bush)

– High-Threat Protection Convoys

– Media Embus & Debus

Chapter 17

International Travel & Equipment

– Actions on Notice of Intended Travel

– Scrutinising the Schedule

– Passports

– Two Passports

– Visas & US ESTA

– Contacting the Local British Embassy and FC&DO

– Local Currency

– Hotel Accomodations

– Vehicles

– Team Attachments

– Commercial Flights

– Clothing & Equipment

– Standard Travel Kit

Chapter 18

Private Aircraft

– Passage of Information

– Luggage Accountability

– Counter-Surveillance

– Heli-moves

Chapter 19

Super Yachts, Mega Yachts & Giga Yachts

– CPT’s Knowledge & Understanding

– The layout of the ship’s deck

– The ship’s crew, personalities & responsibilities

– The security systems installed

– The ship’s travel and port schedule

– International Ship Port & Facility Code, (ISPS)

– Maritime Security Industry

– Close Protection on Yachts

– Surveillance Detection

Chapter 20

Use of Weapons in CP Training & Operations

– Close Quarter Battle (CQB)

– Types of Weapons

– Military & Police Protection Units

– Difference in operating methods between RMP CP, Police & SAS

– Attitudes to firearms training

– Individual qualities for CQB programs

– Operational Planning for the Area(s) of Deployment/Operational Environment

– Weapon Sourcing & Selection

– Procedures in ‘difficult’ countries

– Weapon Concealment, Covert Carriage, Comms and Ancillaries, Bags & Vests

– Holsters

– Use of Covert Weapon Bags, Harnesses & Vests

– The Basic Safety Rules & Fundamentals of CQB

– The Cardinal Firearms Safety Rules

– Training for the Area(s) of Deployment/Operational Environment

– Maximising Training Effectiveness

– Advanced Applications

? The Aimed Shot

? The Instinctive Shot

? Fire & Manoeuvre

– Rules of Engagement (ROE)

– Use of Force

– ROE for the CPT/PSD

– Weapons – A Professional Embarrassment

Chapter 21

Close Protection Medic Training, Administration & Considerations

– Medical Training

– Disclaimers?

– Advanced Procedure – Chest Drains

– Casualty Evacuation/Extraction (CASEVAC)

– Medical Coverage

– Reaction to Attack Training

– Equipment

– IBG Team Member Illness

– Vaccinations

– On Overkill?

Chapter 22

Reaction to Attack – An Introduction

– React to What You See

– Embus & Debus Reaction to Attack Options

– Pre-Attack Recognition & Identification Markers

– Principles of Reaction to Attack

– Remove or Reduce the Threat

– Place Assets Between the Threat and the VIP

– Remove the Principal from the Threat

– Types of Attack

Chapter 23

Reaction to Attack – IBG

– A Static Action? – You may as Well be a ‘Figure 11 Target’

– ‘Splitting’ the Targets – Getting off the ‘X’

– IBG Fire & Manoeuvre

Chapter 24

Reaction to Attack – CPT

– CPT RTA & Extraction Drills

– The Theory of Body Cover & Evacuate

– Commercial Mistakes

– Immediate Action Drills

– Open Ground

– Pairs Fire & Manoeuvre

– Problems

? Stoppages

? Secondary Threats

? Killed or Injured PES

? Injured Principal

Chapter 25

Reaction to Attack – Vehicle Anti-Ambush

– Introduction

– Principles of Vehicle Anti-Ambush

– Vehicle Anti-Ambush Drills

– Response Options

– One Car Drills

– Drive Through (Gunmen Side)

? Actions by the driver

? Actions by the BG

– Drive Through (Block Front – Gunmen Front)

– Rapid Block Front/Gunmen Front

? Actions by the Driver

? Actions of the BG

– Block Front – Not immediately confirmed hostile – Beware the Decoy

? Actions by the Driver

? Actions by the BG

– Block Front and Rear (Gunman Threat) – No Driver Through

– Two Car Drills

– Drive Through (Gunmen Side)

– Drive Through (Block Front – Gunmen Front)

– Reverse Out (Block Front – Gunmen Front – No Drive Through)

– Block Front & Rear – No Driver Through

– Block Front (No Drive Through – Immobilised VIP Vehicle)

– Vehicle Immobilisation

? Actions Inside the Vehicle

? Actions Outside the Vehicle

– Counter Attack Team Drills

– CAT Going Firm

– CAT Flanking Attack

– CAT Attack the Threat(s)

– Three Car Drills

– 3-Car Convoy Positions

– Reverse Out (Block Front – Gunmen Front – No Drive Through)

– Attacking the Ambush

– City Congestion

– Real World? Why Train for Something You Will Never, or Hardly Use?

Chapter 26

Covert Protection Operations: Protective Surveillance, Counter Surveillance and Counter Attack Team

– Protective Surveillance & Counter Surveillance

– Surveillance Detection

– Prior to Embus

– The Embus

– The Move

– The Debus

– Is Protective Surveillance, Covert Protection?

– Could there ever be an operational difference between Protective Surveillance and Covert Protection?

– Counter Surveillance – Reminder

– The Effectiveness of Reaction to Attack (Actual & Perceived)

– The Counter Attack Team

Part 2?

The Ascertainment of Foul Play

Introduction

– If you stand for nothing, you will fall for anything

– List of Influences Detrimentally Affecting Close Protection Operational Performance

– From Training to End Service Provision

– The Home Office Influence

Chapter 27

The Imposition of Standards by Government Departments & Authorities |?United Kingdom’s Home Office & Security Industry Authority

– The Need for Regulation

– The Security Industry Authority – Its History, from Inception to Present Day

– Licensing Close Protection – SIA Training Core Competencies

– Accreditation of Prior Learning (APL)

– A Derogatory Debacle

– Points to Note

– The Omissions & Absence of Understanding the Provision of Close Protection

– SIA Training Limitations 2022

– The SIA Consultation Process – It Takes Two to Quango

– The More the SIA Thinks, the More I Think They Shouldn’t Think More

– Imposed Standards/Industry Entrance (Minimum Age, Physical, Medical, Mental Fitness & Robustness (ECHR)

– SIA Omission – Minimum Age

? Why doesn’t the SIA impose a minimum age for CP?

– SIA Omission – Candidate Selection/Medical, Physical

? Why doesn’t the SIA impose a minimum applicant medical requirement prior to attending a CP course?

? Why doesn’t the SIA impose a minimum applicant fitness requirement prior to attending a CP course?

– SIA Omission – Candidate Selection/Appearance

– SIA Omission – Course Content

– SIA Omission – Advanced, Defensive, Evasive, Protective Driving

? Why doesn’t the SIA CP license training include advanced driving?

– SIA Inclusion – Disability

– The Home Office & SIA Ecosystem

– SIA ‘Top-Up Training’ for Close Protection [as from 1st?April 2022]

– Physical Intervention for Close Protection

– The Industry Regulator’s Approach

– Remit of the PSIA 2001 on behalf of the United Kingdom’s Home Office

– Close Protection – Future Regulation and Standards

– Challenging the Home Office

– From even a Sedentary Position the SIA is merely a vehicle to rationalise the obscene

– Worldwide Adoption of Standards with no worldwide industry common standard

Chapter 28

Commercial Incorporation, Employment, Contract & Individual Practises

Difficulties, Failings and Evils of the Commercial Industry

– Sub-Contracting – The Pitfalls and Limitations

– The Company Delivering the Service – An Employment Agency or a Service?

– Poor Components of a CP Service Provider (SP)

– What are the Risks When Hiring CP Personnel?

– Commercial Race to the Bottom

– Close Protection

– Event Security

– Residential Security

– Insurances

– The SIA Approved Contractor Scheme (ACS)

– The International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO)

– The British Standards Institution

– A Statistical Imbalance

– Administration Vs Operational Performance

– Close Protection – Buyer Beware!

– Performative In Not Performance! – Risk Tolerance, Risk Capacity & Balance of Risk

– Competitive Market, Lurkers, Clones & Trolls

– Real by Fake

– The Lack of Integrity

– The Dunning-Kruger Effect vs Imposter Syndrome

Chapter 29

Commercial Operational Restrictions & Limitations (Laws)

– Laws (UK)

– Training Courses, Qualifications & Licensing Requirements

– Security Industry Authority (UK) CP Courses & Worldwide

– PCO/PHV Licensing

– Stalking

? Definition of Stalking

? Definition of Surveillance

? Physical Surveillance Vs Stalking – Defining the Difference

– Counter Surveillance

? Frequency Jamming

?Vehicle & Person Tracker

?Executive Board Meetings

?Drones

?IED

– Road Laws (Speed, Direction/Routes, Congestion, Police/Enforced Stop, Parking, Eco Laws/Vehicle Idling/Electric Vehicles

– Use of Force Restrictions & Limitations/Weapons/Incapacitant Sprays

– Company Licensing Requirements

? For a Company that is registered in the UK

? For a Foreign Company Registered in Another Country

? Non-UK CP Operatives Visiting and Working CP in UK (As an Individual)

? Non-UK CP Operatives Visiting and Working CP in the UK (As a Foreign Company Contractor)

– Laws (Worldwide)

– LN Individual Training, Qualifications & Licensing Requirements

– Not LN but Individual Contractor Visiting to Provide such services for a LN Client

– Not LN but Individual Contractor Visiting to Provide Such Services for a non-LN Client

– UK CPO’s working CP on Foreign soil – is it Actually legal?

– Company Licensing Agreements

? For a Company that is Registered in Country or State

? For a Foreign Company Registered in Another Country or State

Chapter 30

Commercial Operational Restrictions & Limitations (Other than Laws)

– Operational Intelligence

– HMG vs Private Sector

– Open-Source Intelligence

– Proactive Intelligence Vs Reactive Information

– Limited Recourse to Mitigate Principals Who Increase Their Own Risk

– Principal Risk Causation

– Operatives & Vetting

– No Selection/Poor Training (Versus client & operational requirements)

– No Oversight

– CPD for CV – not for operations

– The Detrimental Effect of Finance on Operational Performance and Focus

– Business Profitability

– Budgets

– Economic Impacts

– Working for Principals subject to Government Interest

– Activity That is Illegal

– Activity that influences Political Stability and Processes

– Future Careers in the Employ of the Government

– Government Vs Private Sector Provision

– Operational Control

– Meghan & Harry, Diana, Princess of Wales, Duke of York and Members of Parliament

Chapter 31

Operational Situational Awareness

– Operational Planning & Operational Observations

– Involuntary Attention

– Voluntary Attention

– Habitual Attention

– Interpretation

– Signs of Danger

– Ambush

– Ambush Principles

– Ambush Siting

– Springing the ambush

Chapter 32

Physical Surveillance

– Hostile Surveillance Planning Cycle

– Government vs Commercial – The Difference

– Composition of a Surveillance Team

– The 5 Main Types of Surveillance

– Covert Surveillance Tactics, Techniques and Procedures

– Commercial Influence on Surveillance Operations

– The Pick Up

– Methods of Insertion and Types of OP

? Rural Location

? Urban Location

? Vehicle Position

? Foot Position

– The Follow

– Communications

? Target Identification

? Commentary

– The Housing

Chapter 33

Technical Surveillance

– Intrusive Surveillance

– Skills of a Typical Operator

– HUMINT

– Mobile Phones

– Computers

– Audio Transmission

– UHF Transmitters

– GSM Transmitters

– GSM ‘Interceptor’ Landline & Room Listening Device

– UHF Mini Telephone Transmitter

– Video Transmission

– GSM 4/5G Cameras

– Vehicle Tracking Devices

– Passive Versus Active Tracking

– RF (Radio Frequency) trackers

– GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) Trackers

– GPS (Global Positioning System)Trackers

– Electro-Magnetic Radiation

– Laser Listening Device

– Near Silent Drill

– Other Government & Commercial Surveillance Devices

– Unconventional Tracking Devices

Chapter 34

Countering the Effects of Surveillance

– Counter Surveillance

– Anti-Surveillance

– The Effect of Surveillance on CP Operations

– The Amount & Manner in which Travel is Conducted by the Boss

– Vehicle

– Vehicle Information

– Private Aircraft

– Private Yacht

– The Presence and Level of all Residence, Office and Vehicle Security

– The Security Awareness and Integrity of all Household, Administrative and Associated Staff

– Operational Procedure by the CPT

– Anti/Counter Surveillance

– Countering Vehicle Tracking Devices

– Tracker Jammers

– GPS Tracker Jammer

– VHF Lo-Jack tracker jammer

– Bomb Jammers

– UHF/VHF Radio & Mobile Phone Jammers

– Car Remote Jammers

– Window Film

– Smart Phones

– Countering Government Surveillance vs Countering Private Sector

Chapter 35

Surveillance Detection (Counter & Anti Surveillance)

Close Protection Team Conduct Affecting Operational Performance

– Spiking Interest – Reasons for Detection

– The CP Mindset Towards Surveillance

– Close Protection & Surveillance Commentary

– Hostile Activity Detection & Response

– Response Options to Identified Surveillance

– Every Day Carry (EDC) Kit

– Proactive Actions of Anti & Counter Surveillance

– Close Protection Vehicle Camera Systems

– BMW, Blackvue 4G, Tesla

– Target Blu Eye

– Electronic Warfare – The Law vs Private Sector Close Protection

– Technical Surveillance Counter Measures (TSCM)

– The Enemy Without Uniform

– Scenario 1 – Urban

– Scenario 2 – Rural

– Counter Surveillance – The Indefectible Response (disregarding the law)

Chapter 36

Working for Principals Subject to Government Interest & Surveillance

– Politically Exposed Persons (PEP)

– Unexplained Wealth Orders (UWO)

– Sanctions

– National Crime Agency (NCA)

– Professional Standards Unit, National Crime Agency (PSU NCA)

– Independent Office for Police Conduct (IOPC)

– Neither Confirm Nor Deny (NCND)

– A Not So Shocking Veracity

Chapter 37

Close Protection Operation – Hostile Surveillance Detected

– The Pick-Up

– The Follow

– The Compromise

– Surveillance Errors

Chapter 38

Hard Stop and Arrest By The National Crime Agency For A Crime I Did Not Commit

– Surveillance Errors?

– Surveillance Learning Outcomes

– Politics of Rationale Replaced with Politics of Emotion

– Conclusion

Chapter 39

Door Mats or Matadors

– “The Whole Art of Government Exists in Being Honest”

– ‘Big, Little, Lies’

– A Not-So-Surprising Outcome

– Investigatory Powers Commissioner’s Office

– Investigatory Powers Tribunal

Chapter 40

Complaint Process – Collateral Intrusion – Government Agency

– A Vendetta – A Disproportionate Interference

– RIPA – Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000

– Covert Human Intelligence Sources (Criminal Conduct) Bill

– Terminology in Intelligence Gathering Operations – ‘Targets, Subjects & Witnesses’

– Complaint Process

Epilogue

Advice and Guidance for Industry Newcomers

Acknowledgements

The assessments, views and opinions represented within this publication are personal and belong solely to the author and do not represent those of people, institutions or organisations that the author may or may not be associated with in professional or personal capacity, unless explicitly stated. Any such assessments, views and opinions are not intended to malign any religion, ethnic group, association, organisation, company or individual. At times, such assessments, views and opinions of alleged involvement, activities and collusion of the?National Crime Agency, Metropolitan Police Service, Independent Office for Police Conduct, Investigatory Powers Tribunal, Border Force, HMRC, the UK Secretary of State for Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Affairs, the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation and the United States Department of Homeland Security?and all of their sub-departments, are done so based on the circumstantial evidence, deductive reasoning, supposition, inference and informed speculation of the author and it remains for the reader to draw their own conclusion.

The ‘exception’ to the above are the explanations and imagery evidence of surveillance operations conducted against principals to whom Close Protection was afforded and also against the author both whilst co-located with the principal and independently.?These incidences are ‘neither confirmed nor denied’ as being ‘Government led’ by those agencies concerned of which were likely from Chinese, US, and UK Governments as well as commercially sourced and remains for the reader to draw their own conclusion.

The contents of this book, where applicable, have been submitted to the?United Kingdom’s?Ministry of Defence (2012 & 2022 editions), in particular, the?Directorate Media and Communications, (DMC), Whitehall, London,?in accordance with the?Official Secrets Act?requirements and departmental confidentiality contracts concerning non-disclosure agreements. The contents of both text and images where applicable, have been cleared for the purposes of operational and personal security. Clearance was additionally confirmed from The Statutory Disclosure Team comprising of the former?External Disclosure Co-ordination Unit (EDCU)?and the disclosure functions of the former?Public Information Compliance Unit (PICU)?of the?United Kingdom’s National Crime Agency, (NCA)?regarding the disclosure of specific information.

?https://www.cpbook.co.uk/ [New website will go live as soon as the publication becomes available]

Close Protection - A Closer Observation of the Protection Equation - Revised Edition

Hardback | 900 pages | 40 Chapters | 2.5kg | 6cm thick | ISBN: 978-1-3999-2661-4

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Copyright Richard J Aitch 2022