Classification of fiber optic transceivers
There are many foreign and domestic manufacturers of fiber optic transceivers, and the product lines are also extremely rich, mainly including Shenzhen Sanwang Communication, Guanglu Technology, Resconda, Fiberhome, Powerway, Desheng, Netlink, Xunjie, Tengda, etc. In order to ensure full compatibility with other manufacturers' network cards, repeaters, hubs and switches and other network equipment, fiber optic transceiver products must strictly comply with 10Base-T, 100Base-TX, 100Base-FX, IEEE802.3 and IEEE802.3u Ethernet In addition, it should comply with FCC Part15 in terms of EMC protection against electromagnetic radiation. Nowadays, as major domestic operators are vigorously building community networks, campus networks and enterprise networks, the consumption of optical fiber transceiver products is also increasing to better meet the needs of access network construction. [1]
Classification of properties
Single-mode fiber optic transceiver: transmission distance from 20 kilometers to 120 kilometers
Multimode fiber optic transceiver: transmission distance from 2km to 5km
For example, the transmit power of a 5-kilometer fiber optic transceiver is generally between -20 and -14db, the receiving sensitivity is -30db, and the wavelength of 1310nm is used; while the transmit power of a 120-kilometer fiber optic transceiver is mostly between -5 and 0dB, and the receiving sensitivity is between -5 and 0dB. is -38dB, using a wavelength of 1550nm.
required classification
Single Fiber Optical Transceiver: Receive and transmit data on one fiber
Dual Fiber Optical Transceivers: Receive and transmit data on a pair of fibers
As the name implies, single-fiber equipment can save half of the optical fiber, that is, data reception and transmission can be realized on one optical fiber, which is very suitable in places where optical fiber resources are scarce. This type of product adopts the technology of wavelength division multiplexing, and the wavelengths used are mostly 1310nm and 1550nm. However, since there is no unified international standard for single-fiber transceiver products, there may be incompatibility between products of different manufacturers when they are interconnected. In addition, due to the use of wavelength division multiplexing, single-fiber transceiver products generally have the characteristics of large signal attenuation.
Working level/rate
100M Ethernet Optical Transceiver: Working at the Physical Layer
10/100M Adaptive Ethernet Optical Transceiver: Working at the Data Link Layer
According to the working level/rate, it can be divided into single 10M, 100M fiber optic transceivers, 10/100M adaptive fiber optic transceivers, 1000M fiber optic transceivers and 10/100/1000 adaptive transceivers. The single 10M and 100M transceiver products work at the physical layer, and the transceiver products that work at this layer forward data in bits. This forwarding method has the advantages of fast forwarding speed, high permeability and low delay, and is suitable for use on links with fixed rates. Better performance and stability.
Structural classification
Desktop (stand-alone) fiber optic transceivers: stand-alone customer premises equipment
Rack-type (modular) fiber optic transceiver: installed in a sixteen-slot chassis, using centralized power supply
According to the structure, it can be divided into desktop (stand-alone) fiber optic transceivers and rack-mounted fiber optic transceivers. The desktop fiber optic transceiver is suitable for a single user, such as the uplink of a single switch in the corridor. Rack-type (modular) fiber optic transceivers are suitable for multi-user aggregation. At present, most domestic racks are 16-slot products, that is, a maximum of 16 modular fiber-optic transceivers can be added to a rack.
Management Type Classification
Unmanaged Ethernet fiber optic transceiver: plug and play, set the working mode of the electrical port through the hardware DIP switch
Managed Ethernet Optical Transceiver: Supports carrier-class network management
Network management classification
It can be divided into unmanaged fiber optic transceivers and managed fiber optic transceivers. Most operators hope that all the devices in their network can be managed remotely, and optical transceiver products, like switches and routers, are gradually developing in this direction. For network-managed fiber optic transceivers, it can also be subdivided into central office-side network management and user-side network management. The optical fiber transceivers that can be managed by the central office are mainly rack-mounted products, and most of them adopt a master-slave management structure. The information on the system is then aggregated and submitted to the network management server. For example, the OL200 series network-managed fiber optic transceiver products provided by Wuhan FiberHome Network support 1 (master) + 9 (slave) network management structure, and can manage up to 150 fiber optic transceivers at one time.
The client network management can be mainly divided into three ways: the first one is to run a specific protocol between the central office and the client device. The protocol is responsible for sending the status information of the client to the central office, and the CPU of the central office device handles these states. information, and submit it to the network management server; the second is that the optical fiber transceiver at the central office can detect the optical power on the optical port, so when there is a problem on the optical path, it can be judged according to the optical power. ; The third is to install the main control CPU on the fiber optic transceiver at the user end, so that the network management system can monitor the working status of the user end equipment on the one hand, and can also realize remote configuration and remote restart. Among the three client network management methods, the first two are strictly for remote monitoring of client devices, while the third is the real remote network management. However, since the third method adds a CPU on the client side, which also increases the cost of the client device, the first two methods are more advantageous in terms of price. As operators demand more and more equipment network management, it is believed that the network management of optical fiber transceivers will become more practical and intelligent.
Power classification
Optical transceiver with built-in power supply: the built-in switching power supply is a carrier-grade power supply; optical transceiver with external power supply: the external transformer power supply is mostly used in civil equipment.
Classification of work style
Full duplex means that when the sending and receiving of data are split and transmitted by two different transmission lines, both parties of the communication can send and receive at the same time. This transmission method is full duplex. . In full-duplex mode, each end of the communication system is provided with a transmitter and a receiver, so that control data can be transmitted in both directions at the same time. The full-duplex mode does not require switching of directions, so there is no time delay caused by switching operations.
Half duplex means that the same transmission line is used for both reception and transmission. Although data can be transmitted in both directions, both parties cannot send and receive data at the same time. This transmission method is half-duplex. When the half-duplex mode is adopted, the transmitter and receiver at each end of the communication system are transferred to the communication line through the receiving/transmitting switch to switch directions, so a time delay will occur.