CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities: First Semester 2023 Analysis

Assessing Critical Vulnerabilities

The CISA KEV analysis for the first semester of 2023 focuses on assessing vulnerabilities and security issues within various vendor projects. This analysis aims to provide insights into critical vulnerabilities and their potential impact on organizations. By examining a wide range of vendor projects, including Fortinet, Microsoft, Citrix, Apple, and many others, this analysis highlights the importance of prompt patching, secure coding practices, access controls, and vendor updates to ensure the overall security posture of organizations. Understanding the vulnerabilities and risks associated with these vendor projects is crucial for organizations to proactively protect their systems and data from potential cyber threats.

Key Takeaways:

1. Fortinet: Fortinet FortiOS is susceptible to heap-based buffer overflow, emphasizing the importance of applying vendor updates promptly.
2. Microsoft: Microsoft Defender and Exchange Server vulnerabilities highlight the criticality of patching and following vendor instructions.
3. Citrix: Authentication bypass in Citrix Application Delivery Controller (ADC) emphasizes the need for secure authentication configurations.
4. Veeam: Unauthenticated access to internal API functions in Veeam Backup & Replication can lead to remote code execution, necessitating access control measures.
5. Apple: Apple iOS and macOS vulnerabilities highlight the significance of keeping operating systems up to date.
6. TIBCO: TIBCO JasperReports Server and Library vulnerabilities emphasize the need for strong access controls and restricted read-only access.
7. CWP: Command injection vulnerability in CWP Control Web Panel underscores the importance of input validation and sanitization.
8. Zoho: Unauthenticated remote code execution in Zoho ManageEngine products stresses the need for updated third-party dependencies.
9. Telerik: Insecure direct object reference in Telerik UI for ASP.NET AJAX emphasizes the need for proper authorization and file upload security.
10. Oracle: Unspecified vulnerabilities in Oracle E-Business Suite and Oracle Web Applications Desktop Integrator highlight the importance of regular updates and secure configurations.
11. SugarCRM: Remote code execution in SugarCRM products underscores the need for secure coding practices and input validation.
12. Intel: Denial-of-service vulnerability in Intel Ethernet Diagnostics Driver for Windows highlights the importance of system stability and security patches.
13. TerraMaster: Remote command execution vulnerability in TerraMaster OS emphasizes the need for secure remote access and user authentication.
14. Microsoft Office: Security feature bypass and privilege escalation vulnerabilities in Microsoft Office products stress the importance of defense-in-depth strategies and user awareness.
15. Apache Spark: Command injection vulnerability in Apache Spark necessitates strict access controls and strong input validation.
16. Google Chrome: Use-after-free vulnerability in Google Chrome highlights the significance of browser security and timely updates.
17. Cisco: Various vulnerabilities in Cisco IOS and IOS XE emphasize the need for regular security updates and configuration best practices.
18. Veritas: Veritas Backup Exec Agent vulnerabilities underscore the importance of secure backup solutions and access controls.
19. Linux Kernel: Multiple vulnerabilities in the Linux Kernel stress the importance of timely patching and secure coding practices.
20. Jenkins: Information disclosure vulnerability in Jenkins calls for proper access controls and secure configuration management.

First Semester 2023 Analysis

?

Apache (Struts)

• CVE: CVE-2017-5638
• CWE: CWE-113 (Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers)
• Explanation: This vulnerability occurs when user-supplied input is not properly sanitized, allowing attackers to inject CRLF sequences in HTTP headers and potentially manipulate the headers to perform various attacks, such as HTTP response splitting or cross-site scripting (XSS).
• CAPEC: CAPEC-242 (Manipulating User-Controlled Variables)
• Explanation: This CAPEC describes the manipulation of user-controlled variables, which can lead to unauthorized access, injection attacks, or other malicious activities.

Microsoft (Exchange Server)

• CVE: CVE-2022-41080
• CWE: CWE-20 (Improper Input Validation)
• Explanation: This CWE represents cases where input validation is insufficient or missing, leading to various types of attacks, such as SQL injection, cross-site scripting (XSS), or buffer overflow.
• CAPEC: CAPEC-22 (Server-Side Include (SSI) Injection)
• Explanation: CAPEC-22 involves exploiting server-side includes (SSI) to inject arbitrary commands, which can result in unauthorized access or remote code execution.

Telerik (User Interface (UI) for ASP.NET AJAX)

• CVE: CVE-2017-11357
• CWE: CWE-352 (Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF))
• Explanation: CWE-352 refers to situations where an attacker tricks a victim into performing unwanted actions on a web application in which the victim is authenticated, leading to potential data modification or unauthorized actions.
• CAPEC: CAPEC-272 (Cross-Site Scripting (XSS))
• Explanation: CAPEC-272 involves injecting malicious scripts into web pages viewed by users, which can lead to various consequences, such as session hijacking, defacement, or data theft.

Zoho (ManageEngine)

• CVE: CVE-2022-47966
• CWE: CWE-502 (Deserialization of Untrusted Data)
• Explanation: CWE-502 occurs when untrusted data is deserialized without proper validation, which can lead to remote code execution or other attacks by manipulating the deserialized objects.
• CAPEC: CAPEC-129 (XML Injection)
• Explanation: CAPEC-129 involves injecting malicious XML content into an application, potentially leading to various security issues, including privilege escalation, information disclosure, or denial of service.

TerraMaster (TerraMaster OS)

• CVE: CVE-2022-24990
• CWE: CWE-77 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection'))
• Explanation: CWE-77 occurs when untrusted input is used to construct a command that is executed by a system, allowing an attacker to execute arbitrary commands with the privileges of the targeted system
• CAPEC: CAPEC-54 (Command-Line Execution through SQL Injection)
• Explanation: CAPEC-54 involves exploiting SQL injection vulnerabilities to execute arbitrary commands on a database server, potentially leading to unauthorized access or data manipulation.

Fortra (Cobalt Strike)

• CVE: CVE-2022-39197
• CWE: CWE-79 (Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting'))
• Explanation: CWE-79 refers to the failure to properly neutralize or validate user

Mitel (MiVoice Connect)

• CVE: CVE-2022-41223
• CWE: CWE-94 (Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection'))
• Explanation: CWE-94 occurs when untrusted input is used to generate code dynamically, resulting in code injection vulnerabilities that can lead to remote code execution or privilege escalation.
• CAPEC: CAPEC-89 (Windows Remote Management)
• Explanation: CAPEC-89 involves exploiting the Windows Remote Management (WinRM) service to gain unauthorized access or execute commands on a remote system.

Veritas (Backup Exec Agent)

• CVE: CVE-2021-27876
• CWE: CWE-284 (Improper Access Control)
• Explanation: CWE-284 refers to situations where access controls are not properly implemented or enforced, leading to unauthorized access to sensitive resources or functionality.
• CAPEC: CAPEC-216 (Exploiting Trust in Client)
• Explanation: CAPEC-216 involves exploiting the trust placed in a client application or component to perform unauthorized actions or gain access to sensitive information.

Novi Survey (Novi Survey)

• CVE: CVE-2023-29492
• CWE: CWE-502 (Deserialization of Untrusted Data)
• Explanation: CWE-502 occurs when untrusted data is deserialized without proper validation, which can lead to remote code execution or other attacks by manipulating the deserialized objects.
• CAPEC: CAPEC-129 (XML Injection)
• Explanation: CAPEC-129 involves injecting malicious XML content into an application, potentially leading to various security issues, including privilege escalation, information disclosure, or denial of service.

PaperCut (MF/NG)

• CVE: CVE-2023-27350
• CWE: CWE-285 (Improper Authorization)
• Explanation: CWE-285 refers to cases where an application does not properly enforce access controls or authorization, allowing unauthorized users to perform privileged actions or access sensitive data.
• CAPEC: CAPEC-206 (Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key)
• Explanation: CAPEC-206 involves bypassing authorization checks by manipulating user-controlled keys or tokens, resulting in unauthorized access to protected resources or functionality.

Intel (Processor)

• CVE: CVE-2018-3646
• CWE: CWE-119 (Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer)
• Explanation: CWE-119 occurs when a program writes or reads beyond the bounds of allocated memory, potentially leading to buffer overflows, data corruption, or code execution vulnerabilities.
• CAPEC: CAPEC-241 (Return Oriented Programming (ROP))
• Explanation: CAPEC-241 involves constructing malicious payloads that leverage existing code sequences (gadgets) to execute arbitrary commands or hijack control flow.

D-Link (DIR-850L Router)

• CVE: CVE-2018-10561
• CWE: CWE-798 (Use of Hard-coded Credentials)
• Explanation: CWE-798 refers to situations where hard-coded or default credentials are used in a system or application, making it vulnerable to unauthorized access or privilege escalation.
• CAPEC: CAPEC-86 (Modify Data in Data Store)
• Explanation: CAPEC-86 involves unauthorized modifications to a data store, which can lead to data corruption, tampering, or unauthorized access.

Atlassian (Jira)

• CVE: CVE-2019-11581
• CWE: CWE-79 (Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting'))
• Explanation: CWE-79 refers to the failure to properly neutralize or validate user-supplied input used in the generation of web pages, which can lead to cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks and potential unauthorized access or data theft.
• CAPEC: CAPEC-66 (XML Entity Expansion)
• Explanation: CAPEC-66 involves exploiting the expansion of XML entities to consume excessive resources, leading to denial of service or disclosure of sensitive information.

WordPress (WordPress Core)

• CVE: CVE-2021-29447
• CWE: CWE-285 (Improper Authorization)
• Explanation: CWE-285 refers to cases where an application does not properly enforce access controls or authorization, allowing unauthorized users to perform privileged actions or access sensitive data.
• CAPEC: CAPEC-196 (WordPress Username Enumeration)
• Explanation: CAPEC-196 involves exploiting a vulnerability in WordPress that allows an attacker to enumerate valid usernames, which can aid in further attacks or unauthorized access attempts.

Adobe (Adobe Reader)

• CVE: CVE-2021-28552
• CWE: CWE-79 (Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting'))
• Explanation: CWE-79 refers to the failure to properly neutralize or validate user-supplied input used in the generation of web pages, which can lead to cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks and potential unauthorized access or data theft.
• CAPEC: CAPEC-86 (Modify Data in Data Store)
• Explanation: CAPEC-86 involves unauthorized modifications to a data store, which can lead to data corruption, tampering, or unauthorized access.

Cisco (Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance)

• CVE: CVE-2018-0296
• CWE: CWE-20 (Improper Input Validation)
• Explanation: CWE-20 represents cases where input validation is insufficient or missing, leading to various types of attacks, such as SQL injection, cross-site scripting (XSS), or buffer overflow.
• CAPEC: CAPEC-86 (Modify Data in Data Store)
• Explanation: CAPEC-86 involves unauthorized modifications to a data store, which can lead to data corruption, tampering, or unauthorized access.

Google (Android)

• CVE: CVE-2021-0316
• CWE: CWE-416 (Use After Free)
• Explanation: CWE-416 occurs when a program continues to use a memory area after it has been freed, potentially leading to memory corruption or unauthorized access to the freed memory.
• CAPEC: CAPEC-121 (Application API Button Hijacking)
• Explanation: CAPEC-121 involves hijacking application APIs to perform unintended actions or manipulate data, potentially leading to unauthorized access or data modification.

IBM (WebSphere Application Server)

• CVE: CVE-2019-4676
• CWE: CWE-79 (Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting'))
• Explanation: CWE-79 refers to the failure to properly neutralize or validate user-supplied input used in the generation of web pages, which can lead to cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks and potential unauthorized access

Oracle (MySQL Server)

• CVE: CVE-2016-6662
• CWE: CWE-77 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection'))
• Explanation: CWE-77 occurs when untrusted input is used to construct a command that is executed by a system, allowing an attacker to execute arbitrary commands with the privileges of the targeted system.
• CAPEC: CAPEC-54 (Command-Line Execution through SQL Injection)
• Explanation: CAPEC-54 involves exploiting SQL injection vulnerabilities to execute arbitrary commands on a database server, potentially leading to unauthorized access or data manipulation.

Red Hat (Red Hat Enterprise Linux)

• CVE: CVE-2021-33909
• CWE: CWE-787 (Out-of-bounds Write)
• Explanation: CWE-787 occurs when a program writes beyond the bounds of allocated memory, potentially leading to buffer overflows, data corruption, or code execution vulnerabilities.
• CAPEC: CAPEC-120 (Out-of-bounds Read)
• Explanation: CAPEC-120 involves accessing or reading data beyond the boundaries of allocated memory, potentially leading to information disclosure, crashes, or further exploitation.

Magento (Magento Commerce)

• CVE: CVE-2019-7139
• CWE: CWE-79 (Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting'))
• Explanation: CWE-79 refers to the failure to properly neutralize or validate user-supplied input used in the generation of web pages, which can lead to cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks and potential unauthorized access or data theft.
• CAPEC: CAPEC-66 (XML Entity Expansion)
• Explanation: CAPEC-66 involves exploiting the expansion of XML entities to consume excessive resources, leading to denial of service or disclosure of sensitive information.

Mozilla (Firefox)

• CVE: CVE-2021-29953
• CWE: CWE-416 (Use After Free)
• Explanation: CWE-416 occurs when a program continues to use a memory area after it has been freed, potentially leading to memory corruption or unauthorized access to the freed memory.
• CAPEC: CAPEC-243 (Browser Fingerprinting)
• Explanation: CAPEC-243 involves collecting and analyzing unique attributes of a web browser or user device to create a fingerprint, which can be used for tracking, profiling, or targeted attacks.

PHP (PHP)

• CVE: CVE-2021-21702
• CWE: CWE-284 (Improper Access Control)
• Explanation: CWE-284 refers to situations where access controls are not properly implemented or enforced, leading to unauthorized access to sensitive resources or functionality.
• CAPEC: CAPEC-29 (PHP Remote File Inclusion)
• Explanation: CAPEC-29 involves exploiting vulnerabilities in PHP to include and execute remote files, potentially leading to code execution, information disclosure, or unauthorized access.

Jenkins (Jenkins)

• CVE: CVE-2020-2100
• CWE: CWE-79 (Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting'))
• Explanation: CWE-79 refers to the failure to properly neutralize or validate user-supplied input used in the generation of web pages, which can lead to cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks and potential unauthorized access or data theft.

1. VendorProject: Cisco (Cisco IOS XR Software)

• CVE: CVE-2020-3566
• CWE: CWE-119 (Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer)
• Explanation: CWE-119 occurs when a program writes or reads beyond the bounds of allocated memory, potentially leading to buffer overflows, data corruption, or code execution vulnerabilities.
• CAPEC: CAPEC-241 (Return Oriented Programming (ROP))
• Explanation: CAPEC-241 involves constructing malicious payloads that leverage existing code sequences (gadgets) to execute arbitrary commands or hijack control flow.

1. VendorProject: SAP (SAP NetWeaver)

• CVE: CVE-2020-6287
• CWE: CWE-79 (Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting'))
• Explanation: CWE-79 refers to the failure to properly neutralize or validate user-supplied input used in the generation of web pages, which can lead to cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks and potential unauthorized access or data theft.
• CAPEC: CAPEC-66 (XML Entity Expansion)
• Explanation: CAPEC-66 involves exploiting the expansion of XML entities to consume excessive resources, leading to denial of service or disclosure of sensitive information.

IBM (IBM WebSphere Application Server)

• CVE: CVE-2018-1567
• CWE: CWE-79 (Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting'))
• Explanation: CWE-79 refers to the failure to properly neutralize or validate user-supplied input used in the generation of web pages, which can lead to cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks and potential unauthorized access or data theft.
• CAPEC: CAPEC-79 (XML External Entities (XXE))
• Explanation: CAPEC-79 involves exploiting the processing of XML entities to disclose internal files, perform SSRF attacks, or consume excessive resources.

Apple (iOS)

• CVE: CVE-2021-30666
• CWE: CWE-416 (Use After Free)
• Explanation: CWE-416 occurs when a program continues to use a memory area after it has been freed, potentially leading to memory corruption or unauthorized access to the freed memory.
• CAPEC: CAPEC-207 (Capture Webcam)
• Explanation: CAPEC-207 involves capturing video or images from an individual's webcam without their knowledge or consent, potentially violating privacy or facilitating further attacks.

Adobe (Adobe Acrobat Reader DC)

• CVE: CVE-2021-21017
• CWE: CWE-94 (Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection'))
• Explanation: CWE-94 occurs when untrusted input is used to generate code dynamically, resulting in code injection vulnerabilities that can lead to remote code execution or privilege escalation.
• CAPEC: CAPEC-86 (Modify Data in Data Store)
• Explanation: CAPEC-86 involves unauthorized modifications to a data store, which can lead to data corruption, tampering, or unauthorized access.

Google (Chrome)

• CVE: CVE-2021-30551
• CWE: CWE-416 (Use After Free)
• Explanation: CWE-416 occurs when a program continues to use a memory area after it has been freed, potentially leading to memory corruption or unauthorized access to the freed memory.

Microsoft (Windows Remote Desktop Services)

• CVE: CVE-2019-0708
• CWE: CWE-22 (Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal'))
• Explanation: CWE-22 occurs when a file path is not properly restricted, allowing an attacker to traverse directories and access files outside the intended scope.
• CAPEC: CAPEC-223 (Web Shell)
• Explanation: CAPEC-223 involves uploading and executing a web shell, which allows attackers to gain remote access, execute commands, and potentially control the compromised system.

Apache (HTTP Server)

• CVE: CVE-2017-5638
• CWE: CWE-79 (Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting'))
• Explanation: CWE-79 refers to the failure to properly neutralize or validate user-supplied input used in the generation of web pages, which can lead to cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks and potential unauthorized access or data theft.
• CAPEC: CAPEC-242 (Manipulating User-Controlled Variables)
• Explanation: CAPEC-242 describes the manipulation of user-controlled variables, which can lead to unauthorized access, injection attacks, or other malicious activities.

Oracle (Java SE)

• CVE: CVE-2020-14782
• CWE: CWE-119 (Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer)
• Explanation: CWE-119 occurs when a program writes or reads beyond the bounds of allocated memory, potentially leading to buffer overflows, data corruption, or code execution vulnerabilities.
• CAPEC: CAPEC-241 (Return Oriented Programming (ROP))
• Explanation: CAPEC-241 involves constructing malicious payloads that leverage existing code sequences (gadgets) to execute arbitrary commands or hijack control flow.

Cisco (Cisco NX-OS Software)

• CVE: CVE-2020-3375
• CWE: CWE-79 (Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting'))
• Explanation: CWE-79 refers to the failure to properly neutralize or validate user-supplied input used in the generation of web pages, which can lead to cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks and potential unauthorized access or data theft.
• CAPEC: CAPEC-131 (Exploiting Trust in Web-based Certificate Management)
• Explanation: CAPEC-131 involves exploiting weaknesses in web-based certificate management to perform fraudulent certificate operations, compromising trust and potentially enabling man-in-the-middle attacks.

IBM (IBM Security Identity Manager)

• CVE: CVE-2021-20399
• CWE: CWE-352 (Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF))
• Explanation: CWE-352 refers to situations where an attacker tricks a victim into performing unwanted actions on a web application in which the victim is authenticated, leading to potential data modification or unauthorized actions.
• CAPEC: CAPEC-272 (Cross-Site Scripting (XSS))
• Explanation: CAPEC-272 involves injecting malicious scripts into web pages viewed by users, which can lead to various consequences, such as session hijacking, defacement, or data theft.

SAP (SAP NetWeaver AS JAVA)

• CVE: CVE-2018-2380
• CWE: CWE-79 (Improper Neutralization of Input

1. VendorProject: Adobe (Adobe ColdFusion)

• CVE: CVE-2018-15961
• CWE: CWE-89 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection'))
• Explanation: CWE-89 occurs when untrusted input is inserted into SQL statements without proper validation or sanitization, allowing attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands and potentially compromise the database.
• CAPEC: CAPEC-66 (XML Entity Expansion)
• Explanation: CAPEC-66 involves exploiting the expansion of XML entities to consume excessive resources, leading to denial of service or disclosure of sensitive information.

Cisco (Cisco IOS Software)

• CVE: CVE-2020-3118
• CWE: CWE-77 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection'))
• Explanation: CWE-77 occurs when untrusted input is used to construct a command that is executed by a system, allowing an attacker to execute arbitrary commands with the privileges of the targeted system.
• CAPEC: CAPEC-86 (Modify Data in Data Store)
• Explanation: CAPEC-86 involves unauthorized modifications to a data store, which can lead to data corruption, tampering, or unauthorized access.

Oracle (Oracle WebLogic Server)

• CVE: CVE-2020-14882
• CWE: CWE-22 (Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal'))
• Explanation: CWE-22 occurs when a file path is not properly restricted, allowing an attacker to traverse directories and access files outside the intended scope.
• CAPEC: CAPEC-223 (Web Shell)
• Explanation: CAPEC-223 involves uploading and executing a web shell, which allows attackers to gain remote access, execute commands, and potentially control the compromised system.

Google (Android)

• CVE: CVE-2020-0041
• CWE: CWE-416 (Use After Free)
• Explanation: CWE-416 occurs when a program continues to use a memory area after it has been freed, potentially leading to memory corruption or unauthorized access to the freed memory.
• CAPEC: CAPEC-207 (Capture Webcam)
• Explanation: CAPEC-207 involves capturing video or images from an individual's webcam without their knowledge or consent, potentially violating privacy or facilitating further attacks.

IBM (IBM QRadar SIEM)

• CVE: CVE-2020-4318
• CWE: CWE-79 (Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting'))
• Explanation: CWE-79 refers to the failure to properly neutralize or validate user-supplied input used in the generation of web pages, which can lead to cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks and potential unauthorized access or data theft.
• CAPEC: CAPEC-272 (Cross-Site Scripting (XSS))
• Explanation: CAPEC-272 involves injecting malicious scripts into web pages viewed by users, which can lead to various consequences, such as session hijacking, defacement, or data theft.

OpenSSL (OpenSSL)

• CVE: CVE-2020-1967
• CWE: CWE-295 (Improper Certificate Validation)
• Explanation: CWE-295 refers to cases where certificate validation is not performed correctly, potentially allowing an attacker to use an invalid or malicious certificate to establish a trusted connection.

Apache (Tomcat)

• CVE: CVE-2020-1938
• CWE: CWE-200 (Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor)
• Explanation: CWE-200 occurs when sensitive information is exposed to unauthorized individuals or systems, potentially leading to data breaches, identity theft, or other privacy violations.
• CAPEC: CAPEC-94 (File and Directory Information Exposure)
• Explanation: CAPEC-94 involves disclosing file and directory information that should remain confidential, potentially aiding attackers in reconnaissance or targeting sensitive data.

Cisco (Cisco Firepower Management Center)

• CVE: CVE-2020-3452
• CWE: CWE-22 (Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal'))
• Explanation: CWE-22 occurs when a file path is not properly restricted, allowing an attacker to traverse directories and access files outside the intended scope.
• CAPEC: CAPEC-142 (Virtual Data Stream (VDS) Injection)
• Explanation: CAPEC-142 involves manipulating or injecting virtual data streams (VDS) to bypass security mechanisms, potentially leading to unauthorized access or code execution.

Microsoft (Windows DNS Server)

• CVE: CVE-2020-1350
• CWE: CWE-416 (Use After Free)
• Explanation: CWE-416 occurs when a program continues to use a memory area after it has been freed, potentially leading to memory corruption or unauthorized access to the freed memory.
• CAPEC: CAPEC-161 (DNS Cache Poisoning)
• Explanation: CAPEC-161 involves manipulating DNS caching mechanisms to redirect or manipulate network traffic, potentially leading to phishing, data theft, or other malicious activities.

Adobe (Adobe Experience Manager)

• CVE: CVE-2020-5839
• CWE: CWE-79 (Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting'))
• Explanation: CWE-79 refers to the failure to properly neutralize or validate user-supplied input used in the generation of web pages, which can lead to cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks and potential unauthorized access or data theft.
• CAPEC: CAPEC-272 (Cross-Site Scripting (XSS))
• Explanation: CAPEC-272 involves injecting malicious scripts into web pages viewed by users, which can lead to various consequences, such as session hijacking, defacement, or data theft.

IBM (IBM Rational ClearQuest)

• CVE: CVE-2019-4503
• CWE: CWE-89 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection'))
• Explanation: CWE-89 occurs when untrusted input is inserted into SQL statements without proper validation or sanitization, allowing attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands and potentially compromise the database.
• CAPEC: CAPEC-66 (XML Entity Expansion)
• Explanation: CAPEC-66 involves exploiting the expansion of XML entities to consume excessive resources, leading to denial of service or disclosure of sensitive information.

Google (Chrome)

• CVE: CVE-2020-16009
• CWE: CWE-787 (Out-of-bounds Write)
• Explanation: CWE-787 occurs when a program writes beyond the bounds of allocated memory, potentially leading to buffer overflows, data corruption, or code execution vulnerabilities.

SAP (SAP Business Objects Business Intelligence Platform)

• CVE: CVE-2020-6207
• CWE: CWE-79 (Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting'))
• Explanation: CWE-79 refers to the failure to properly neutralize or validate user-supplied input used in the generation of web pages, which can lead to cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks and potential unauthorized access or data theft.
• CAPEC: CAPEC-242 (Manipulating User-Controlled Variables)
• Explanation: CAPEC-242 describes the manipulation of user-controlled variables, which can lead to unauthorized access, injection attacks, or other malicious activities.

Oracle (Oracle Database Server)

• CVE: CVE-2020-14825
• CWE: CWE-89 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection'))
• Explanation: CWE-89 occurs when untrusted input is inserted into SQL statements without proper validation or sanitization, allowing attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands and potentially compromise the database.
• CAPEC: CAPEC-66 (XML Entity Expansion)
• Explanation: CAPEC-66 involves exploiting the expansion of XML entities to consume excessive resources, leading to denial of service or disclosure of sensitive information.

Microsoft (Windows Kernel)

• CVE: CVE-2020-0787
• CWE: CWE-416 (Use After Free)
• Explanation: CWE-416 occurs when a program continues to use a memory area after it has been freed, potentially leading to memory corruption or unauthorized access to the freed memory.
• CAPEC: CAPEC-243 (Browser Fingerprinting)
• Explanation: CAPEC-243 involves collecting and analyzing unique attributes of a web browser or user device to create a fingerprint, which can be used for tracking, profiling, or targeted attacks.

Apache (HTTP Server)

• CVE: CVE-2019-0211
• CWE: CWE-416 (Use After Free)
• Explanation: CWE-416 occurs when a program continues to use a memory area after it has been freed, potentially leading to memory corruption or unauthorized access to the freed memory.
• CAPEC: CAPEC-86 (Modify Data in Data Store)
• Explanation: CAPEC-86 involves unauthorized modifications to a data store, which can lead to data corruption, tampering, or unauthorized access.

IBM (IBM Security Access Manager)

• CVE: CVE-2019-4081
• CWE: CWE-284 (Improper Access Control)
• Explanation: CWE-284 refers to situations where access controls are not properly implemented or enforced, leading to unauthorized access to sensitive resources or functionality.
• CAPEC: CAPEC-79 (XML External Entities (XXE))
• Explanation: CAPEC-79 involves exploiting the processing of XML entities to disclose internal files, perform SSRF attacks, or consume excessive resources.

Oracle (Java SE)

• CVE: CVE-2019-2933
• CWE: CWE-22 (Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal'))
• Explanation: CWE-22 occurs when a file path is not properly restricted, allowing an attacker to traverse directories and access files outside the intended scope.
• CAPEC: CAPEC-223 (Web Shell)
• Explanation: CAPEC-223 involves

WordPress (WordPress Plugin)

• CVE: CVE-2019-8943
• CWE: CWE-79 (Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting'))
• Explanation: CWE-79 refers to the failure to properly neutralize or validate user-supplied input used in the generation of web pages, which can lead to cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks and potential unauthorized access or data theft.
• CAPEC: CAPEC-196 (WordPress Username Enumeration)
• Explanation: CAPEC-196 involves exploiting a vulnerability in WordPress that allows an attacker to enumerate valid usernames, which can aid in further attacks or unauthorized access attempts.

Apache (Subversion)

• CVE: CVE-2018-11782
• CWE: CWE-79 (Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting'))
• Explanation: CWE-79 refers to the failure to properly neutralize or validate user-supplied input used in the generation of web pages, which can lead to cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks and potential unauthorized access or data theft.
• CAPEC: CAPEC-196 (WordPress Username Enumeration)
• Explanation: CAPEC-196 involves exploiting a vulnerability in WordPress that allows an attacker to enumerate valid usernames, which can aid in further attacks or unauthorized access attempts.

Cisco (Cisco Prime Infrastructure)

• CVE: CVE-2018-15386
• CWE: CWE-79 (Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting'))
• Explanation: CWE-79 refers to the failure to properly neutralize or validate user-supplied input used in the generation of web pages, which can lead to cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks and potential unauthorized access or data theft.
• CAPEC: CAPEC-272 (Cross-Site Scripting (XSS))
• Explanation: CAPEC-272 involves injecting malicious scripts into web pages viewed by users, which can lead to various consequences, such as session hijacking, defacement, or data theft.

Oracle (Oracle Database Server)

• CVE: CVE-2018-3110
• CWE: CWE-89 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection'))
• Explanation: CWE-89 occurs when untrusted input is inserted into SQL statements without proper validation or sanitization, allowing attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands and potentially compromise the database.
• CAPEC: CAPEC-66 (XML Entity Expansion)
• Explanation: CAPEC-66 involves exploiting the expansion of XML entities to consume excessive resources, leading to denial of service or disclosure of sensitive information.

Google (Android)

• CVE: CVE-2017-13315
• CWE: CWE-20 (Improper Input Validation)
• Explanation: CWE-20 represents cases where input validation is insufficient or missing, leading to various types of attacks, such as SQL injection, cross-site scripting (XSS), or buffer overflow.
• CAPEC: CAPEC-154 (XML Attribute Blowup)
• Explanation: CAPEC-154 involves exploiting the expansion of XML attributes to consume excessive resources, leading to denial of service or disclosure of sensitive information.

Apache (HTTP Server)

• CVE: CVE-2017-9798
• CWE: CWE-327 (Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm)

1. VendorProject: WordPress (WordPress Core)

• CVE: CVE-2017-5487
• CWE: CWE-79 (Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting'))
• Explanation: CWE-79 refers to the failure to properly neutralize or validate user-supplied input used in the generation of web pages, which can lead to cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks and potential unauthorized access or data theft.
• CAPEC: CAPEC-242 (Manipulating User-Controlled Variables)
• Explanation: CAPEC-242 describes the manipulation of user-controlled variables, which can lead to unauthorized access, injection attacks, or other malicious activities.

OpenSSL (OpenSSL)

• CVE: CVE-2016-6304
• CWE: CWE-326 (Inadequate Encryption Strength)
• Explanation: CWE-326 occurs when encryption algorithms or keys with insufficient strength are used, making them susceptible to cryptographic attacks or decryption.
• CAPEC: CAPEC-69 (Predictable Seed in PRNG)
• Explanation: CAPEC-69 involves the use of predictable or weak seeds in pseudorandom number generators (PRNGs), which compromises the randomness of generated values and weakens cryptographic mechanisms.

Google (Chrome)

• CVE: CVE-2015-6755
• CWE: CWE-200 (Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor)
• Explanation: CWE-200 occurs when sensitive information is exposed to unauthorized individuals or systems, potentially leading to data breaches, identity theft, or other privacy violations.
• CAPEC: CAPEC-241 (Return Oriented Programming (ROP))
• Explanation: CAPEC-241 involves constructing malicious payloads that leverage existing code sequences (gadgets) to execute arbitrary commands or hijack control flow.

Apache (Struts)

• CVE: CVE-2014-0114
• CWE: CWE-89 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection'))
• Explanation: CWE-89 occurs when untrusted input is inserted into SQL statements without proper validation or sanitization, allowing attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands and potentially compromise the database.
• CAPEC: CAPEC-66 (XML Entity Expansion)
• Explanation: CAPEC-66 involves exploiting the expansion of XML entities to consume excessive resources, leading to denial of service or disclosure of sensitive information.

Oracle (Oracle Database Server)

• CVE: CVE-2013-3661
• CWE: CWE-89 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection'))
• Explanation: CWE-89 occurs when untrusted input is inserted into SQL statements without proper validation or sanitization, allowing attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands and potentially compromise the database.
• CAPEC: CAPEC-66 (XML Entity Expansion)
• Explanation: CAPEC-66 involves exploiting the expansion of XML entities to consume excessive resources, leading to denial of service or disclosure of sensitive information.