Chlorfenapyr formulations

1. Chemical Composition and Properties:

• Active Ingredient: Chlorfenapyr (a member of the pyrrole chemical group), which is a pro-insecticide that gets converted into its active form within the pest.
• Formulation Type:

1. Chlorfenapyr 10% SC: Suspension Concentrate (SC) with 10% active ingredient.

2. Chlorfenapyr 240 g/L SC: Suspension Concentrate (SC) with 240 g/L active ingredient.

• Source: Chlorfenapyr is a synthetic compound developed by Sumitomo Chemical Company.
• Appearance:

1. Chlorfenapyr 10% SC: A milky liquid.

2. Chlorfenapyr 240 g/L SC: A light yellow to amber-colored liquid. The formulation appears as a suspension.

• Solubility: Chlorfenapyr is slightly soluble in water but more soluble in organic solvents. When diluted with water, it forms a suspension.

2. Mode of Action:

• Mechanism: Chlorfenapyr works by inhibiting mitochondrial electron transport. It disrupts the energy production in the insect by affecting the cytochrome bc1 complex, leading to energy depletion and death. It acts as both a contact and ingestion insecticide, affecting various pests at different life stages.

3. Target Pests:

Chlorfenapyr is effective against a wide range of pests, including:

• Insects: Mites (e.g., Spider mites) Lepidopteran pests (e.g., caterpillars) Whiteflies Aphids Weevils Ants Cockroaches Fleas
• Nematodes: Some formulations are used for nematode control in turf and other agricultural applications.

4. Application on Crops:

• Crops Treated:

1. Vegetables (e.g., tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers)

2. Fruits (e.g., citrus, apples)

3. Cereals (e.g., wheat, corn)

4. Cotton and ornamental plants

• Dosage:

1. Chlorfenapyr 10% SC: Typically applied at a rate of 50-200 mL per hectare, depending on pest infestation levels and crop type.

2. Chlorfenapyr 240 g/L SC: Usually applied at a rate of 100-250 mL per hectare.

• Spray Timing: It is recommended to spray during early morning or late evening to reduce the impact on beneficial insects and avoid excessive evaporation.

5. Features and Benefits:

• Selective Action: Chlorfenapyr provides selective control for specific pests, minimizing harm to non-target beneficial species. It is often used in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs.
• Long Residual Activity: It offers a long-lasting residual effect (up to 2-3 weeks), which reduces the frequency of reapplication and provides continuous pest control.
• Low Resistance Risk: Chlorfenapyr has a low risk of resistance development due to its unique mechanism of action (mitochondrial inhibition). It is an effective tool for managing resistant pest populations.
• Environmental Compatibility: Chlorfenapyr is environmentally safer compared to many other insecticides. It has low toxicity to birds and mammals, and its degradation rate in soil and water is relatively fast.

6. Precautions During Use:

• Toxicity: Chlorfenapyr is classified as moderately toxic to humans (Toxicity Category III). It can cause skin and eye irritation and may cause respiratory issues if inhaled.
• Protective Measures: When applying Chlorfenapyr, always wear protective gloves, clothing, and eyewear. A respirator is recommended in areas of high exposure. Avoid eating, drinking, or smoking during application.
• Environmental Safety: Chlorfenapyr should not be applied near water sources or during rainy conditions to prevent runoff. It is essential to avoid drift to non-target plants and areas.

7. Waiting Period (Pre-harvest Interval):

• Depends on the crop and regional regulations: The Pre-Harvest Interval (PHI) typically ranges from 7-30 days depending on the crop being treated. Always refer to local regulations and product labels for specific guidelines.

8. Storage and Handling:

• Storage: Store in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area, away from sunlight and heat sources. Keep the product in its original sealed container and out of reach of children.
• Handling: Handle the product carefully, ensuring protective gear is worn during mixing and application. Dispose of empty containers according to local regulations.

9. Toxicology and First Aid:

• Symptoms of Exposure:

1. Inhalation: Dizziness, headache, nausea, and difficulty breathing.

2. Skin Contact: Irritation, redness, and rash.

3. Eye Contact: Severe irritation or burning sensations.

• First Aid:

1. Skin Contact: Wash immediately with soap and water.

2. Eye Contact: Flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes.

3. Inhalation: Move to fresh air and provide oxygen if needed.

4. Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting. Seek immediate medical attention.

• Antidote: There is no specific antidote for Chlorfenapyr poisoning. Supportive care is recommended, including oxygen therapy and intravenous fluids.

10. Market Information:

Chlorfenapyr is widely marketed by multiple agrochemical companies globally under different brand names. Its primary uses are in agriculture for pest control and structural pest management. The global demand for Chlorfenapyr is driven by its effectiveness and low resistance risk.

11. Resistance Management:

• Resistance Management: Chlorfenapyr should be used as part of an integrated pest management (IPM) program to prevent resistance. Rotate with other insecticides that have different modes of action to avoid over-reliance on Chlorfenapyr. Use only recommended dosages and application intervals.