China's People's Liberation Army Considers Accurate War to be Information Warfare 信息化戰爭

Non - contact non - contact joint one precision combat elements diagram

System combat

Comprehensive confrontation

Operational assessment

■ modern warfare is based on information system system operations, driven by the role of science and technology, making the implementation of non-contact non-contact precision raid combat reality

■ Foreign military research that accelerate the formation of combat effectiveness model, the implementation of "real-time global strike strategy" and remote accurate "acupuncture", can get considerable military benefits

Recently foreign companies have published "hypersonic missile: one hour to fight anywhere in the world" and other articles, become a hot topic. Foreign experts commented that the so-called "real-time global strike" system, which is made up of hypersonic missiles, is characterized by the ability to remotely strike high-speed "point-like" precision, making it difficult to effectively circumvent the target, and its development is likely to change the world Arms race direction, and break the international balance of the existing strategy.

In fact, since entering the new century, precision combat has become the military power to chase the development goals. Now with the rapid development of military science and technology, the increasingly rich content of precision operations, is no longer limited to the use of advanced weapons systems and high-tech ammunition and other simple precision fire strike, but extended to accurate reconnaissance positioning, precise command and control, accurate Combat security and accurate assessment of the effectiveness of areas such as modern military operations at all levels are highlighted in the distinctive characteristics of the era of precision. It can be said that "precision" has not only become an important "weight" of joint operations, but also become the "war" of information war.

Accurate perception of the first prophet

The first win is the prophet. In the past war, "troops and horses did not move, forage first", as soldiers follow the basic law of warfare. Information age war, is more respected "troops and horses did not move, the information first" military principles. Because only to enhance the battlefield perception, full access to battlefield information, in order to grasp the battlefield situation in real time, accurate control of the rhythm of the implementation, the implementation of accurate command to provide basic assurance. During the war in Iraq, the United States and Britain for the accurate access to combat information, the use of full-dimensional battlefield information perception system, to maximize the elimination of "war fog" to ensure that the battlefield of the coalition "one-way transparency." With the help of accurate access to the battlefield information key technology "trail tracking system", the US military to solve the "where are you who you? Friends and neighbors where the enemy where the attack is the best route is what?" And other technical problems, Battlefield situation at a glance.

Accurate decision making a thousand miles

Accurate decision making is an important prerequisite for achieving operations based on the information system system, ensuring that the system performs best and quickly achieves strategic operational intentions and war objectives.

"The modern war is unprecedented in the influence of political, economic, diplomatic and human factors, and the" extensive "combat in the past can not meet the requirements of modern warfare. Began to pursue precise decision-making and action, so that the goal of war accurate and specific. In the Iraq war, the US military adopted a series of precise "acupuncture" tactics, whether "beheading action" or "deterrence", precision-guided weapons always aim at Saddam Hussein and its hiding place, Iraq senior officials residence, command and control facilities And other goals, to the opponent caused a strong psychological and spiritual deterrence, accurately reached a strategic intention.

Accurate command efficient and fast

Nowadays, the extensive application of modern computer technology and network technology in the military field, especially the application of C4ISR system in joint operations, makes the precise command and control even more powerful. In the Iraq war, under the command and control of the C4ISR system, the multinational force fighter made a 33-0 record in air combat. War in the US military also timely adjustment of tactics, have been from the air "acupuncture" to "full shock", from "rolling patrol" to "listen to call out" and so effectively to achieve the purpose of the war.

At present, the military powers have launched a series of new initiatives to accelerate the transformation of combat power generation model, to enhance the system based on the information system combat capability, and its focus is to change the long "tree" combat command system for the flat " Network "combat command system, so that the combat command more accurate and efficient.

Accurate maneuvering telepresence

Information warfare, the military combat capability to a large extent through their own mobility to be achieved. Under the strong driving force of high-tech, the combat forces can effectively achieve the strength, firepower and information force in the Juyou, so as to lay the foundation for seizing the advantages of the battlefield. In the Iraq war, the US military combat troops scattered configuration, there is no offensive and defensive formation, relying entirely on accurate mobile positioning information to the target to launch a remote zone outside the precise attack. In addition, the precise maneuvering is also reflected in the precise interdiction of the air and the precise interchange of the ground, that is, not only effectively cooperate with the ground combat for near air support and emergency air support, but also the use of various means of transport through the city, mountains and the sea, The implementation of accurate raid operations, and achieved the expected "precision" benefits.

Accurately hit the acupuncture points to win

Precision combat ultimately rely on precision strike to achieve. When the precision-guided weapons with ultra-long range range of attack capability, then make non-contact non-contact combat to become a reality; when the precision guided weapons in the range can reach hundreds or even thousands of kilometers in the case of its round probability error To achieve a few meters or even less than 1 meter, the "point-like" precision strike will become a reality; when the various types of guidance and long-range control technology can be used to make weapons and ammunition without human intervention after the intervention can be self-seeking flight and destroy the target So that intelligent unmanned attack to become a reality.

In recent years, with the precision guidance and stealth technology is widely used, the use of military precision ammunition is getting higher and higher, increasingly effective combat effectiveness. In the Gulf War, US-made precision-guided munitions accounted for only 8% of the total bombs, but destroyed 80% of Iraq's important target; Kosovo war, the use of precision ammunition accounted for about 35%, although the Yugoslavia terrain and weather conditions , The destruction of 74% of the target; the war in Afghanistan, the use of precision ammunition reached 60%, destroyed up to 90% of the important target; Iraq war, the United States and Britain joined forces of all kinds of precision-guided ammunition 1.3 million, 80% of the bombs, even the cluster bombs this ordinary ammunition, but also installed on the guidance device, so that "point of war" prevailed.

Accurate evaluation of real-time feedback

Modern warfare shows that there is no accurate and reliable target damage information, you can not judge the attack effect in time, follow-up operations will be difficult to start and do targeted.

Now, overtaking precision strike has become an important development direction of firepower, but how to combat the effect? But also must use a variety of scientific and technological means of the objectives of the physical, functional and system damage assessment of the situation. However, the innovative development of false target technology, so that the use of new camouflage endless, which to the target damage assessment has brought serious challenges. In the Gulf War "carpet bombing", there will always be the same target was repeatedly bombed the situation; even in the Kosovo war, NATO has an average of at least 40 times a day to repeat the action, which not only reduces the combat efficiency, The cost of war; to the war in Iraq, the US military has accurate assessment of precision as an important prerequisite for precision strike, through the land, sea and air information comprehensive analysis and assessment, and then decide whether to target the implementation of new attacks, so that the number of repeated targets To single digits.

Accurate management benefits doubled

Today, the military power of the digital forces construction process significantly accelerated, precise management status also will increase. Modern logistics management based on information technology, communication technology, through the "information flow" to implement the whole tracking, you can achieve efficient decision-making and precise control. With the information fusion technology as the support, makes the integrated human-machine system to achieve precise operation and control become a reality. It is reported that the latest military developed a joint all-asset visual system, the combatants, equipment and supplies, such as the implementation of automatic tracking, query display and control. Some countries to improve system combat and security effectiveness, shorten the equipment development cycle, but also establish a corresponding regulatory system to ensure the realization of precise management objectives.

Accurate protection with the shape

In the modern information joint operations, if the combat needs and security needs seriously out of line, the same will lead to passive. In the Gulf War, the US military reserves of material and ammunition in the Middle East, about 60-100 days to meet the needs of the actual ground attack and fighting only took 100 hours, resulting in the theater arrived in about 40,000 containers in half And unsealed, so that the value of 2.7 billion US dollars of spare materials were forced to transport. In order to learn from the "oversupply" of the Gulf War material equipment, the waste of time and money, the US military in the Iraq war to take immediate supply, accurate delivery strategy, so that all kinds of equipment and materials and equipment are required to put into the need Of the location, fully embodies the precise delivery, accurate use and precise protection of ideas. At present, in addition to the United States and Britain, Japan, France, Russia, Australia and many other countries are also actively adjust the precise development of security ideas, are in the military reform in accordance with the "reasonable enough" principle to build a new security system, making " "Developed into a mainstream trend.

Original Mandarin Chinees:

■現代戰爭是基於信息系統的體係作戰，在科技力量驅動作用下，使得實施非線式非接觸精確突襲作戰成為現實

■外軍研究認為，加速戰鬥力生成模式轉變，實施“即時全球打擊戰略”和遠程精確“點穴”，可以獲得可觀的軍事效益

近來外電紛紛發表的《高超音速導彈：一小時內打擊全球任何地點》等文章，成為人們熱議的話題。外軍專家評論認為，以高超音速導彈等構成的所謂“即時全球打擊”系統，主要優勢在於遠程高速的“點穴式”精確打擊能力，使被打擊目標難以有效規避，其發展極有可能改變世界軍備競賽方向，並打破國際上已有的戰略平衡。

事實上，自進入新世紀以來，精確作戰便已成為各軍事強國競相追逐的發展目標。而今隨著軍事科技的迅猛發展，精確作戰的內涵日益豐富，已不再局限於使用先進武器系統和高技術彈藥等進行單純精確火力打擊，而是延伸拓展至精確偵察定位、精確指揮控制、精確作戰保障及效果精確評估等各領域，使現代軍事行動在各個層面上均凸顯出鮮明的精確化時代特徵。可以說，“精確”如今已不僅成為聯合作戰制勝的重要“砝碼”，更成為信息化戰爭必爭之“高地”。

精確感知先勝先知

先勝在於先知。以往的戰爭中，“兵馬未動，糧草先行”，成為兵家遵循的基本作戰規律。信息時代的戰爭，則更加推崇“兵馬未動，信息先行”的軍事原則。因為只有增強戰場感知能力，全面獲取戰場信息，才能為實時掌握戰場態勢、準確掌控作戰節奏、實施精確指揮提供基本保證。伊拉克戰爭中，美英聯軍為精確獲取作戰信息，運用全維戰場信息感知系統，最大限度地消除“戰爭迷霧”，確保戰場對聯軍的“單向透明”。借助精確獲取戰場信息的關鍵技術“踪跡跟踪系統”，美軍解決了“我在哪？你是誰？友鄰部隊在哪裡？敵人在哪裡？發起攻擊最佳路線是什麼？”等技術難題，使得戰場態勢一目了然。

精確決策決胜千裡

精確決策是實現基於信息系統體係作戰，確保系統發揮最佳效能、快速達成戰略戰役意圖和戰爭目的的重要前提。

孫子曰：“治眾如治寡，分數是也。”現代戰爭受政治、經濟、外交、人文等綜合因素的影響空前增大，以往的“粗放式”作戰已不能適應現代戰爭的要求，兵家開始追求精確決策與行動，使戰爭的目標精確而具體。伊拉克戰爭中，美軍採用了一系列精確式“點穴”戰法，不論“斬首行動”還是“震懾行動”，精確制導武器始終瞄準薩達姆行宮及其藏身處、伊高級官員住所、指揮控制設施等目標，給對手造成強烈的心理和精神震懾，精確地達成了戰略意圖。

精確指揮高效快捷

而今，現代計算機技術和網絡技術在軍事領域的廣泛應用，特別是C4ISR系統在聯合作戰中的應用，使得精確指揮控制如虎添翼。伊拉克戰爭中，在C4ISR系統的精確指揮控制下，多國部隊的戰鬥機在空戰中取得了33∶0的戰績。戰爭中美軍還及時調整戰法，相繼由空中“點穴”改為“全面休克”，由“滾動巡邏”改為“聽召喚出動”等，有效地達成了戰爭目的。

目前，各軍事強國均推出一系列新舉措，以加速推進戰鬥力生成模式轉變，全面提升基於信息系統的體係作戰能力，而其重點便是變縱長形“樹狀”作戰指揮體制為扁平形“網狀”作戰指揮體制，從而使作戰指揮更加精準高效。

精確機動遠程投送

信息化戰爭中，軍隊作戰能力在很大程度上是通過自身機動能力得以實現的。在高科技強力驅動作用下，各作戰力量可高效實現兵力、火力與信息力動中聚優，從而為奪取戰場優勢奠定基礎。伊拉克戰爭中，美軍各作戰部隊分散配置，沒有攻防隊形，完全依賴精確的機動定位信息向目標發起遠程防區外精確攻擊。此外，精確機動還體現在空中精確遮斷和地面精確穿插等方面，即不僅有效地配合地面作戰進行近距空中支援和應急空中支援，還利用各種運載工具穿越城市、高山和海洋，以迅捷行動實施精確突襲作戰，取得了預期的“精確”效益。

精確打擊點穴制勝

精確作戰最終還是要靠精確打擊來實現。當精確制導武器具備了超遠射程防區外攻擊能力時，便使非線式非接觸作戰成為現實；當精確制導武器在射程上能夠達到數百甚至幾千公里的情況下，其圓概率誤差可達到幾米甚至1米以下時，“點穴式”精確打擊便成為現實；當各類製導和遠距離控制技術得以運用，使武器彈藥發射後無需人工干預便可自主尋的飛行並摧毀目標時，便使智能化無人化攻擊成為現實。

近年來，隨著精確制導和隱身技術廣泛應用，外軍精確彈藥的使用比例越來越高，作戰效益日益凸顯。海灣戰爭中，美軍使用的精確制導彈藥僅佔全部投彈量的8%，卻摧毀了伊拉克80%的重要目標；科索沃戰爭中，精確彈藥使用占到約35%，儘管南聯盟地形和天候條件複雜，也摧毀了74%的目標；阿富汗戰爭中，精確彈藥使用達到了60%，摧毀了高達90%的重要目標；伊拉克戰爭中，美英聯軍共投放各類精確制導彈藥1.3萬餘枚，超過總投彈量的80%，連集束炸彈這種普通彈藥，也加裝上製導裝置，使“點穴戰”佔盡了優勢。

精確評估實時反饋

現代戰爭表明，沒有準確可靠的目標毀傷信息，就不能及時判斷攻擊效果，後續作戰行動也就難以展開和做到有的放矢。

如今，超視距精確打擊已成為火力打擊的一個重要發展方向，然而打擊效果如何？還必須運用各種科技手段對目標的物理、功能及系統等毀傷態勢進行評估。然而假目標技術的創新發展，使新型偽裝術運用層出不窮，這給目標毀傷評估帶來了嚴重挑戰。在海灣戰爭“地毯式轟炸”中，時常會出現同一目標遭到反复轟炸的狀況；即便在科索沃戰爭中，北約平均每天至少也有40次重複打擊的行動發生，這不僅降低了作戰效率，更增加了戰爭成本；到伊戰時，美軍已把精確效能評估作為精確打擊的重要前提，通過海陸空天信息情報綜合分析評估，再決定是否對目標實施新的攻擊，使重複打擊目標的次數驟然降到個位數。

精確管理效益倍增

如今，軍事強國數字化部隊建設進程顯著加快，精確化管理地位也隨之提升。現代物流管理以信息技術、通信技術為基礎，通過“信息流”實施全程跟踪，可以實現高效決策和精確管控。以信息融合技術為支撐，使得集成化人—機系統實現精確化運行與管控成為現實。據悉，外軍最新研製出聯合全資產可視系統，可對作戰人員、裝備及補給品等實施全程自動跟踪、查詢顯示與調控。一些國家為提高系統作戰與保障效能，縮短裝備研發週期，還建立起相應法規保障體系，以確保精確管理目標的實現。

精確保障如影隨形

在現代信息化聯合作戰中，作戰需求如果與保障需求嚴重脫節，同樣會造成被動。海灣戰爭中，美軍在中東儲備的物資器材和彈藥等，大約可滿足60-100天之需，而實際地面進攻戰鬥只花了100小時，致使運抵戰區的約4萬隻集裝箱中有一半未及啟封，使價值27億美元的備用物資被迫轉運。為吸取海灣戰爭物資器材保障“供過於求”、浪費時間和金錢的教訓，美軍於伊拉克戰爭中採取了即時補給、精確投送策略，使各類裝備和物資器材等都是按需要的時間投入到需要的地點，充分體現了精確投送、精確使用和精確保障的思路。目前，除美英之外，日本、法國、俄羅斯、澳大利亞等許多國家也都在積極調整精確保障發展思路，均在軍事變革中按照“合理夠用”原則來構建新的保障體系，使得“精確保障”發展成為主流趨勢。