Chemiluminescence probes for superior light emission: Dioxetanes

Chemiluminescence probes for superior light emission: Dioxetanes

Dioxetanes are a class of organic compounds that have been the subject of much research in recent years. These unique molecules contain a strained four-membered ring composed of two oxygen atoms and two carbon atoms.

There are several different types of dioxetanes, including 1,2-dioxetanes and 1,3-dioxetanes, although the latter are more unstable. 1,2-dioxetanes are used extensively in chemiluminescence-based diagnostic assays, and 1,4-dioxetanes have been studied for their potential use in drug discovery and development.

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1,2-dioxetane and 1,3-dioxetane structures

Dioxetanes as chemiluminescence probes

Over the years, dioxetanes became very important for a variety of reasons. They can be used to produce light through a process called chemiluminescence, or light emission resulting from a chemical reaction. This occurs when the dioxetane decomposes, releasing energy in the form of light. This property has made them a valuable tool for a range of applications, including in vitro diagnostics, drug screening, environmental monitoring and chemical synthesis.

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Chemiluminescence in a test tube

1,2-dioxetanes are used in many clinical diagnostic assays due to their ability to generate highly sensitive and specific chemiluminescent signals. By incorporating specific biomolecules, such as antibodies or enzymes , into 1,2-dioxetane-based probes, it is possible to detect a wide range of analytes, including viruses, bacteria, and cancer biomarkers.

In addition to their diagnostic applications, dioxetanes have also been explored as potential synthetic intermediates in drug discovery and development. By harnessing the unique reactivity of these molecules, chemists have been able to develop new methods for creating complex molecular structures, which could ultimately lead to the discovery of new drugs with enhanced therapeutic properties. An example is the photodynamic therapy, a cancer treatment that uses light to kill cancer cells. In photodynamic therapy, a patient is injected with a drug that is converted into a dioxetane by light. The dioxetane then decomposes, releasing free radicals that kill cancer cells. For instance, the authors of this article use Biosynth's Aquaspark? technology (a dioxetane-based substrate for luminescent detection) for photodynamic therapy to eliminate staphylococci?in vitro.

Aquaspark? - Biosynth's innovation technology

AquaSpark is an innovative technology developed based on 1,2-dioxetane chemistry and is used to detect the presence of specific target molecules, such as pathogens. When a pathogen-specific molecule binds to an AquaSpark probe, a chemiluminescent reaction is triggered, generating a detectable signal.

One of the advantages of AquaSpark is its ability to detect target molecules with high sensitivity and specificity, making it an ideal platform for developing diagnostic tests. Additionally, AquaSpark is highly adaptable and can be customized to detect a wide range of target molecules, bacteria (including ultrasensitive detection of Salmonella and Listeria), viruses, and cancer biomarkers.

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Example of enzymatic cleavage to detect Listeria. Dioxetane decays to ester with emission of light (from S. Gnaim, O. Green and D. Shabat, Chem. Commun. 2018, 54, 2073–2085)

Biosynth's Aquaspark technology is a breakthrough in the field of chemiluminescent probes. These probes are a new generation of chemiluminescent probes that exhibit enhanced properties over traditional dioxetanes.

Biosynth has launched several products based on the Aquaspark technology . These include AquaSpark? phosphatase substrates with different properties and price tags, which allow immunoassay manufacturers and researchers to choose the best option for their specific needs.

The great potential of AquaSpark? dioxetane chemiluminescence probes opens the possibility of visually detect processes inside cells or biological samples. Find out more about on our dedicated page in our web: AquaSpark Chemiluminescence | Biosynth .


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