Characteristics of poultry liver and liver diseases
The liver of poultry is a relatively large organ in their body, and it is located in the lower part of the abdominal cavity, the right leave is larger than the left, and the gallbladder is underneath. Poultry livers are special because the bile ducts exist in both sides. And the bile ducts on the left lobe pass directly to the duodenum, while the right lobe pass to the gallbladder and then to the duodenum.
The liver of newborn chick is yellow, especially in the first seven days. Many people take it as a problem, but it is normal color as for it absorbs a lot of egg yolk.
The liver of an adult chicken is generally dark red or brownish red, and is elastic, While the liver contains more fat of obese poultry, which shows yellow brown or khaki.
The liver disease is common because most of the chickens now have excessive nutritions, coupled with some toxic factors, and some disease sources.
The liver is the most important biochemical factory in the body. It is an endocrine organ because it can secrete bile. It is also an immune organ because everyone knows that there is an important immune cell called Kupffer cell which mostly exists in the liver. In addition, poultry has lymphoid follicles in the liver, which is immune organ. The liver is the target organ for many pathogenic microorganisms and poisons. The liver disease is an important diagnostic basis for on-site diagnosis of diseases.
Following is chicken diseases characterized by liver lesions, and I will focus on three types of liver lesions difficult to diagnose that are often encountered in the spot.
1. Poultry inclusion body hepatitis
Hemorrhagic degenerative inflammation of the liver mainly occurs from 3 to 15 weeks of age in chicken, and most of them happens from 3 to 7 weeks of age. Broiler chicken are most susceptible, while ducks can also be infected. It is mainly transmitted vertically through poisoned eggs.
Once getting diseases, it lasts only for 7 to 10 days and then dies, and the mortality rate is from 10% to 30%.
The lesions are characterized by hepatic degeneration and swelling, pale or yellowish color, brittle quality, and flaky or patchy hemorrhage. Microscopic examination of liver cell is degeneration and necrosis, etc..
Liver degeneration and bleeding
Liver degeneration, swelling, fragile and fragile with spotted bleeding on the surface
Liver degeneration with swollen, being pale, and brittle
Hepatocyte degeneration and necrosis
2. Poultry penta-type hepatitis -large liver and spleen
This is a viral infectious disease in poultry. The tadpoles are mainly caused by penta-type hepatitis etc. It mainly happens in breeder hens laying white eggs, and also occurs in laying hen breeds that produce brown shell eggs. This disease mostly occurs in the summer and autumn, and 20-58-week-old chickens are susceptible. It spreads fast, and can infected all the herd in 1-2 weeks, causing the egg production rate dropped sharply or cannot reach the peak. It will last for several weeks, and the death rate is about 1%. All will cause great losses to the farm.
In typical cases, the liver and spleen become much bigger than normal. The appearance is marble-like. There are many small bleeding spots or necrotic lesions under the liver capsule, and multiple pale lesions on the surface or cut surface of the spleen.
Significantly enlarged liver and spleen
3. Poultry ulcerative enteritis
It is caused by Clostridium coli (also known as Clostridium enterica). The liver has pale yellow spots, and even large irregular yellow necrosis areas or formed scattered gray or yellow necrotic lesions. Liver pathological changes vary from mild yellowish speckle necrosis to large irregular necrotic areas at the margins. In chronic cases it occurs ulcers in the small intestine and cecum.
Liver swollen with yellowish white necrotic spots.
Necrotic enteritis
Intestinal mucosa was severely fibrous and necrotic in large areas, and shedding.
At this time, for these three liver diseases, whatever treatment you choose, if added bile acids, you will get better results.
Lachance bile acids restore liver health by 4 steps
1. Block: Bile acids can combine lipopolysaccharide of endotoxins to form a chelate that cannot be recognized by the intestinal mucosa, thus can prevent endotoxin from entering the intestinal epithelial cells.
2. Detoxification: The non-polar group of bile acids combines with mycotoxins, which improves the hydrolysis of mycotoxins by intestinal enzymes, thus the mycotoxins will lose toxicity or reduce toxicity. At the same time, the endotoxin is broken down into non-toxic fragments in the intestine.
3. Excretion: Adding bile acids can promote the liver to produce a large amount of thin bile, unblock the bile duct, prevent stasis, carry toxins and metabolic wastes and excrete them together with feces out of intestine.
4. Repair: Bile acids can not only promote the metabolism of fats, but also has important significance for the metabolism of lipids. Lipids are important substances that make up cell membranes, especially for the brain, eggs, and liver, and metabolism of fat-soluble substances.
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