Chapter 18: Advanced Python Concepts

Let's dive deeper into advanced Python concepts with practical examples:

Decorators:

Decorators enhance function behavior. Here are detailed examples:

Example 1: Creating a decorator for logging function calls:

def log_function_call(func):
    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
        print(f"Calling {func.__name__} with args: {args}, kwargs: {kwargs}")
        result = func(*args, **kwargs)
        print(f"{func.__name__} returned: {result}")
        return result
    return wrapper

@log_function_call
def add(a, b):
    return a + b

result = add(3, 5)
        

Generators

Generators are great for handling large datasets. Here's a detailed example for Fibonacci numbers:

Example 2: Creating a generator for Fibonacci numbers:

def fibonacci():
    a, b = 0, 1
    while True:
        yield a
        a, b = b, a + b

fib_gen = fibonacci()

for _ in range(10):
    print(next(fib_gen))        

Context Managers

Context managers simplify resource management. Example for file handling:

Example 3: Using a context manager for file handling:

class FileManager:
    def __init__(self, filename, mode):
        self.filename = filename
        self.mode = mode

    def __enter__(self):
        self.file = open(self.filename, self.mode)
        return self.file

    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, traceback):
        self.file.close()

with FileManager('example.txt', 'w') as file:
    file.write('Hello, context managers!')        

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