Celebrating, Working and Being Neurodivergent in STEM

There are many more competing employment sectors and at an early age often stereotypes can influence students’ career interests and choice.? Stereotypes play a big part in the belief that only certain types of people excel in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) fields, or that these subjects are overly challenging and not for everyone. ?It is important to address these misconceptions early on to encourage all students to explore their potential in STEM. ?We need to continue to break down these stereotypes and showcasing diverse role models in STEM careers, we can inspire more young minds to pursue their interests in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics.? Being neurodivergent, means we are different but not less.?

Parents, academia, workplaces and professional bodies all play crucial roles in debunking these stereotypes by providing support and encouragement for students who show an interest in STEM. ?By fostering positive environments that promote curiosity and exploration, we can help ignite and engage passion and engage the next generate interest and working in STEM.? There are many ways to cultivate their curiosity and passion for STEM, here are four possible ways:

• Encourage hands-on exploration by providing them with educational toys or kits that promote experimentation. ?Building robots or conducting simple science experiments at home can make learning fun and engaging.
• Expose students and pupils to real-world applications of STEM through visits to museums, science centers, or STEM-related events. ?Seeing the practical implications of these subjects can inspire them to delve deeper into the field.
• Additionally, foster a growth mindset by praising effort and perseverance over innate abilities. ?Encourage pupils and students to embrace challenges and view failures as opportunities for learning and improvement.
• Highlight diverse role models in STEM fields who can serve as inspirations for pupils and students. ?Exposing them to individuals from various backgrounds can broaden their perspective on what is possible in STEM careers.

The Importance of Neurodiversity in STEM

Our world thrives on diversity, and the field of STEM is no exception. ?As we continually embrace neurodiversity, and accept brain differences are normal, rather than deficits. ?These neurological differences, such as those seen in autism or ADHD, reflect normal variations in brain development.? Being neurodivergent we experience, interact with, and interpret the world in our unique ways.? This concept can help reduce stigma around learning and thinking differences.

By valuing the variations in the human brain function and behaviour and becomes a ?move from not just being a being a moral imperative to recognizing a strategic advantage for innovation. ?As Chris Packham, the renowned naturalist and television presenter, aptly puts it, “We don’t need a cure, there is nothing wrong with us – we are different. And that difference has enormous biological and social importance.”

Research into the prevalence of neurodiversity and associated neurotypes such as autism, ADHD, dyslexia and dyspraxia etc shows the number of people officially diagnosed with neurodivergence in adulthood have increased over the past decade. ?This trend has been noted both internationally and seen in countries. ?It is estimated that between 20% to 30% of the population is considered to be neurodiverse.?

Autism diagnoses alone have increased by 787% in the past two decades.? To add to this astonishing statistic, prescriptions for ADHD medication have also jumped by 800%. Although based on the UK, these figures are likely representative of wider geographies and certainly provides some perspective on the rate at which our awareness and understanding of neurodivergent conditions is growing.? Dyslexia, Autism and ADHD constitute around 70% of all neurodevelopmental diagnoses.??

Historically, diagnoses were predominantly made in male children, with the view that people “grew out” of them as they developed into adults.? But research over the past decade indicates many people with these conditions continue to experience symptoms throughout their adult life, albeit in different ways to childhood.? There also still remains a limited understanding of gender differences in the way neurodivergence is expressed, as well as limited access to psychological and psychiatric assessments in the public sector, have likely contributed to significant numbers of people missing out on childhood diagnoses.

Commonly, neurodivergent individuals possess extraordinary talents and skills associated from being what we now refer to as being Neurodivergent, having skillsets that align perfectly with the demands of STEM fields. ?History is populated with those on the balance of probability who were neurodivergent and means the recent surge in diagnosis is not just a particular twenty century phenomenon.? Identifying historical figures in STEM who are definitively recognized as neurodivergent can be challenging and open to discussion due to the lack of contemporary diagnoses. However, some scientists, technologists, engineers and mathematicians are often discussed in relation to traits associated with neurodivergence.?

Personal research (literature review has involved delving into biographies and historical analyses that discuss their lives and work). Neurodiversity was coined by Judy Singer and others in the 1990s to fight stigma against people with autism, as well as ADHD and learning disabilities for instance dyslexia. As Steve Silberman argues in his book Neuro-Tribes: The Legacy of Autism and the Future of Neurodiversity, “Neurodiversity advocates propose that instead of viewing this gift as an error of nature—a puzzle to be solved and eliminated with techniques like prenatal testing and selective abortion—society should regard it as a valuable part of humanity’s genetic legacy while ameliorating aspects of autism that can be profoundly disabling without adequate forms of support.” If anyone is interested in more information, in the first instance, I would also highly recommend Fitzgerald and O'Brien (2007) Genius Genes: How Asperger Talents Changed The World.

Every, generation, decade and century … from Leonardo da Vinci (1452 – 1519), Benjamin Franklin (1705 – 1790), Henry Cavendish (1731 – 1810), Gregor Johann Mendel (1822 – 1894), Louis Pasteur (1822 – 1895), Alexander Graham Bell (1847 – 1902) to Dmitri Mendeleev (1834? - 1907) who have documented reports of their skillets and lives. ?Their unique attributes, such as attention to detail, logical thinking, and the ability to hyper-focus, make them invaluable assets in scientific and engineering domains. ?

This blog in part explores the significant contributions of six other neurodivergent individuals in STEM and highlights how today these attributes can unlock our full potential.? Thus, throughout history, numerous neurodivergent individuals have made groundbreaking contributions to STEM. ?These people were the original trailblazers, in some cases without themselves noticing that.? They demonstrated that neurodiversity is a source of strength and innovation. ?Let us celebrate these other remarkable pioneers in their words:

Historical Neurodivergent Pioneers in STEM

Isaac Newton (1642? – 1727)

Isaac Newton, a mathematician, physicist, and astronomer, is celebrated for his contributions to calculus, the laws of motion, and the theory of gravity. ?Newton’s relentless pursuit of knowledge and his ability to see patterns in natural phenomena have left an indelible mark on the scientific world. ?His statement, “I know not how I seem to others, but to myself I am but a small child wandering upon the vast shores of knowledge,” reflects the boundless curiosity that drives scientific discovery.

Charles Darwin (1809 – 1882)

Charles Darwin, the naturalist known for his theory of evolution, demonstrated the power of independent thought and dissent. ?His groundbreaking work, “On the Origin of Species,” challenged conventional beliefs and laid the foundation for modern biology. ?Darwin’s ability to think critically and question established norms exemplifies the value of diverse perspectives in scientific inquiry.

Nikola Tesla (1856 – 1943)

Nikola Tesla, an inventor and electrical engineer, is known for his contributions to the development of alternating current electrical systems and the Tesla coil. ?Tesla’s innovative thinking and ability to visualize complex systems in his mind exemplify the creative potential of neurodivergent individuals. ?His dedication to his work often led to breakthroughs that changed the course of modern technology.

Marie Curie (1867? – 1934)

Marie Curie, a physicist and chemist, made pioneering contributions to our understanding of radioactivity. ?She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize and remains the only person to have won Nobel Prizes in two different scientific fields (Physics and Chemistry). ?Curie’s perseverance and dedication to her research, despite facing significant societal and institutional barriers, highlight the resilience and determination often found in neurodivergent individuals.

Albert Einstein (1879 – 1955)

Albert Einstein, the theoretical physicist behind the theories of relativity and quantum mechanics, is another iconic figure in STEM. ?Despite facing challenges in traditional educational settings, Einstein’s insatiable curiosity and independent thought led to groundbreaking discoveries that revolutionized our understanding of the universe. ?His famous quote, “I have no special talents. I am only passionately curious,” underscores the importance of curiosity in scientific exploration.

Alan Turing (1912 – 1955)

Alan Turing, often hailed as the “Father of Modern Computing,” was a brilliant mathematician and codebreaker. ?His work during World War II, particularly in breaking the Enigma code, played a pivotal role in shortening the war and saving countless lives. ?Turing’s ability to see patterns and solve complex puzzles exemplifies the unique cognitive strengths often found in neurodivergent individuals.

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Attributes of Neurodivergent People in STEM

These neurodivergent individuals above, manifested a range of attributes that made them well-suited for careers in STEM. ?Even if they did not directly refer to what they did as working in STEM, they were people who pursued with a passion for unravelling the mysteries, discovering the unknowns, questioning the normal, creating and exploring ideas.? They had the attributes of curiosity, pattern thinking, perseverance, independent thought, dissent, and creativity. ?By background reading and researching each of these various lives, in is possible to discover these qualities in greater by themselves providing unique insights again from their own thoughts and words:

Curiosity

Curiosity is a driving force behind scientific and technological advancement. Neurodivergent individuals often possess an insatiable curiosity that leads them to explore new ideas and question established norms. ?As Einstein famously said, “I have no special talents. ?I am only passionately curious.” ?Curie echoed this sentiment, stating, “Be less curious about people and more curious about ideas.” ?This relentless pursuit of knowledge fuels innovation and discovery.

Pattern Thinking

Pattern thinking is the ability to recognize and understand patterns in data and phenomena. ?Darwin’s observation, “My mind seems to have become a kind of machine for grinding general laws out of large collections of facts,” highlights the importance of pattern thinking in scientific inquiry. ?Tesla’s fascination with nature and his belief that “to discover the forces which are active, and the laws which govern them, is the highest aim of the intellect of man,” underscores the value of pattern recognition in engineering and invention.

Perseverance

Perseverance is a hallmark of many successful scientists and engineers. ?Newton’s declaration, “My powers are ordinary. ?Only my application brings me success,” emphasizes the role of persistence in achieving breakthroughs. ?Curie’s advice, “We must have perseverance and above all confidence in ourselves,” is a testament to the determination required to overcome challenges and make significant contributions in STEM.

Independent Thought

Independent thought is the ability to think critically and challenge established norms. Darwin’s assertion, “I am not apt to follow blindly the lead of other men,” exemplifies the importance of independent thinking in scientific exploration. ?Tesla’s belief in solitude as the key to invention—“Be alone, that is the secret of invention; be alone, that is when ideas are born”—highlights the value of introspection and originality in innovation.

Dissent

Dissent is the willingness to question authority and challenge conventional wisdom. ?Newton’s observation, “I can calculate the motion of heavenly bodies, but not the madness of people,” reflects his critical perspective on human behaviour. ?Einstein’s remark, “Two things are infinite: the universe and human stupidity; and I’m not sure about the universe,” underscores the importance of skepticism in scientific inquiry.

Creativity

Creativity is the ability to generate novel ideas and solutions. ?Einstein described creativity as “intelligence having fun,” highlighting the joy and fulfilment that comes from innovative thinking. ?Tesla’s reflection on the satisfaction of seeing his ideas materialize—“Such feelings make man forget food, sleep, friends, love, everything”—captures the profound impact of creativity on human achievement.

Unlocking Potential in STEM Careers

Therefore, individuals who neurodivergent often possess unique strengths that align seamlessly with the demands of STEM professions. ?Nowadays, we sometimes describe strengths as attention to detail, precision, logical thinking, and an ability to hyper-focus are just a few of the qualities that can turn into assets in STEM fields. ?Everyone experiences their neurodiversity differently.? If you have met one person who is neurodivergent, you have only met one person who is neurodivergent.?

In 2021, it was calculated that the UK economy alone suffers a loss of ￡1.5bn per year due to STEM skills shortages with a reported gap of 60,000 graduates per year in the sector according to Engineering UK. 46% of employers admit to facing difficulties in recruitment. ?The UK Commission for Employment & Skills has found that 43% of vacancies in STEM are hard to fill due to a shortage of applicants with the required skills and experience – almost double the UK average of 24%. ?Below are some of the common areas where neurodivergent individuals may excel:

Computer Programming and Coding

One of the most natural fits for many individuals on the spectrum is computer programming and coding. ?The structured nature of coding, the reliance on patterns and logic, and the demand for sustained concentration make it an ideal match. ?Many tech companies are recognizing the untapped potential of neurodiverse individuals in enhancing innovation and problem-solving. ?By creating inclusive workplaces that accommodate various neurodivergent strengths, these companies are fostering a culture of creativity and excellence.

Data Analysis and Statistics

STEM careers often involve dealing with vast amounts of data and statistical analysis. Individuals with a natural preference for order, patterns, and precision find a welcoming space in roles that require sifting through data to derive meaningful insights. ?For example, ability to identify trends and outliers can contribute significantly to scientific research and business analytics. ?By leveraging our unique strengths, neurodivergent individuals can drive advancements in data-driven decision-making.

Engineering

Engineering, with its focus on problem-solving and systematic design, offers various avenues for individuals on the spectrum. ?From civil engineering to software engineering, the structured approach and attention to detail align well with the cognitive strengths of many individuals with autism. ?By embracing diversity in STEM teams, companies can benefit from fresh perspectives and innovative solutions to volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous challenges.

Laboratory Research

The scientific method is inherently structured and methodical, providing a well-suited environment for those who appreciate routine and clarity. ?Working in laboratories, conducting experiments, and analysing results can offer a fulfilling career path for individuals with a passion for curiosity and discovery. ?By fostering an inclusive culture in research institutions, we can unlock the potential of neurodivergent scientists and drive groundbreaking discoveries.

Mathematics and Academia

Mathematics, often considered the purest form of logical reasoning, is an excellent field for individuals on the spectrum. ?Academic pursuits, including teaching and research roles, provide opportunities for those with deep subject matter expertise to contribute to the growth of knowledge in their chosen field.

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Together, as we champion neurodiversity in STEM, it is essential to recognize that everyone is unique. ?As we embrace the strengths that come with being neurodivergent and fostering an inclusive environment, the STEM community can unlock untapped potential and push the boundaries of innovation. ?Let us continually celebrate the contributions of neurodivergent individuals and work together to create a future where diversity is not just accepted but valued as a source of strength and creativity.

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