Capital Scarcity and Capital Optimization with the Integrated Financial and Risk Architecture of SAP Banking.
Dear,
The Financial System is in a process of Systemic Transformation, from a model based on volume to a model based on Capital Optimization.
We are entering into a new era of Capital Scarcity for two reasons.
1) Excess of debt (the biggest in the history of capitalism) overconsumes Capital.
2) Weakening of economic growth, as a consequence of natural resources scarcity and Energy Transition of the Economic System slows down Capital generation.
If Capital is overconsumed due to excess debt and it is not generated at the same rate due to weak economic growth, Capital becomes scarce. But Capital is the most important resource of the Financial System and if it has become scarce there’s no higher priority than optimizing it.
Consequently, the Financial System has to be transformed from a model based in volume to a model based in Capital Optimization.
If Capital is scarce, a fractional reserve financial system suffers from solvency stress. Consequently, regulators increase capital requirements, forcing financial institutions to reduce their leverage.
As free capital becomes scarcer, it also becomes more expensive, driving Systemic Transformation.
Financial Assets consume Capital in three main ways:
- Credit risk.
- Market risk.
- Operational risk.
The Basel III agreement establishes the main metric to measure the Capital consumed by exposure to Credit Risk of Financial Assets, and lays the foundations for calculating the Capital requirements of a Financial Institution.
The Basel III agreement distinguishes between the Expected Loss and the Unexpected Loss produced by an exposure to Credit Risk, the first must be covered by Provisions for Impairment and the second by Capital.
A valid capital optimization model should reduce the capital consumed in credit risk exposures while limiting the Expected Loss and the Unexpected Loss.
The internal rating-based approach, both basic and advanced, gives us the opportunity to build a comprehensive credit risk optimization system, such as the credit risk model used to determine the probability of default, the loss given default, and the exposure at default (in the case of the Advanced Approach) can be used, with some adjustments, as the basis for determining the Impairment Provisions.
In this model, the Provision for Impairment is compared with the Expected Loss; if the Expected Loss is greater than the provision, the excess Expected Loss is reduced from principal.
On the other hand, if the Expected Loss is less than the provision, banks may recognize the difference in Tier 2 capital up to a maximum of 0.6% of credit risk-weighted assets.
For more information, you can refer to https://www.bis.org/publ/bcbs128.pdf
This holistic management of capital requirements and impairment provisions requires integrated accounting and risk modeling, which is exactly the foundation of Integrated Financial and Risk Architecture of SAP Banking.
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SAP Banking-Credit Risk Impairment Processes offers:
- Automatic determination of the percentage of Expected Loss from the Rating and the Default Bands of the Exposures.
- Dynamic classification of Financial Assets in the Bad or Good book by processing Impairment Events.
- Determination of the Causative Status of the Impaired and Current Assets in accordance with the requirements of IFRS9.
- Determination of Expected Loss, Provision, Penalty and Penalty Amounts, and reversal of Exposures, including Off-Balance Exposures using Credit Conversion Factors.
- Accounting for Impairment Provisions in the Bank Analyzer sub-book fully integrated with the Accounting Processes.
- Transfer of Provisions for impairment to the General Ledger and full reconciliation of Provisions for impairment between the Subledger and the General Ledger.
SAP Banking's Integrated Financial and Risk Architecture offers us a holistic view of the accounting position (value-earnings), liquidity and Capital consumption (risk) of a financial exposure. But even more, it speaks the same language as SAP S/4 HANA and 70% of the World GDP managed with SAP.
This capacity allows to express the processes of the real economy in accounting terms (that is already done by SAP S/4 HANA), liquidity (only partially solved by S/4 HANA) but also Capital consumption. And that's something that only the Integrated Financial and Risk Architecture offers, and it's critical in the capital-scarce environment that we're entering.
The last 12 years our team has worked in modeling all the economic events and business flows represented in the SAP systems of the Real Economy, in terms of Capital and Liquidity consumption and generation. With this information, our systems measure how to offer Financial Instruments for covering Capital and Liquidity gaps or investing Capital and Liquidity surpluses, optimizing the Capital and Liquidity consumption of the system.
We are working on presenting our system to the market, and looking for business partners and investors, if you are interested do not hesitate in contacting me at
Looking forward to reading your opinions.
Kindest Regards,
Ferran Frances.
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