Cameroon: Mirroring the Plight of Human Rights Defenders-Journalist

As I relax in my cane chair after a tiring day, tuning my radio and searching through various stations with the hope of finding one of my favorites: FM Amplitude, my search proves futile as I fail to capture my renowned presenter, ‘Martinez Zogo’s’ program: ‘Embouteillage.’ It is then that it hits me like a bolt of lightning—his life was snuffed out by ruthless individuals, and I can’t help but lament as fear engulfs me, leaving me with a heavy heart. I contemplate the identities and motives of the perpetrators. I find myself drowning in a sea of questions; when will things improve? What do these individuals stand to gain? Why does it feel like the values of human rights in my country are being undermined for the benefit of a select few? Who will step forward to challenge a system in which corruption has permeated beyond human comprehension? Yes, who will dare to take up the gauntlet? Yesterday, it was Anye Nde, and before him, ‘Samuel Wazizi’.”

Journalism is an intrepid and often daunting task undertaken to not only keep citizens informed, entertained and educated through newsfeeds but also to represent the voices of the voiceless daily. Behind the adventurous fa?ade lies the core of engagement. Journalists have consistently proven their worth as frontline human rights defenders who play a fundamental role in exposing injustices, give a voice to the oppressed, as well as provide the necessary platform for holding officials in power accountable for their actions. This article delves into the complex responsibilities of journalists as human rights defenders, explores their critical contributions, the challenges they face and the need for comprehensive support for their courageous work.

Journalists are an embodiment of the essence of freedom of expression which is a fundamental human right enshrined in article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and article 9 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples Rights (ACHPR). In exercising this right, journalists fearlessly report on sensitive issues, challenge repressive regimes, and foster dialogue in the community. While defending their freedom of expression, journalists inspire others to exercise this right, thereby inspiring democratic values and fostering an informed citizenry.

Expose injustices and amplify marginalized voices

Journalists embark on the arduous journey of uncovering and reporting injustices and human rights violations. They also serve as catalysts for social change by investigating and reporting on human rights violations. Through investigative journalism, they shine a light on systemic abuses such as corruption, discrimination, forced disappearances, torture, police brutality, and social inequalities. Furthermore, they fearlessly bring these issues to the forefront to create awareness, mobilize public opinion, and drive the strife for justice and reforms.

In addition, journalists possess a unique ability to amplify the voices of the marginalized communities while ensuring their stories reach a broader audience. This is the case with the Anglophone crisis and other conflicts around the globe where journalists present platforms for individuals and groups facing discrimination including indigenous peoples, refugees, migrants, and those living in poverty to voice out their plight. By giving a voice to the voiceless, journalists foster empathy, challenge stereotypes, and advocate for the rights and dignity of all.

Accountability

One key distinct feature of journalists as human rights defenders is that they initiate discussion which allows for state officials and influential individuals of the elite class to be held accountable for their actions. By scrutinizing government policies, political corruption, and abuse of authority, journalists act as watchdogs, ensuring transparency, and promoting good governance. Their investigations do not only expose sensitive truths of systemic injustices but also influence public pressure for accountability, and contribute in advancing the rule of law and pave the way for the promotion of human rights values.

Challenges and Risks

Journalists face numerous challenges and risks in their role as human rights defenders. They are frequently subjected to threats, harassment, reprisals and violence from state and non-state actors seeking to silence them and bury the truth. Legal challenges include oppressive legislation and defamation laws, which hinder their work by limiting the extent to which they can publicize facts gathered from their investigations, thus weakening press freedom. In addition, the digital age has introduced new risks, such as online surveillance, cyberattacks, and the spread of disinformation campaigns.

In the same light, journalists like other human rights defenders are confronted with the dilemma of carrying out duty or dancing to the tunes of repressive legal instruments that prevent them from adequately doing what is rights. This is the case Cameroon’s laws, including the 2014 law on Terrorism [Law n°2014/28 of 23 December 2014 of the suppression of Acts of Terrorism.] and the 1990 press freedom law which are routinely circumvented in order to repress journalists. Furthermore, there seems to be no sign of press offences being decriminalized and neither access to information nor the confidentiality of journalists’ sources are guaranteed in practice.

Conclusion

It is worth noting that, Journalists who champion human rights are indispensable in the quest for a just and equitable society. Their firm dedication to finding and exposing truths, amplifying marginalized voices, and holding power accountable is vital for promoting human rights, democracy, and social justice. Recognizing journalists as human rights defenders is not only a moral imperative but also a collective responsibility. Governments, civil society organizations, and international bodies must provide comprehensive support, including legal protections, safety measures, capacity-building programs, and access to resources. By upholding press freedom, safeguarding journalists’ safety, and nurturing an enabling environment for independent journalism, we can empower journalists to continue their critical role as guardians of truth, freedom and justice, ultimately contributing to a more inclusive and rights-respecting world.