CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE: The most common products are two high-strength types (UN 1748 and 2880)

The global calcium hypochlorite market, a significant player in the chemical industry, was valued at a substantial USD 67.19 billion in 2023.

With a promising trajectory, it is projected to reach USD 141.33? billion by 2031, showcasing a robust CAGR of 9.74% during the forecast period of 2024 to 2031.

This data provides a comprehensive understanding of the market's current standing and its potential for future growth.

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Calcium hypochlorite, a white or yellowish solid with a chlorine-like odour, is a substance that demands caution. It is soluble in water and may cause a fire in contact with organic material or ammonium compounds. Substances are liable to exothermic decomposition at elevated temperatures, which may lead to fire or explosion. It reacts with acids, evolving chlorine, and is an irritating, corrosive, and toxic gas. In the presence of moisture, it is corrosive to most metals, and the dust irritates mucous membranes. These properties underscore the need for careful handling and transportation.

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Calcium hypochlorite is a versatile chemical used in many industries. It is also used in water treatment, house cleaners and detergents, agrochemicals, pulp and paper, and the food and beverage industries.

However, it is essential to note that it may be misdeclared as calcium chloride, leading to potential safety risks.

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One notable incident involving calcium hypochlorite occurred on May 25, 2019, when a container onboard the South Korean container ship KMTC Hongkong exploded at the port of Laem Chabang. The explosion caused a blaze covering the port terminal and adjacent area with toxic black and white fumes, leading to the evacuation of three piers and the hospitalisation of 200 people for eye and skin irritations, burns, and shrapnel wounds. The global impact of this incident underscores the urgency of understanding and implementing safety measures in transporting calcium hypochlorite.

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The fire reportedly damaged or destroyed 35 containers, including 5 tanks of chlorinated paraffin wax and 13 containers of calcium hypochlorite, which is believed to have caused the explosion.

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As per the CINS guidelines, calcium hypochlorite should be carried in containers with a controlled temperature of 10 °C during sea transportation.

While the IMDG code does not mandate temperature control, most shipping lines, vessel operators, and owners strictly adhere to the CINS guidelines to prevent exothermic decomposition, which can occur if the cargo's temperature rises above the self-accelerating decomposition temperature (SADT), potentially leading to a fire or explosion.

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It's crucial to note that if a mechanical failure or power supply interruption occurs, the insulation in a reefer will initially protect the calcium hypochlorite from external heating. However, prolonged interruption to cooling can lead to the accumulation of heat produced by calcium hypochlorite decomposition, posing a risk, particularly in a reefer container.

Prompt steps must be taken to restore power, fix mechanical failures, or cool/ventilate the cargo. Opening the container door is the most efficient way to avoid the accumulation of heat-produced decomposition and provide the required ventilation to the cargo.

These safety measures are designed to protect against the potentially damaging effect of chlorine decomposition gases released by the calcium hypochlorite on the container's painted surfaces, metalwork, and machinery, including the reefer unit itself.