Cadwalader Climate - June 18, 2024
First “Core Carbon Principles”-Labeled Carbon Credit Approved
On June 6, 2024, the Integrity Council for the Voluntary Carbon Markets (ICVCM) announced that it had approved its first ever set of carbon crediting methodologies that meet its Core Carbon Principles (CCPs). ICVCM approved seven carbon crediting methodologies resulting in the CCP-approved label to be applied to an estimated 27 million carbon credits. These carbon credits are issued by projects that work to minimize greenhouse gas emissions by capturing methane from landfill sites, and by destroying ozone-depleting foams and refrigerant gases from discarded appliances such as refrigerators and air conditioners.
The CCP aims to be the leading framework denoting high-integrity carbon credits that meet a global benchmark for quality carbon credits. ICVCM works in tandem with the Voluntary Carbon Market Integrity Initiative which developed a Claims Code for the credible use of carbon credits by companies. Purchasing an ICVCM-approved carbon credit is intended to assure investors that they are contributing meaningfully to reducing and removing GHG emissions. To be awarded the CCP label, carbon credits undergo what ICVCM describes as a rigorous assessment process to decide whether the ten CCPs are met. These are:
We have frequently discussed the issues in the voluntary carbon credit market, including questions around quality, offsetting and allegations of greenwashing. A certification regime will undoubtedly be welcomed by those who call into question how effective carbon offsetting schemes are, which we discuss in detail here . If properly implemented the CCPs may significantly contribute to tackling such challenges and enhance the integrity and transparency of voluntary carbon markets. This is especially true against the backdrop of incoming or proposed regulation/guidelines in this space; in April 2024 , Members of the European Parliament voted in favor of adopting a new certification framework for carbon removals which would include carbon credits and in May of this year , the Biden Administration launched a new set of standards to advance the responsible development of voluntary carbon markets.
EU Supervisory Authorities Publish Final Greenwashing Reports
On June 4, 2024, the European supervisory authorities (ESAs) published their final reports on greenwashing in the financial sector. The European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) , the European Banking Authority (EBA) , and the European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority (EIOPA) each called for “enhanced supervision and improved market practice on sustainability-related claims”. In addition, ESMA urged the European Commission to swiftly adopt amended Sustainable Finance Disclosures Regulation (SFDR) which include a requirement to produce disclosures in a machine-readable format. The SFDR has been the subject of controversy for some time following uncertainty around how the rules ought to be applied, resulting in a mass downgrade of funds from Article 9 status, which should be applied to funds which invest specifically in sustainable assets; fund managers were concerned over greenwashing risks. We have discussed this frequently .
The final reports come close to a year after the initial drafts in which the ESAs agreed upon a common, high-level definition of greenwashing : “a practice where sustainability-related statements, declarations, actions, or communications do not clearly and fairly reflect the underlying sustainability profile of an entity, a financial product, or financial services. This practice may be misleading to consumers, investors, or other market participants.” The reports also outline greenwashing risks, impacts, proposed mitigation efforts and challenges for their respective industries.
ESMA
ESMA noted that the supervision of sustainability-related claims has become a priority for national competent authorities (NCAs) and that together they are taking steps to better monitor and detect greenwashing and to critically scrutinize sustainability-related claims in various sectors. ESMA’s focus on greenwashing ties into a key focus of the European Green Deal. As we discussed in our June 11 edition , the regulator published a report on the sector’s compliance with MiFID II marketing rules and highlighted concerns regarding sustainability claims. We also discussed a number of its other initiatives in that edition.
ESMA outlined priority areas for supervisors in order to allow them to better mitigate greenwashing risks:
Going forward, ESMA intends to continue monitoring greenwashing risks and supervisory progress.
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EBA
In its report, the EBA provides an overview of greenwashing risks in the banking sector as well as recommendations to institutions, supervisors and policy makers. The outcome of EBA’s analysis of greenwashing demonstrated a clear increase in this trend across all sectors. The EBA reported that the total number of alleged cases increased in 2023 with a 21.1% increase in all regions and 26.1% in the EU compared with 2022.
The EBA analyzes alleged greenwashing occurrences reported by NCAs and provides updates on the impact that greenwashing can have on the market and its stakeholders.
The EBA noted that the existing framework provides key foundations to address greenwashing and that such efforts should continue. It also recommended that institutions take measures at entity and product level to ensure that sustainability claims are accurate, substantiated, up to date and that they fairly represent the institution’s overall profile, or the profile of the product, and are presented in an understandable manner. Finally, the EBA recommended that NCAs pursue their planned and ongoing efforts and activities to identify and monitor greenwashing risks.
EIOPA
EIOPA set out key proposals aimed at enhancing the supervision of greenwashing and improving the sustainable finance regulatory framework. In an accompanying opinion, NCAs can find four key principles that EIOPA recommends they consider when probing sustainability claims:
UK Institute of Directors Consults on Proposed Code of Conduct
In June 2024, the Institute of Directors (IoD) launched a consultation on a proposed Code of Conduct to help UK businesses and their individual directors make the decisions to overcome complex challenges and trade-offs. Recognizing the crucial role that an independent and capable board structure plays in promoting good governance practices within companies, the Code is intended to equip directors with a behavioral framework to help them build the trust of stakeholders, including the wider public, through their business activities. It is structured around six key principles:
Each principle is underpinned by specific undertakings in order to help achieve prescribed outcomes such as respect, confidence, trust, reputation, relationships, resilience, and legitimacy. The Code represents a voluntary commitment and is not intended by the IoD to create new compliance burdens.
The Consultation runs until August 16, 2024 and the IoD is particularly interested in receiving views from stakeholders on, for example, additional issues that should be addressed in the Code, how awareness of the Code could be encouraged among directors and the wider public, and whether there is a role for government, regulators or other professional bodies in encouraging adoption of the Code.