Building Facade: Aesthetics and Functions

The design of the building facade goes beyond its functionality. It encompasses the aesthetic considerations that contribute to the overall architectural expression that plays a significant role in defining the character and identity of the building.

Aesthetic consideration shall comprise the architectural composition and proportions of the facade, creating a sense of balance, harmony, and visual considerations. Hence, the placement and sizes of facade elements, such as windows, doors, and architectural ornament and features, shall be carefully considered to achieve the facade design intent and functionality.

Materiality and Texture. The choice of material for facade design significantly influences the appearance and tactile qualities of a building. Different materials, such as aluminum, glass, stone, metal, or wood, can provide a distinct visual texture, color, and surface finish that can contribute to the overall architectural identity of the building envelope. For instance, the selection and combination of those materials in a single facade elevation can create contrast, rhythm, and visual interest in the building facade.

Color and Finishes. The use of color on a facade can enhance the architectural design, evoke specific emotions, and create visual impact. Architectural color schemes can range from monochromatic or neutral palettes to bold and vibrant combinations. The finishes, on the other hand, such as matte, glossy, semi-glossy, or textures like sandblasted or fitted, can further influence the materiality and add depth to the overall architectural appearance of the building facade.

Architectural Details and Ornamentations. The architectural features, such as moldings, carvings, or sculptures, can contribute to the overall visual and decorative interest of the building facade, highlighting specific features and a sense of craftsmanship and artistry in the facade design. The architectural details and ornamentation are commonly aligned to the unique identity or reference to the specific historical or cultural contexts.

Light and Shadow. The interplay of lights and shadows in facade design can create depth and visual dynamics. Hence, the Facade Designer shall consider the building orientation concerning the impact of natural and artificial lighting to enhance the appearance of the facade elements throughout the day or during nighttime. Therefore, strategic placement of architectural facade elements and the use of shading devices will serve not only for aesthetic purposes but also to create interesting shadow patterns and highlight specific areas of the facade while providing indoor comfort and improving the building's sustainability during its operations.

Conclusion. The aesthetic and function of the building facade shall be one of the primary considerations in architectural design. It was the Facade Designer's responsibility to consider the visual composition, proportions, materiality, texture, color, architectural details, lights, shadows, and architectural integration during and early in the design concept stages to the development and execution of the facade design and details. It shall also be noted that the appearance of a facade contributes to the overall perception of the building and plays a significant role in defining its architectural expression and relation with the surrounding environment.