Bromadiolone

1. Chemical Composition and Properties:

• Active Ingredient:

1. Bromadiolone 0.005% RB: Contains 0.005% of Bromadiolone by weight.

2. Bromadiolone 0.25% CB: Contains 0.25% of Bromadiolone by weight.

• Formulation Type:

1. Bromadiolone 0.005% RB: Rodenticide bait formulation (ready-to-use block).

2. Bromadiolone 0.25% CB: Crumble bait formulation (used in pest control areas).

• Source: Bromadiolone is a second-generation anticoagulant rodenticide, derived from coumarin derivatives.
• Appearance:

1. 0.005% RB: Typically appears as a ready-to-use rodent bait block.

2. 0.25% CB: Appears as a crumble or loose bait form.

• Solubility: Bromadiolone is slightly soluble in water but is more soluble in organic solvents. The baits are formulated to release the active ingredient slowly for effective rodent control.

2. Mode of Action:

• Mechanism: Bromadiolone acts as an anticoagulant by inhibiting the enzyme vitamin K epoxide reductase. This enzyme is crucial for synthesizing clotting factors in the liver. Its inhibition results in internal hemorrhaging, causing death in rodents after delayed symptoms.

3. Target Pests:

Bromadiolone is effective against various rodent species, including:

• Norway rats
• Roof rats
• House mice
• Other rodent pests that infest residential, agricultural, and commercial environments.

4. Application on Crops:

• Crops Treated: Bromadiolone is not directly applied to crops but is used around agricultural and commercial facilities to control rodent populations that may damage crops.
• Dosage:

• 0.005% RB: Typically, rodenticide baits are placed in areas where rodents are active, such as fields, storage areas, or infested premises. Follow label instructions for specific application rates.
• 0.25% CB: Applied in specific targeted areas, typically placed in burrows, nests, or near rodent activity sites.

• Spray Timing: Bromadiolone is not a spray but is used in the form of baits. The best time for placement is when rodent activity is highest, typically at night or early morning.

5. Features and Benefits:

• Selective Action: Bromadiolone is highly effective against rodents and does not affect non-target animals when used in tamper-resistant bait stations.
• Long Residual Activity: The bait remains effective for extended periods, providing consistent rodent control over several weeks.
• Low Resistance Risk: As a second-generation anticoagulant, Bromadiolone has a low risk of developing resistance in rodent populations compared to older rodenticides.
• Environmental Compatibility: It is safe for use in agricultural areas when applied according to the product guidelines, though care must be taken to keep baits away from water sources and non-target animals.

6. Precautions During Use:

• Toxicity:

1. Bromadiolone is highly toxic to rodents, pets, and wildlife if ingested in sufficient amounts. It can be harmful to humans if mishandled.

2. Both formulations are toxic to aquatic life and beneficial organisms, including birds and non-target mammals.

• Protective Measures:

1. Wear gloves, goggles, and protective clothing when handling or applying the product.

2. Keep baits in tamper-resistant stations to minimize the risk to non-target species, particularly pets and children.

3. Avoid inhalation and skin contact with the product.

• Environmental Safety:

1. Avoid applying near water bodies or in areas where there is a risk of contaminating aquatic environments.

2. Ensure that baits are not exposed to areas where non-target animals, including birds and pets, might ingest them.

7. Waiting Period (Pre-harvest Interval):

• Depends on the crop and regional regulations:

1. There is typically no direct application to crops, but if used in storage areas, the product should be cleared before harvesting to avoid contamination.

2. It is important to follow local guidelines and regulations for specific waiting periods if used in agricultural settings.

8. Storage and Handling:

• Storage Conditions:

1. Store Bromadiolone baits in a cool, dry place, away from sunlight, heat, and moisture.

2. Keep the containers tightly sealed to prevent leakage or degradation of the active ingredient.

• Handling:

1. Handle carefully to avoid contamination and spills.

2. In case of spills, clean up the area immediately with soap and water.

3. Follow product guidelines for correct placement and usage in rodent control zones.

9. Toxicology and First Aid:

• Symptoms of Exposure:

1. Skin Contact: Irritation or redness.

2. Eye Contact: Irritation or watering.

3. Inhalation: Headache, dizziness, respiratory distress.

4. Ingestion: Nausea, vomiting, prolonged bleeding, or easy bruising.

• First Aid:

1. Skin Contact: Wash affected area with soap and water immediately.

2. Eye Contact: Flush eyes with water for at least 15 minutes.

3. Inhalation: Move the person to fresh air and provide symptomatic relief.

4. Ingestion: Seek immediate medical attention. Vitamin K1 is the antidote and should be administered under medical supervision.

• Antidote: Vitamin K1 is the specific antidote for Bromadiolone poisoning and should be administered under the supervision of a healthcare professional.

10. Market Information:

• Bromadiolone 0.005% RB and 0.25% CB are widely available in the market for pest control, particularly in residential, agricultural, and commercial pest management applications. These formulations are highly effective for long-term rodent control.

11. Resistance Management:

• Rotate with Other Rodenticides: To prevent resistance, it is recommended to rotate Bromadiolone with other rodenticides with different modes of action.
• Integrated Pest Management (IPM): Combine Bromadiolone with mechanical control methods, such as traps and exclusion practices, to reduce reliance on chemical treatments and minimize resistance risk.
• Monitor Rodent Populations: Regular monitoring of rodent activity will help determine the most effective time for applying baits, ensuring maximum efficacy and reducing the likelihood of resistance.