The Boon and Bane of the Space Ecosystem in Africa: Part 1
Johnmark O.
Space Communicator | Space Advocacy | Journalist | Moderator | Astronomy & Space Science Enthusiast/Educator | Promoting Kenya's Presence in the Global Space Scene |
Space, the final frontier. At this point, most people are aware of the history of the space race, from Russia's many firsts, like the first satellite in space, the first man in space, and the first animal in space, to the United States landing the first man on the moon, which led to their victory in this race that saw superpowers pit their best minds against each other.
As the measuring contest to see who had the most capabilities was going on, the rest of the world was not at a standstill. Many more nations dared to dream and ventured into the final frontier to prove themselves and become space-faring nations. By the power vested in me as your guide through this brief flashback into history, I will mention these worthy contenders: China, India, and Japan, who dared to dream and ventured into the final frontier.
As is evident, Africa doesn’t seem to appear in any part of the history of Space in the world. However, recently, there has been a massive uptake of players in the space sector who are innovating and investing in the space ecosystem, which forms the backbone of this article. In two parts, we will explore where we are as a continent, the challenges we face, and the benefits of space to our economy.
Presently
Africa's journey in the space arena has been marked by progress and unique challenges. Historically, African nations have had limited participation in the global space ecosystem. However, recent developments signal a growing recognition of the opportunities that space-based technologies offer. With expanding space assets and infrastructure, including 355 ground stations, 60 telescopes, 22 planetariums, and over 11 observatories, Africa is beginning to carve out its place in the cosmos. Despite these strides, Africa's path in the space sector has hurdles, highlighting the continent's resilience and determination to overcome them.
Several African countries have taken bold steps by establishing space agencies, reflecting a commitment to harnessing space technology for development. These initiatives, addressing critical areas such as climate monitoring, biodiversity preservation, healthcare, education, and water management, demonstrate Africa's determination to leverage space for the benefit of its people. Notable examples include South Africa's SANSA (South African National Space Agency), Nigeria's NASRDA (National Space Research and Development Agency), and Kenya’s KSA (Kenya Space Agency). Through such agencies, Africa constantly advances its space capabilities and fosters collaboration within the continent, laying the groundwork for a brighter future in space exploration and innovation.
Potential and Opportunity
Space technology presents Africa with vast opportunities, promising transformative solutions to pressing challenges across various sectors. Let's explore the potential applications and the economic impact:
1. Agriculture: Satellite-based remote sensing is critical to revolutionizing agriculture in Africa. By providing real-time data on soil moisture, crop health, and weather patterns, space technology enables precision agriculture techniques that enhance crop yields, reduce resource wastage, and promote sustainable farming practices. For example, monitoring drought-prone regions allows for timely interventions to prevent crop losses, ensuring food security for millions.
2. Environmental Monitoring: Space-based sensors can benefit Africa's rich and diverse ecosystems immensely. By tracking phenomena such as deforestation, desertification, and water quality, satellite technology contributes to preserving ecosystems and biodiversity. Additionally, monitoring air and water pollution aids in safeguarding public health and ensuring a sustainable environment for current and future generations. Notably, the Sentinel-1 mission, part of the European Union's Copernicus program, plays a significant role in African environmental monitoring efforts.
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3. Telecommunications: Satellites serve as vital enablers in bridging the digital divide across the African continent. Satellites empower telemedicine, e-learning, and disaster response initiatives by facilitating broadband connectivity, especially in remote and underserved areas. Ambitious projects like OneWeb and SpaceX's Starlink aim to provide global internet coverage, promising enhanced connectivity and access to information for millions of Africans.
4. Economic Impact: The burgeoning space industry presents Africa with significant economic opportunities. According to SpaceinAfrica’s projections, the African space market could be worth a staggering $22.64 billion by 2026. Investments in space infrastructure yield substantial returns, driving job creation across diverse sectors, including engineering, data analysis, policy development, and entrepreneurship. Furthermore, space-based services contribute to GDP growth, foster innovation, and stimulate regional collaboration, positioning Africa as a critical player in the global space economy.
NewSpace: A Rising Phenomenon in Africa
NewSpace, a term coined to describe the evolving landscape of private and commercial space endeavors, is gaining momentum across Africa. Unlike traditional space programs led by government agencies, NewSpace represents a paradigm shift characterized by innovation, agility, and entrepreneurial spirit. Here's a closer look:
NewSpace encompasses many activities, including satellite manufacturing, launch services, Earth observation, and space-based applications. It emphasizes collaboration, cost-effectiveness, and rapid development cycles. African NewSpace startups are at the forefront of this movement, leveraging cutting-edge technologies to address local and global challenges.
Relevance to Africa: NewSpace aligns perfectly with Africa's aspirations for socio-economic development. African nations can tackle pressing issues such as agriculture, disaster management, and connectivity by fostering homegrown space capabilities. Moreover, NewSpace ventures create jobs, stimulate innovation, and contribute to economic growth.
Disruptive Technologies and Business Models: African NewSpace startups are disrupting the status quo. They explore novel propulsion systems, miniaturized satellites (CubeSats), and reusable launch vehicles. Business models include data-as-a-service, where satellite data is monetized for various applications. For instance, Kwese? iflix, an African streaming service, uses NewSpace data for content delivery.
Investment Trends: Investment in African NewSpace ventures has surged over the past decade. Private equity firms, venture capitalists, and impact investors recognize the potential. Funding supports research, development, and commercialization. Notable investors include HAVAíC, Savannah Fund, and Venture Garden Group.
Areas of Focus:
African NewSpace startups concentrate on diverse areas:
Other focus areas include propulsion system engineering, space tourism, ground station operations, telecommunications, defense and security, Maritime and aviation, mining, agriculture, environment, development, education, and health.
These startups are not only addressing local needs but also contributing to the global space value chain. They are creating value and capturing opportunities in different market segments. For instance, NewSpace Systems, a startup based in Africa, is particularly strong in the area of Attitude Control Systems and predominantly focuses on excelling in the small satellite market.