Biological ageing accelerates in key phases, protein, sex differences in longevity, effects of environmental toxins on health

This month we see the research focus returning to factors that influence ageing and longevity. Typically we think ageing is a linear process measured by the number of years and days we have been alive since being born, but more recent research shows that physiologically that may not be the case. A paper published in Longevity Technology identified two distinct periods where biological development accelerates, the first in young adulthood, where the body physiologically sets itself up for healthspan, and then again in later life where there is an acceleration of organ and system changes, that can either bring about the onset of chronic disease, or, bio-maintain health and vitality into older age. This type of research emphasises the importance of making health intentional throughout life.

A paper published in Cell Metabolism explored the role of dietary protein for healthspan and longevity. In this study, it was found that by limiting intake of the essential branched-chain amino acid Isoleucine, male mice experienced improved glucose regulation, reduced body fat, and had less frailty during ageing than control mice. Interestingly these same effects were not seen as strongly in female mice, suggesting the need for more research into sex-specific differences in biological ageing.

Our long-term health is also significantly affected by our exposome, or the environment in which we live. This month we have seen some concerning research about the effects of persistent environmental toxins on human health and longevity. The National Library of Medicine, published a paper on the effects of microplastics on human brain health, and ACS Publications address the issue of regulating use of, and exposure to, polyfluoroalkyl-Substances (PFAS). These substances have been shown to disrupt endocrine function, induce inflammation, and some have even been shown to be carcinogenic. Reducing our exposure to these substances can be difficult, but by maintaining our health, eating clean, and regularly helping our body to self-clean with antioxidant rich wholefoods, sauna’s, and targeted supplementation we can go a long way to protecting our long-term health.

Mark Payne , Functional Medicine Practitioner (Melbourne Functional Medicine)

The unique mechanism of DdrC in enhancing DNA stability

DdrC, a DNA repair protein from Deinococcus radiodurans, recognises and stabilises DNA breaks by binding to both single-stranded and double-stranded lesions. It bridges and compacts DNA through a novel mechanism dependent on structural asymmetry, enhancing repair efficiency and supporting the bacterium's exceptional resistance to DNA damage.

Ageing’s key transition periods and their impact on health

Ageing undergoes two key periods of rapid change: early adulthood and later life. These transitions significantly impact health and biological ageing, offering opportunities to target interventions and optimise healthspan during these critical phases.

Dietary protein tweaks that enhance longevity and healthspan

Restricting dietary isoleucine boosts metabolic health, decreases frailty, and extends lifespan in genetically diverse mice. Male mice benefit most, showing a 33% lifespan increase. This amino acid adjustment offers a promising, calorie-independent way to enhance healthspan and longevity.

Unique gut mycobiome traits in long-lived individuals

Long-lived individuals exhibit unique gut fungal features, including enriched Candida enterotypes and maintained core taxa like Aspergillus and Penicillium. These fungal patterns, closely linked with beneficial bacterial traits, suggest a role in healthy ageing and longevity through gut microbiome balance and resilience.

Mitochondria therapy improves stromal cell function and longevity

Artificial mitochondrial transplantation rejuvenates mesenchymal stromal cells, reducing senescence and enhancing anti-inflammatory effects. By transferring healthy mitochondria, aged cells regain energy metabolism, diminish oxidative stress, and improve insulin sensitivity, presenting a promising tool for regenerative therapies targeting ageing and chronic inflammation.

Understanding PFAS and their impact on longevity and ageing

Regulations on per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), known as 'forever chemicals', are tightening due to their environmental persistence and potential health risks. Found in consumer products and water sources, stricter guidelines aim to reduce exposure and safeguard public health.

The impact of TRP channel inhibition on longevity

Aminoglycoside antibiotics, such as streptomycin, can inhibit TRP channels, disrupting calcium signalling essential for muscle and adipose tissue development. This interference may impair metabolic balance, potentially affecting healthspan and longevity.

Geographic variation in life expectancy across Anglophone nations

Australia leads in life expectancy among high-income Anglophone nations, outperforming in reducing premature mortality from cardiovascular, respiratory, and external causes. It also exhibits lower geographic inequality in mortality, while the USA lags significantly, highlighting disparities and the importance of effective health policies for ageing populations.

Microplastics found in the brain and their impact on ageing

Researchers detected microplastics in human brain tissue using pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, indicating potential bioaccumulation. This finding raises concerns about microplastics' impact on neurological health and ageing.

To read these articles in full, visit our research feed.

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