Bible Study?20231120 Judith 2:1-28
Bible Study?20231120 Judith 2:1-28
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?The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version, Catholic Edition (Washington, DC: National Council of Churches of Christ, 1993),
??The Expedition against the West
2 In the eighteenth year, on the twenty-second day of the first month, there was talk in the palace of Nebuchadnezzar, king of the Assyrians, about carrying out his revenge on the whole region, just as he had said. 2 He summoned all his ministers and all his nobles and set before them his secret plan and recounted fully, with his own lips, all the wickedness of the region.a 3 They decided that every one who had not obeyed his command should be destroyed.
4 When he had completed his plan, Nebuchadnezzar, king of the Assyrians, called Holofernes, the chief general of his army, second only to himself, and said to him, 5 “Thus says the Great King, the lord of the whole earth: Leave my presence and take with you men confident in their strength, one hundred twenty thousand foot soldiers and twelve thousand cavalry. 6 March out against all the land to the west, because they disobeyed my orders. 7 Tell them to prepare earth and water, for I am coming against them in my anger, and will cover the whole face of the earth with the feet of my troops, to whom I will hand them over to be plundered. 8 Their wounded shall fill their ravines and gullies, and the swelling river shall be filled with their dead. 9 I will lead them away captive to the ends of the whole earth. 10 You shall go and seize all their territory for me in advance. They must yield themselves to you, and you shall hold them for me until the day of their punishment. 11 But to those who resist show no mercy, but hand them over to slaughter and plunder throughout your whole region. 12 For as I live, and by the power of my kingdom, what I have spoken I will accomplish by my own hand. 13 And you—take care not to transgress any of your lord’s commands, but carry them out exactly as I have ordered you; do it without delay.”
Campaign of Holofernes
14 So Holofernes left the presence of his lord, and summoned all the commanders, generals, and officers of the Assyrian army. 15 He mustered the picked troops by divisions as his lord had ordered him to do, one hundred twenty thousand of them, together with twelve thousand archers on horseback, 16 and he organized them as a great army is marshaled for a campaign. 17 He took along a vast number of camels and donkeys and mules for transport, and innumerable sheep and oxen and goats for food; 18 also ample rations for everyone, and a huge amount of gold and silver from the royal palace.
19 Then he set out with his whole army, to go ahead of King Nebuchadnezzar and to cover the whole face of the earth to the west with their chariots and cavalry and picked foot soldiers. 20 Along with them went a mixed crowd like a swarm of locusts, like the dustb of the earth—a multitude that could not be counted.
21 They marched for three days from Nineveh to the plain of Bectileth, and camped opposite Bectileth near the mountain that is to the north of Upper Cilicia. 22 From there Holofernesc took his whole army, the infantry, cavalry, and chariots, and went up into the hill country. 23 He ravaged Put and Lud, and plundered all the Rassisites and the Ishmaelites on the border of the desert, south of the country of the Chelleans. 24 Then he followedd the Euphrates and passed through Mesopotamia and destroyed all the fortified towns along the brook Abron, as far as the sea. 25 He also seized the territory of Cilicia, and killed everyone who resisted him. Then he came to the southern borders of Japheth, facing Arabia. 26 He surrounded all the Midianites, and burned their tents and plundered their sheepfolds. 27 Then he went down into the plain of Damascus during the wheat harvest, and burned all their fields and destroyed their flocks and herds and sacked their towns and ravaged their lands and put all their young men to the sword.
28 So fear and dread of him fell upon all the people who lived along the seacoast, at Sidon and Tyre, and those who lived in Sur and Ocina and all who lived in Jamnia. Those who lived in Azotus and Ascalon feared him greatly.1
a?a Meaning of Gk uncertain
b?b Gk sand
c?c Gk he
d?d Or crossed
1?The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version, Catholic Edition (Washington, DC: National Council of Churches of Christ, 1993), Jdt 2:1–28.
Revelation From God
Author
The author of Judith is unknown.
Date
The exact date the book was written is unknown, however several scholars believe it was written around 100 BCE.
History
Its historical range is extraordinary. Within the reign of Nebuchadnezzar (1:1; 2:1), it telescopes five centuries of historical and geographical information with imaginary details. There are references to Nineveh, the Assyrian capital destroyed in 612 B.C., to Nebuchadnezzar, the ruler not of Assyria but of Babylon (605/604–562), and to the second Temple, built around 515. The postexilic period is presumed (e.g., governance by the High Priest). The Persian period is represented by two characters, Holofernes and Bagoas, who appear together in the military campaigns of Artaxerxes III Ochus (358–338); there seem to be allusions to the second-century Seleucid ruler Antiochus IV Epiphanes. Several mysteries remain: Judith herself, Arphaxad, and others are otherwise unknown. The geographical details, such as the narrow defile into Bethulia (an unidentified town which gives access to the heart of the land), are fanciful. The simple conclusion from these and other details is that the work is historical fiction, written to exalt God as Israel’s deliverer from foreign might, not by an army, but by means of a simple widow.11?New American Bible, Revised Edition. (Washington, DC: The United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, 2011), Jdt.
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Theology
This a an inclusive story of a women that saves Israel, much like the story of Deborah in Judges 4:1-24, Judges 5:1-31. This is a fictional story of the Judge Judith, as she could not have lived 500 years. It is designed to show that all people are important in YHWH’s Kingdom, and that YHWH values all, or that Theophilus reigns supreme, Deut 10:18-19, Deut 11:1-32, Deut 13:3, 1 Sa 18:1-5, 2 Sam 9:1-13, John 3:16, John 13:34-35, Rom 5:8, Rom 13:8-10, 1 Co 13:1-13, Eph 5:1-21, 1 Jn 3:11-14, 1 Jn 4:1-21, 1 Jn 5:3!!!!
Inner-biblical references are noteworthy: as God acted through Moses’ hand (Ex 10:21–22; 14:27–30), so God delivers “by the hand of a female,” Judith. Like Jael, who drove a tent peg through the head of Sisera (Jgs 4), Judith kills an enemy general. Like Deborah (Jgs 4–5), Judith “judges” Israel in the time of military crisis. Like Sarah, the mother of Israel’s future (Gn 17:6), Judith’s beauty deceives foreigners, with the result that blessings redound to Israel (Gn 12:11–20). Her Hebrew name means “Jewish woman.” Her exploits captured the imagination of liturgists, artists, and writers through the centuries. The book is filled with double entendres and ironic situations, e.g., Judith’s conversation with Holofernes in 11:5–8, 19, where “my lord” is ambiguous, and her declaration to Holofernes that she will lead him through Judea to Jerusalem (his head goes on such a journey). 11?New American Bible, Revised Edition. (Washington, DC: The United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, 2011), Jdt.
Structure
This is a fictional historical writing.
Chapter (2) (YHWH the Son, YHWH Bane, Christ Jesus, YHWH Yeshua, Isa 9:6-7, Isa 53:5, John 1:1-5, Joh 1:14!!!! There is (1) Pericope, YHWH the Father, YHWH Ab, John 17:20-26, Eph 3:14-21, Rev 1:8, Rev 22:13 !!!! It has (28) verses whose sum is (10) whose sum is (1) YHWH the Father, YHWH, Ge 1:1, Rev 22:13, ?and is the embodiment of the perfect fulfillment of the Law Mat 5:17-20, Rom 13:8-10, Christ Jesus in You 2 Co 5:17-21, Eph 4:1-32.?(28) is the product of (4) YHWH the Church, YHWH Qahal, Ecclesia Gen 1:4-5, Gen 1:27-31, Gen 3:22, Exo 34:9, Exo 36:18, times (7) the perfect completion of creation, Gen 2:2-3, Rev 22:1-21, Christ Jesus in you,1 Cor 12:1-31, Eph 2:1-22 !!!!!
Purpose?
The purpose of Judith is to shown all, that YHWH includes all in His design and plans and no one is excluded, John 3:16, Matt 19:12!!!!
The purpose of Chapter to (2) is to teach YHWH the Church, YHWH Qahal, Ecclesia Gen 1:4-5, Gen 1:27-31, Gen 3:22, Exo 34:9, Exo 36:18, to Obey the Lord Exo 20:1-21, Deut 6:4-8, Deut 11:8-13, Deut 12:1-32, Deut 13:1-18, Deut 27:1-26, Deut 30:1-20, Mat 22:37-40, John 13:34-35, 1 John 3:11-24, 1 John 4:7-8, 1 John 4:20-21, 1 John 5:3, Rev 22:7, or experience His wrath, Deut 8:5, 1 Sa 4:1-22, 2 Ki 21:10-18, 2 Ki 22:14-17, 2 Ki 25:1-21, Enoch 54:1–10, 54:7–55:2, Enoch 61:5, Enoch 62:2–4, Enoch 62:10–12, Enoch 80:2–8, Enoch 94:6–11, Enoch 98:1–16, Joh 3:18, Joh 3:36, Heb 12:5-8, Rev 2:11-17, Rev 3:19!!!!
Exegesis / Hermeneutical
Conclusion
Chapter to (2) teaches YHWH the Church, YHWH Qahal, Ecclesia Gen 1:4-5, Gen 1:27-31, Gen 3:22, Exo 34:9, Exo 36:18, to Obey the Lord Exo 20:1-21, Deut 6:4-8, Deut 11:8-13, Deut 12:1-32, Deut 13:1-18, Deut 27:1-26, Deut 30:1-20, Mat 22:37-40, John 13:34-35, 1 John 3:11-24, 1 John 4:7-8, 1 John 4:20-21, 1 John 5:3, Rev 22:7, or experience His wrath, Deut 8:5, 1 Sa 4:1-22, 2 Ki 21:10-18, 2 Ki 22:14-17, 2 Ki 25:1-21, Enoch 54:1–10, 54:7–55:2, Enoch 61:5, Enoch 62:2–4, Enoch 62:10–12, Enoch 80:2–8, Enoch 94:6–11, Enoch 98:1–16, Joh 3:18, Joh 3:36, Heb 12:5-8, Rev 2:11-17, Rev 3:19!!!!
Bible Study Question
Do you Obey the Lord?
YHWH calls all to Obey the Him, Exo 20:1-21, Deut 6:4-8, Deut 11:8-13, Deut 12:1-32, Deut 13:1-18, Deut 27:1-26, Deut 30:1-20, Mat 22:37-40, John 13:34-35, 1 John 3:11-24, 1 John 4:7-8, 1 John 4:20-21, 1 John 5:3, Rev 22:7, or experience His wrath, Deut 8:5, 1 Sa 4:1-22, 2 Ki 21:10-18, 2 Ki 22:14-17, 2 Ki 25:1-21, Enoch 54:1–10, 54:7–55:2, Enoch 61:5, Enoch 62:2–4, Enoch 62:10–12, Enoch 80:2–8, Enoch 94:6–11, Enoch 98:1–16, Joh 3:18, Joh 3:36, Heb 12:5-8, Rev 2:11-17, Rev 3:19!!!!