A “better sense of boundaries and less obsession for control”, the National Liberation Army of Myanmar, and common but differentiated responsibilities
Michael Horlick, MPM, M Ed., PMP
Educator, Lexicographer, and Incurable Idealist
Terms to note from today’s PRC Ministry of Foreign Affairs press conference:
Today’s quote:
美国的《涉外情报监视法》出台于水门事件之后，本意是为了防止行政当局滥用权力、任意监听。但2008年增加的702条款，允许安全部门无需法院许可即可实施监听监控。?
The US Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA), adopted after Watergate, was originally aimed at preventing government authorities from abusing power and carrying out arbitrary eavesdropping. However, Section 702, added in 2008, permit the National Security Agency to carry out eavesdropping and surveillance without obtaining an individualized court order.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on December 14, 2023)?
Previous PRC history of the term:
?? 据报道，10日，英国前商务大臣凯布尔表示，英国政府禁止华为5G设备和服务的决定“与国家安全无关”，而是迫于美国压力，是因为“美国告诉我们应该这么做”。在其担任大臣期间，情报和安全部门曾多次保证，使用华为服务不会带来任何风险。?
According to reports, Vince Cable, former UK Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills, said on January 10 that the UK government’s decision to ban Huawei 5G equipment and services “had nothing to do with national security,” and was because of American pressure. He said it was “because the Americans told us we should do it”. He added that during his tenure as the secretary, the intelligence and security services gave repeated assurances that there was no risk posed by using Huawei services.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on January 13, 2022)?
?? 中方愿同哈方加大执法、安全部门合作，加大反干涉双边合作，维护两国政治制度和政权安全，预防和反对任何“颜色革命”图谋，共同反对任何外部势力的干涉渗透；确保中哈合作重大项目安全和顺利运营，相信哈方将切实保障在哈中方机构和人员安全。?
China is ready to work with Kazakhstan to enhance cooperation between law enforcement and security departments, strengthen bilateral cooperation against external interference, uphold the two countries’ political system and political power security, forestall and foil any attempt at instigating “color revolution”, and jointly oppose the interference and infiltration of any external force. Efforts should be made to ensure the safety and smooth operation of major projects under the bilateral cooperation. It is believed that Kazakhstan will earnestly safeguard the safety of Chinese institutions and personnel in the country.? (Foreign Ministry? Regular Press Conference on January 10, 2022)
监控的范围越大，朋友圈就越小。美国应当多一些“边界感”，少一些“掌控欲”。?
The more targets the US spies on, the fewer friends it has. The US needs a better sense of boundary and less obsession for control.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on December 14, 2023)
Today’s quote:
12月13日，联合国气候变化迪拜大会（COP28）经过两周艰难谈判在延长1天后闭幕。大会完成了《巴黎协定》生效以来的首次全球盘点，总结了成绩和缺口，为《巴黎协定》深入实施指明方向，特别是进一步巩固了全球绿色低碳转型大势，具有重要里程碑意义。大会的成功反映出各方对于应对气候变化问题紧迫性的高度共识。会议成果释放出坚持多边主义、以更加团结的精神、更加积极的行动携手应对气候变化的有力信号。本次大会重申了共同但有区别的责任原则，首日即通过了发展中国家高度关注的损失与损害基金决定，之后还通过全球适应目标框架、公正转型工作方案等重要决定。同时，发达国家兑现率先减排、向发展中国家提供资金、技术和能力建设支持的承诺还没有取得实质性进展，单边措施阻碍国际合作的问题没有能够得到有效解决，构建公平合理、合作共赢的全球气候治理体系依然任重道远。中方高度重视这次会议。习近平主席特别代表、中共中央政治局常委、国务院副总理丁薛祥出席了COP28期间举行的世界气候行动峰会、“77国集团和中国”气候变化领导人峰会并致辞。会议期间，中方全面深入参与了各议题磋商，与主席国阿联酋及其他各方密切协调，坚定维护发展中国家共同利益，并就谈判关键问题提供解决方案，推动各方聚同化异，为会议取得积极成果作出重要贡献。未来，中方将继续坚定不移走人与自然和谐共生的中国式现代化道路，并一如既往地积极推进应对气候变化国际合作，与各方一道，推动《巴黎协定》全面有效实施，共同构建清洁美丽世界。?
After two weeks of tough negotiations and one day into overtime, the UN COP28 in Dubai was concluded on December 13 [2023]. The Conference finished the first-ever Global Stocktake since the Paris Agreement took effect, reviewed the past progress and gaps, and charted the course for the further implementation of the Paris Agreement. In particular, this milestone Conference has consolidated the trend of global green and low carbon transition. The success of the Conference reflects the strong consensus of all parties on the urgency of addressing climate change issues. Its outcomes sent out a message of multilateralism and tackling climate change with greater solidarity and stronger action. COP28 reaffirmed the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities. The Conference adopted on its first day the decision on the Loss and Damage Fund which developing countries cared deeply about. The Conference also adopted other major decisions including the Global Goal on Adaptation (GGA) Framework, the Just Transition Work Program, among others. That being said, no substantial progress has been made in fulfilling the pledges made by developed countries of taking the lead in reducing emissions, and providing support of capital, technology and capacity building to developing countries. The issue of unilateral measures hindering international cooperation has not yet been properly resolved. To build a global climate governance system that is fair, reasonable, cooperative and win-win remains an uphill task. China attaches high importance to COP28. President Xi Jinping’s Special Representative, Member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Vice Premier of the State Council Ding Xuexiang attended the World Climate Action Summit and the G77 plus China Summit on climate change and delivered remarks. During COP28, China fully participated in consultations on all topics and coordinated closely with the UAE, the chair of COP28, and other parties to firmly uphold the common interest of developing countries. China also provided solutions for negotiations on key issues, engaged parties to seek common ground while resolving differences and made important contribution to shaping positive outcomes.Going forward, China will stay committed to the path of Chinese modernization featuring harmony between man and nature, continue to actively advance international cooperation on addressing climate change and work with all parties to promote the full and effective implementation of the Paris Agreement and together build a clean, beautiful world.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on December 14, 2023)?
Previous PRC history of the term:
?? 习近平主席是应拜登总统邀请，赴美举行两国元首旧金山会晤，同时应邀出席亚太经合组织领导人非正式会议。。。。 全球治理领域，两国元首强调当前中美应加快努力应对气候危机，欢迎两国气候特使近期开展的积极讨论，包括2020年代国内减排行动，共同推动COP28取得成功，启动中美“强化气候行动工作组”。?
At the invitation of President Joe Biden, President Xi Jinping traveled to San Francisco for a China-U.S. summit meeting and the APEC Economic Leaders’ Meeting [on November 15, 2023] . ... On global governance, the two heads of state underscored the importance of working together to accelerate efforts to tackle the climate crisis, and welcomed recent positive discussions between their respective special envoys for climate, including on national actions to reduce emissions in the 2020s, common approaches toward a successful COP28, and operationalization of the Working Group on Enhancing Climate Action in the 2020s.? (Wang Yi Speaks to the Press about the Summit Meeting Between Chinese and U.S. Presidents in San Francisco_2023_11_15)?
?? 中方高度重视生物多样性保护，自担任COP15主席以来，一直以最高的政治意愿和最强有力的务实行动推动COP15进程，为全球生物多样性保护做出了积极贡献。去年十月，中国举办COP15领导人峰会，习近平主席等9位公约缔约方领导人以及联合国秘书长出席并致辞，为大会注入强大政治推动力。习近平主席在会上提出开启人类高质量发展新征程的四点倡议，并宣布一系列东道国举措，包括率先出资15亿人民币成立昆明生物多样性基金等，为全球生物多样性保护贡献了中国智慧和中国力量。?
China attaches great importance to biodiversity protection. Since it assumed the COP15 presidency, China has advanced the COP15 process with the highest level of political will and most vigorous practical actions, a strong contribution China has made to global biodiversity protection. In October last year, China held the Leaders’ Summit of COP15. President Xi Jinping and the leaders of eight other Parties as well as the UN Secretary-General attended and addressed the summit, which significantly galvanized political will at the meeting. At the event, President Xi Jinping put forward a four-point proposal to start a new journey of high-quality development for humanity and announced a series of measures China would take as the host country, including the initiative to invest 1.5 billion RMB to establish a Kunming Biodiversity Fund. These are the ideas and contributions China has provided to global biodiversity protection.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on December 7, 2022)?
?? 作为主席国，中方一直不遗余力地发挥领导和协调作用，推动“2020年后全球生物多样性框架”谈判进程。自COP15第一阶段会议以来，中方主持召开了近40次《公约》主席团会议，100多场不同层级的双边和多边会议，推动各方凝聚共识。此外，中方还充分利用联合国、二十国集团、气候变化沙姆沙伊赫大会等重要场合和时机，与各国就推动第二阶段会议成功进行沟通协调，有效提振了全球生物多样性治理的政治势头。?
As President, China has spared no effort to lead and coordinate the negotiation process of a post-2020 global biodiversity framework. Since Part I of COP15 began, China has chaired nearly 40 COP Bureau meetings and more than 100 bilateral and multilateral meetings at various levels for consensus building. Besides, China has sought to engage and coordinate with countries for a successful Part II meeting on important occasions including the UN, the G20 and the UN Climate Change Conference in Sharm el Sheikh, which has served to boost the political momentum of global biodiversity governance.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on December 7, 2022)?
?? COP15第二阶段会议将在蒙特利尔召开。中国将持续发挥主席国作用，与各缔约方和利益攸关方密切合作，推动达成“2020年后全球生物多样性框架”，顺利完成大会各项议程，推动《生物多样性公约》有关生物多样性保护、可持续利用，以及惠益分享等三大目标的全面实现。?
The second part of COP15 will soon begin in Montreal. China will continue to play its role as President, closely cooperate with all Parties and stakeholders towards the conclusion of the post-2020 global biodiversity framework and successful completion of all items on COP15’s agenda, and contribute to the full attainment of the three main objectives of the CBD, namely the conservation, sustainable use and sharing of the benefits of biodiversity.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on December 7, 2022)
Today’s quote:
中方一贯坚定支持缅北和平进程，一直为缅相关各方对话接触提供支持和便利。缅北“10·27”战事爆发以来，中方坚持不懈做缅相关各方止战促谈工作，推动局势缓和降温。日前，在中方斡旋和促推下，缅军方和果敢、德昂、若开军在中国境内举行了和谈，就临时停火和保持对话等事项达成协议。目前，缅北冲突交火明显下降，这不仅符合缅相关各方利益，也有助于维护中缅边境安宁。中方希望缅相关各方加紧落实业已达成的协议和共识，彼此保持最大克制，主动缓和现地局势，及时管控突发个案，共同推动缅北局势软着陆。?
China supports the peace process of the northern Myanmar and has provided support and facilitation for dialogue and contact between relevant parties in Myanmar. Since fighting broke out on October 27 in northern Myanmar, China has been making relentless efforts to promote talks to end the fighting and deescalate the situation. With China’s mediation effort, Myanmar’s military recently held peace talks with the Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army, the Ta’ang National Liberation Army and the Arakan Army in China and reached agreement on a number of arrangements, including the temporary ceasefire and maintaining the momentum of dialogue. The conflict in northern Myanmar has been notably deescalating, which not only serves the interest of relevant parties in Myanmar but also helps ensure peace and tranquility at the China-Myanmar border area. China hopes that relevant parties in Myanmar can speed up efforts to implement what has been agreed, exercise maximum restraint, actively ease the situation on the ground, promptly manage sporadic confrontation events and together realize the soft landing of the situation in northern Myanmar.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on December 14, 2023)?
Previous PRC history of the term:
?? 据报道，缅甸全国和解与和平中心（NRPC）与克钦独立军、果敢同盟军、德昂民族解放军和若开军等4支缅北民地武于9月17日在景栋成功举行和谈，双方达成多项共识并签署了会议纪要。?
According to media reports, Myanmar's National Reconciliation and Peace Center (NRPC) held peace talks with four ethnic armed groups, namely the Kachin Independence Army (KIA), the Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army (MNDAA), the Ta'ang National Liberation Army (TNLA) and the Arakan Army (AA) in Kengtung on September 17 [2019], reaching many consensus and signing a meeting minutes.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on September 19, 2019)
Today’s quote:
马来西亚东海岸铁路是中马共建“一带一路”的标志性项目，也是中国企业目前在海外承建的最大单体交通基础设施项目之一。项目进展顺利，工程整体进度已经过半。项目建成后，将填补马来半岛东西岸没有铁路贯通的空白，提高沿线地区互联互通水平。今年是“一带一路”倡议提出10周年，也是中马建立全面战略伙伴关系10周年，今年3月习近平主席同安瓦尔总理就共建中马命运共同体达成重要共识，开启了两国关系的新篇章。中马共建“一带一路”已经形成了东部的关丹产业园、关丹港“一园一港”同西部的巴生港经由东海岸铁路“一线”贯穿的格局。明年是中马建交50周年，期待两国各领域务实合作不断走深走实，为两国人民带来更多福祉。?
The East Coast Rail Link is a landmark of the Belt and Road cooperation between China and Malaysia. It is also one of the largest single transportation infrastructure projects built overseas by Chinese companies. The project now is making smooth progress, with over half being completed. When fully completed, the railway will be the first of its kind that links the east and west coasts of Malaysia, and improve connectivity along the railway. This year marks the 10th anniversary of both the BRI and the establishment of China-Malaysia comprehensive strategic partnership. This March, President Xi Jinping and Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim reached important common understandings on jointly building a China-Malaysia community with a shared future, opening a new chapter in China-Malaysia relations. The bilateral Belt and Road cooperation has borne fruitful results, including Malaysia-China Kuantan Industrial Park and Kuantan Port, which, along with Port Klang, are to be connected by the ECRL. Next year will see the 50th anniversary of the establishment of bilateral ties. We hope that the two sides can further deepen bilateral practical cooperation in various fields and bring more benefits to the two peoples.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on December 14, 2023)?
Previous PRC history of the term:
?? 中国和东盟国家共建“一带一路”合作捷报频传，始终在快车道上加速奔跑。... 雅万高铁即将建成通车，国际陆海贸易新通道、中泰铁路、马来西亚东海岸铁路等重大项目也都在顺利推进。?
The China-ASEAN Belt and Road cooperation has been going full steam and delivering fruitful results. ... The Jakarta-Bandung High-speed Railway in Indonesia will soon be up and running. Major projects are well underway, including the new international land-sea corridor, China-Thailand Railway and the East Coast Rail Link in Malaysia.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on June 15, 2023)?
?? 从东盟首条高铁雅万高铁成功试验运行，到越南河内轻轨二号线投入使用，从柬埔寨第一条高速公路金港高速公路通车，到中企承建的马来西亚东海岸铁路进入加速建设期，中国同东盟国家战略对接不断加深，携手打造了高质量共建“一带一路”的样板。?
From the successful trial operation of the Jakarta-Bandung High-speed Railway, the first of its kind in ASEAN, to the inauguration of the Hanoi Metro Line 2A, from the opening of the Phnom Penh-Sihanoukville Expressway, the first highway in Cambodia, to the accelerated construction of the China-built East Coast Rail Link in Malaysia, China and ASEAN countries have further drawn synergy from their development strategies and jointly set up a model for high-quality BRI cooperation.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on April 13, 2023)?
?? 双方一致同意加强发展战略对接，不断提升高质量共建“一带一路”水平，继续推进好马来西亚东海岸铁路、“两国双园”等重点项目，培育数字经济、绿色发展、新能源等领域的合作增长点。?
Our two countries [China and Malaysia] have a lot in common with regard to development philosophies and objectives. Both agree to seek greater synergy in development strategies, enhance high-quality Belt and Road cooperation, advance priority projects such as the East Coast Rail Link and the “Two Countries, Twin Parks”, and foster new growth points in digital economy, green growth, new energy and other areas of cooperation.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on April 3, 2023)
Today’s quote:
美国的《涉外情报监视法》出台于水门事件之后，本意是为了防止行政当局滥用权力、任意监听。但2008年增加的702条款，允许安全部门无需法院许可即可实施监听监控。?
The US Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA), adopted after Watergate, was originally aimed at preventing government authorities from abusing power and carrying out arbitrary eavesdropping. However, Section 702, added in 2008, permit the National Security Agency to carry out eavesdropping and surveillance without obtaining an individualized court order.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on December 14, 2023)?
Previous PRC history of the term:
?? 美国《涉外情报监视法》第702条允许美情报机构在未经法院许可情况下对“外国目标”实施监听，这一条款将于今年年底到期，而白宫宣称延长该条款有效期是本届美国政府的“关键优先事项”。?
Section 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) allows the US intelligence agencies to conduct warrantless surveillance of foreign targets. That section is set to expire by the end of this year, but the White House has declared that reauthorization of Section 702 is a top priority for the administration.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on June 9, 2023)
Today’s quote:
本次大会重申了共同但有区别的责任原则，首日即通过了发展中国家高度关注的损失与损害基金决定，之后还通过全球适应目标框架、公正转型工作方案等重要决定。同时，发达国家兑现率先减排、向发展中国家提供资金、技术和能力建设支持的承诺还没有取得实质性进展，单边措施阻碍国际合作的问题没有能够得到有效解决，构建公平合理、合作共赢的全球气候治理体系依然任重道远。?
COP28 reaffirmed the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities. The Conference adopted on its first day the decision on the Loss and Damage Fund which developing countries cared deeply about. The Conference also adopted other major decisions including the Global Goal on Adaptation (GGA) Framework, the Just Transition Work Program, among others. That being said, no substantial progress has been made in fulfilling the pledges made by developed countries of taking the lead in reducing emissions, and providing support of capital, technology and capacity building to developing countries. The issue of unilateral measures hindering international cooperation has not yet been properly resolved. To build a global climate governance system that is fair, reasonable, cooperative and win-win remains an uphill task.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on December 14, 2023)?
Previous PRC history of the term:
?? 中国建成了世界最大的清洁发电网络，贡献了本世纪以来全球25%的新增绿化面积，以年均3%的能源消费增速支撑了年均超过6%的经济增长，成为全球水电、风电、太阳能发电装机容量最多的国家。积极参与全球环境治理，倡导国际社会全面有效落实《联合国气候变化框架公约》及其《巴黎协定》，坚持“共同但有区别的责任”原则。?
China has built the world’s largest clean power generation network, contributed 25 percent of the world’s newly added green area since 2000, and enabled an annual economic growth rate of over 6 percent with an average annual energy consumption growth rate of 3 percent. It has the largest installed capacity of hydropower, wind power, and solar power in the world.? It actively participates in global environmental governance, advocates the comprehensive and effective implementation by the international community of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Paris Agreement, and adheres to the principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities”.? (White_Paper_Global Community of Shared Future- China’s Proposals and Actions_携手构建人类命运共同体：中国的倡议与行动_2023_09_26)?
?? 《联合国气候变化框架公约》和《巴黎协定》就国际社会共同应对气候变化的原则和目标达成了共识，要求各方基于共同但有区别的责任原则，将全球平均温升控制在2℃以内，并为将温升控制在1.5℃以内而努力。?
Consensus has been reached under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Paris Agreement on the principles and goals of the global climate response. The main goal is to limit global warming to well below 2, preferably to 1.5 degrees Celsius on the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities (CBDR).? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on November 18, 2022)?
?? 我们要坚持共同但有区别的责任原则，在发展框架内推进应对气候变化国际合作，落实《联合国气候变化框架公约》第二十六次缔约方大会成果。?
We need to uphold the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities, promote international cooperation on climate change in the context of development, and implement the outcomes of COP26 to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.? (Xi_Jinping_Forge Ahead with Confidence and Fortitude to Jointly Create a Better Post-COVID World Special Address by at the 2022 World Economic Forum Virtual Session在2022年世界经济论坛视频会议的演讲_坚定信心勇毅前行共创后疫情时代美好世界 202201_17)?
?? 要坚持共同但有区别的责任原则，落实好应对气候变化《巴黎协定》和《生物多样性公约》第十五次缔约方大会成果。?
We need to follow the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and deliver on what was agreed upon in the Paris Agreement on climate change and at the 15th Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity.? (Xi Jinping_Keynote Speech at the APEC CEO Summit_ 习近平在亚太经合组织工商领导人峰会上的主旨演讲_2021_11_11)
本次大会重申了共同但有区别的责任原则，首日即通过了发展中国家高度关注的损失与损害基金决定，之后还通过全球适应目标框架、公正转型工作方案等重要决定。?
COP28 reaffirmed the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities. The Conference adopted on its first day the decision on the Loss and Damage Fund which developing countries cared deeply about. The Conference also adopted other major decisions including the Global Goal on Adaptation (GGA) Framework, the Just Transition Work Program, among others.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on December 14, 2023)
中方一贯坚定支持缅北和平进程，一直为缅相关各方对话接触提供支持和便利。缅北“10·27”战事爆发以来，中方坚持不懈做缅相关各方止战促谈工作，推动局势缓和降温。日前，在中方斡旋和促推下，缅军方和果敢、德昂、若开军在中国境内举行了和谈，就临时停火和保持对话等事项达成协议。目前，缅北冲突交火明显下降，这不仅符合缅相关各方利益，也有助于维护中缅边境安宁。中方希望缅相关各方加紧落实业已达成的协议和共识，彼此保持最大克制，主动缓和现地局势，及时管控突发个案，共同推动缅北局势软着陆。?
China supports the peace process of the northern Myanmar and has provided support and facilitation for dialogue and contact between relevant parties in Myanmar. Since fighting broke out on October 27 in northern Myanmar, China has been making relentless efforts to promote talks to end the fighting and deescalate the situation. With China’s mediation effort, Myanmar’s military recently held peace talks with the Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army, the Ta’ang National Liberation Army and the Arakan Army in China and reached agreement on a number of arrangements, including the temporary ceasefire and maintaining the momentum of dialogue. The conflict in northern Myanmar has been notably deescalating, which not only serves the interest of relevant parties in Myanmar but also helps ensure peace and tranquility at the China-Myanmar border area. China hopes that relevant parties in Myanmar can speed up efforts to implement what has been agreed, exercise maximum restraint, actively ease the situation on the ground, promptly manage sporadic confrontation events and together realize the soft landing of the situation in northern Myanmar.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on December 14, 2023)?
Previous PRC history of the term:
?? 据媒体报道，缅军高层日前表示，5月14日发生的缅方炮弹致中国边民受伤事件，并非缅政府军所为，而是果敢武装组织意图破坏两国关系。?
A senior military official of Myanmar was cited by the media as saying that the shells that injured Chinese border residents on May 14 were not fired by the government forces but the ethnic armed group of Kokang with the purpose of damaging relations between China and Myanmar.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on May 20, 2015)?
?? 缅北果敢地区冲突已持续3个多月，缅方炮弹多次落入中国境内，严重危及中方人员生命财产安全，严重影响中缅边境地区稳定。?
Conflicts in the Kokang area of Northern Myanmar have lasted for over three months, during which multiple shells fired by the Myanmar side fell into China and put the life and property security of the Chinese people as well as stability of the China-Myanmar border area in great danger.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on May 15, 2015)?
?? 有7名缅甸士兵在中缅边境地区遭到武装分子袭击丧生，缅方认为是果敢武装所为。?
7 Myanmar soldiers were killed by militants close to the Chinese border. The Myanmar authorities blamed the attack on the Kokang insurgents.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on December 15, 2014?
Today’s quote:
据报道，联合国气候变化迪拜大会（COP28）达成协议，缔约方代表进行首次全球盘点，旨在实现公约目标。公约执行秘书斯蒂尔在闭幕词中称，COP28协议标志着化石燃料时代终结的开始。?
It is reported that COP28 in Dubai has reached an agreement, and the representatives of Contracting Parties have concluded the first Global Stocktake aimed at realizing the targets of the UNFCCC. Simon Stiell, UN Climate Change Executive Secretary, said in his closing speech to the Conference that the agreement signals “the beginning of the end” of the fossil fuel era.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on December 14, 2023)?
Previous PRC history of the term:
?? 哈尔萨电站是卡塔尔第一座非化石燃料电站，是卡塔尔推进“2030国家愿景”建设的重点项目，有力支撑了卡塔尔举办“碳中和”世界杯的承诺。? The Al Kharsaah PV power station is the first non-fossil fuel power station in Qatar, a key project under the Qatar 2030 National Vision and instrumental in delivering Qatar’s commitment of hosting a “carbon neutral” World Cup.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on December 5, 2022)
Today’s quote:
美国国家安全委员会成员盖尔泽称，美国情报部门无需经过授权即监听海外非美国公民、加强国际监控的法律重要依据条文，即《涉外情报监视法》（FISA）第702条将于12月31日到期。
US National Security Council member Joshua Geltzer said that Section 702 of the US Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA), an important legal basis for US intelligence authorities to eavesdrop on non-US citizens overseas and step up international surveillance without authorization, will expire on December 31 [2023]. It was estimated that nearly 60 percent of President Biden’s daily intelligence brief came from these “big ears”.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on December 14, 2023)?
Previous PRC history of the term:
?? 美国的《涉外情报监视法》出台于水门事件之后，本意是为了防止行政当局滥用权力、任意监听。但2008年增加的702条款，允许安全部门无需法院许可即可实施监听监控。此后，美国政府不断扩大监听监控范围，插手别国内政，干预国际事务，这种作法与国际法和国际关系基本准则背道而驰。监控的范围越大，朋友圈就越小。美国应当多一些“边界感”，少一些“掌控欲”。?
The US Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA), adopted after Watergate, was originally aimed at preventing government authorities from abusing power and carrying out arbitrary eavesdropping. However, Section 702, added in 2008, permit the National Security Agency to carry out eavesdropping and surveillance without obtaining an individualized court order. After that, the US government has been expanding the scope of eavesdropping and surveillance to interfere in other countries’ internal affairs and meddle in the normal course of international affairs. This runs counter to international law and basic norms governing international relations. The more targets the US spies on, the fewer friends it has. The US needs a better sense of boundary and less obsession for control.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on December 14, 2023)?
?? 近期关于美国对包括其盟国在内的世界各国和国际组织实施监视监听的新闻报道再次引发国际社会轩然大波，但事实上这已不是美国第一次被曝出类似丑闻。?
The news about US spying on countries, including its allies, and international organizations has created international furore. However, this is not the first time that such scandals involving the US have been revealed.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on April 19, 2023)?
?? 美国曾长年监听欧洲国家领导人通话，近期美国军方“泄密门”事件也暴露出美国对盟国的大规模监控。?
The US has long eavesdropped on the phone calls of leaders of European countries. The recent leak of US military documents also exposes the US’s large-scale surveillance over its allies.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on April 18, 2023)?
?? 2013年，“棱镜门”事件揭露美国对包括中国在内的全球各国进行网络窃密，美国甚至要求微软、雅虎、谷歌、苹果等在内的9家国际网络巨头配合美国政府秘密监听，并入侵德国、韩国等多个国家的网络设备。?
In 2013, PRISM revealed how the US engaged in cyber espionage across the world, including against China. The US even asked nine international internet giants, including Microsoft, Yahoo, Google and Apple to cooperate with the US government to secretly monitor information. The program even invaded the network equipment of multiple countries including Germany and the ROK.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on April 12, 2023)
Today’s quote;
美国的《涉外情报监视法》出台于水门事件之后，本意是为了防止行政当局滥用权力、任意监听。?
The US Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA), adopted after Watergate, was originally aimed at preventing government authorities from abusing power and carrying out arbitrary eavesdropping.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on December 14, 2023)?
Previous PRC history of the term:
?? 今年要继续推进简政放权，而且要加快推进“权力清单”公布，界定权力的边界，防止滥用权力。?
This year [2014], we will continue to streamline administration and delegate government power. We are going to release to the public a list of powers as quickly as possible and set down a clear boundary for the exercise of power to prevent power abuse.? (Premier Li Keqiang_Press Conference March 13 2014)
美国国家安全委员会成员盖尔泽称，美国情报部门无需经过授权即监听海外非美国公民、加强国际监控的法律重要依据条文，即《涉外情报监视法》（FISA）第702条将于12月31日到期。估计拜登每日简报内容有近60%来自这些“情报大耳朵”信息。?
US National Security Council member Joshua Geltzer said that Section 702 of the US Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA), an important legal basis for US intelligence authorities to eavesdrop on non-US citizens overseas and step up international surveillance without authorization, will expire on December 31 [2023]. It was estimated that nearly 60 percent of President Biden’s daily intelligence brief came from these “big ears”. ?(Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on December 14, 2023)
中方一贯坚定支持缅北和平进程，一直为缅相关各方对话接触提供支持和便利。缅北“10·27”战事爆发以来，中方坚持不懈做缅相关各方止战促谈工作，推动局势缓和降温。日前，在中方斡旋和促推下，缅军方和果敢、德昂、若开军在中国境内举行了和谈，就临时停火和保持对话等事项达成协议。目前，缅北冲突交火明显下降，这不仅符合缅相关各方利益，也有助于维护中缅边境安宁。中方希望缅相关各方加紧落实业已达成的协议和共识，彼此保持最大克制，主动缓和现地局势，及时管控突发个案，共同推动缅北局势软着陆。?
China supports the peace process of the northern Myanmar and has provided support and facilitation for dialogue and contact between relevant parties in Myanmar. Since fighting broke out on October 27 in northern Myanmar, China has been making relentless efforts to promote talks to end the fighting and deescalate the situation. With China’s mediation effort, Myanmar’s military recently held peace talks with the Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army, the Ta’ang National Liberation Army and the Arakan Army in China and reached agreement on a number of arrangements, including the temporary ceasefire and maintaining the momentum of dialogue. The conflict in northern Myanmar has been notably deescalating, which not only serves the interest of relevant parties in Myanmar but also helps ensure peace and tranquility at the China-Myanmar border area. China hopes that relevant parties in Myanmar can speed up efforts to implement what has been agreed, exercise maximum restraint, actively ease the situation on the ground, promptly manage sporadic confrontation events and together realize the soft landing of the situation in northern Myanmar.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on December 14, 2023)
美国国家安全委员会成员盖尔泽称，美国情报部门无需经过授权即监听海外非美国公民、加强国际监控的法律重要依据条文，即《涉外情报监视法》（FISA）第702条将于12月31日到期。估计拜登每日简报内容有近60%来自这些“情报大耳朵”信息。?
US National Security Council member Joshua Geltzer said that Section 702 of the US Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA), an important legal basis for US intelligence authorities to eavesdrop on non-US citizens overseas and step up international surveillance without authorization, will expire on December 31 [2023]. It was estimated that nearly 60 percent of President Biden’s daily intelligence brief came from these “big ears”.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on December 14, 2023)
Today’s quote:
12月13日，联合国气候变化迪拜大会（COP28）经过两周艰难谈判在延长1天后闭幕。大会完成了《巴黎协定》生效以来的首次全球盘点，总结了成绩和缺口，为《巴黎协定》深入实施指明方向，特别是进一步巩固了全球绿色低碳转型大势，具有重要里程碑意义。?
After two weeks of tough negotiations and one day into overtime, the UN COP28 in Dubai was concluded on December 13 [2023]. The Conference finished the first-ever Global Stocktake since the Paris Agreement took effect, reviewed the past progress and gaps, and charted the course for the further implementation of the Paris Agreement. In particular, this milestone Conference has consolidated the trend of global green and low carbon transition.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on December 14, 2023)?
Previous PRC history of the term:
?? 绿水青山就是金山银山，保护生态环境就是保护生产力，改善生态环境就是发展生产力。应对气候变化代表了全球绿色低碳转型的大方向。?
China holds the view that clear waters and green mountains are invaluable assets, and that eco-environmental protection and improvement lead to greater productivity. Mitigating climate change reflects the overall global transition towards green and low-carbon living.? (White_Paper_Responding to Climate Change_China's Policies and Actions_《中国应对气候变化的政策与行动_2021_10_27)
Today’s quote:
12月13日，联合国气候变化迪拜大会（COP28）经过两周艰难谈判在延长1天后闭幕。大会完成了《巴黎协定》生效以来的首次全球盘点，总结了成绩和缺口，为《巴黎协定》深入实施指明方向，特别是进一步巩固了全球绿色低碳转型大势，具有重要里程碑意义。?
After two weeks of tough negotiations and one day into overtime, the UN COP28 in Dubai was concluded on December 13 [2023]. The Conference finished the first-ever Global Stocktake since the Paris Agreement took effect, reviewed the past progress and gaps, and charted the course for the further implementation of the Paris Agreement. In particular, this milestone Conference has consolidated the trend of global green and low carbon transition.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on December 14, 2023)?
Previous PRC history of the term:
?? 即将举行的《公约》第28次缔约方大会将对《巴黎协定》进行首次全球盘点，各方对全球盘点的成果抱有高度期待。我们希望此次全球盘点聚焦落实，全面评估实现《巴黎协定》目标集体进展，评估发达国家目标和行动力度与其减排义务的差距，识别发展中国家所需支持缺口，切实敦促发达国家兑现承诺。我们也期待本届大会以全球盘点为契机，践行以联合国为核心的多边主义，充分回应发展中国家关切，务实推进公正绿色转型，团结合作应对气候变化，为落实《公约》及其《巴黎协定》创造更为有利的条件，向国际社会发出聚焦行动与合作的积极信号。?
The upcoming COP28 will see the first-ever global stocktake of the Paris Agreement, which is highly anticipated by all parties. We hope that this global stocktake will focus on implementation, fully assess the collective progress of realizing goals set in the Paris Agreement, evaluate the gap between developed countries’ targets and actions and their obligations in cutting emissions, identify the gap between the needs of developing countries and the support provided, and earnestly urge developed countries to deliver on their promises. We hope that COP28 will take the global stocktake as an opportunity to act on multilateralism with the UN at its core, fully address developing countries’ concerns, advance a just green transition pragmatically and respond to climate change with solidarity and cooperation so as to create more favorable conditions to implement the Convention and the Agreement and send a positive message of focusing on action and cooperation to the international community.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on November 29, 2023)?
?? 联合国气候变化迪拜大会（COP28）将于本月底举行，会议将进行《巴黎协定》生效后首次全球盘点，具有重要的阶段性意义。。。。中方将同各方一道，支持阿联酋发挥大会主席国作用，以全球盘点为契机，聚焦落实行动，强化支持手段，共建公平合理、合作共赢的全球气候治理体系。?
COP28, which will open at the end of this month, will see the first-ever global stocktake since the Paris Agreement came into effect. It will be of milestone significance. ...China will work with all parties to support the UAE’s presidency and use the global stocktake as an opportunity to step up implementation, strengthen supporting measures and jointly build a fair, reasonable and win-win global climate governance system.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on November 28, 2023)?
?? 联合国气候变化迪拜大会（COP28）主席国阿联酋将举行世界气候行动峰会，为COP28提供政治引领。COP28将举行《巴黎协定》生效后首次全球盘点，对全球气候治理进程具有重要阶段性意义。?
The UAE will hold the World Climate Action Summit in Dubai as the chair of the UN COP28 to provide political guidance for COP28. The first-ever global stocktake since the Paris Agreement came into effect will conclude at COP28, which is a key milestone for global climate governance.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on November 24, 2023)
本次大会重申了共同但有区别的责任原则，首日即通过了发展中国家高度关注的损失与损害基金决定，之后还通过全球适应目标框架、公正转型工作方案等重要决定。?
COP28 reaffirmed the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities. The Conference adopted on its first day the decision on the Loss and Damage Fund which developing countries cared deeply about. The Conference also adopted other major decisions including the Global Goal on Adaptation (GGA) Framework, the Just Transition Work Program, among others.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on December 14, 2023)
Today’s quote:
本次大会重申了共同但有区别的责任原则，首日即通过了发展中国家高度关注的损失与损害基金决定，之后还通过全球适应目标框架、公正转型工作方案等重要决定。同时，发达国家兑现率先减排、向发展中国家提供资金、技术和能力建设支持的承诺还没有取得实质性进展，单边措施阻碍国际合作的问题没有能够得到有效解决，构建公平合理、合作共赢的全球气候治理体系依然任重道远。?
COP28 reaffirmed the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities. The Conference adopted on its first day the decision on the Loss and Damage Fund which developing countries cared deeply about. The Conference also adopted other major decisions including the Global Goal on Adaptation (GGA) Framework, the Just Transition Work Program, among others. That being said, no substantial progress has been made in fulfilling the pledges made by developed countries of taking the lead in reducing emissions, and providing support of capital, technology and capacity building to developing countries. The issue of unilateral measures hindering international cooperation has not yet been properly resolved. To build a global climate governance system that is fair, reasonable, cooperative and win-win remains an uphill task.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on December 14, 2023)?
Previous PRC history of the term:
?? 世界正面临多重治理危机，能源危机、粮食危机、债务危机等不断加剧；全球气候治理紧迫性凸显，绿色低碳转型任重道远；数字鸿沟日益扩大，人工智能治理缺位。?
The world is facing multiple governance crises. The energy crisis, food crisis, and debt crisis are intensifying. Global climate governance is urgently needed, and the transition to green, low-carbon development requires dedicated efforts over an extended period of time. The digital divide continues to expand, and sound governance of artificial intelligence is lacking.? (White_Paper_Global Community of Shared Future- China’s Proposals and Actions_携手构建人类命运共同体：中国的倡议与行动_2023_09_26)?
?? 全面实现儿童权利保护任重道远。中国将继续积极参与国际合作?
To realize full protection of child rights globally remains an uphill battle. China will continue to take an active part in international cooperation and work for greater progress in the global cause to improve children’s wellbeing.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on March 2, 2023)?
?? 同时，发达国家仍未能兑现其每年向发展中国家提供1000亿美元气候资金承诺，全球适应资金翻倍的路线图仍不明朗，不利于构建南北互信，全球气候治理任重道远。?
In the meantime, developed countries have yet to deliver on their promise of mobilizing $100 billion per year for climate action in developing countries and to offer a roadmap for doubling adaptation finance. This is not a good way to build mutual trust between the North and the South. Global climate governance remains an uphill task.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on November 21, 2022)?
?? 全面建设社会主义现代化国家，是一项伟大而艰巨的事业，前途光明，任重道远。?
Building a modern socialist country in all respects is a great and arduous endeavor. Our future is bright, but we still have a long way to go.? (Xi_Jinping_Speech at the 20th National Party Congress_2022_10_16)
Today’s quote:
中方一贯坚定支持缅北和平进程，一直为缅相关各方对话接触提供支持和便利。缅北“10·27”战事爆发以来，中方坚持不懈做缅相关各方止战促谈工作，推动局势缓和降温。日前，在中方斡旋和促推下，缅军方和果敢、德昂、若开军在中国境内举行了和谈，就临时停火和保持对话等事项达成协议。目前，缅北冲突交火明显下降，这不仅符合缅相关各方利益，也有助于维护中缅边境安宁。中方希望缅相关各方加紧落实业已达成的协议和共识，彼此保持最大克制，主动缓和现地局势，及时管控突发个案，共同推动缅北局势软着陆。?
China supports the peace process of the northern Myanmar and has provided support and facilitation for dialogue and contact between relevant parties in Myanmar. Since fighting broke out on October 27 in northern Myanmar, China has been making relentless efforts to promote talks to end the fighting and deescalate the situation. With China’s mediation effort, Myanmar’s military recently held peace talks with the Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army, the Ta’ang National Liberation Army and the Arakan Army in China and reached agreement on a number of arrangements, including the temporary ceasefire and maintaining the momentum of dialogue. The conflict in northern Myanmar has been notably deescalating, which not only serves the interest of relevant parties in Myanmar but also helps ensure peace and tranquility at the China-Myanmar border area. China hopes that relevant parties in Myanmar can speed up efforts to implement what has been agreed, exercise maximum restraint, actively ease the situation on the ground, promptly manage sporadic confrontation events and together realize the soft landing of the situation in northern Myanmar.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on December 14, 2023)?
?? 据报道，缅甸全国和解与和平中心（NRPC）与克钦独立军、果敢同盟军、德昂民族解放军和若开军等4支缅北民地武于9月17日在景栋成功举行和谈，双方达成多项共识并签署了会议纪要。?
According to media reports, Myanmar's National Reconciliation and Peace Center (NRPC) held peace talks with four ethnic armed groups, namely the Kachin Independence Army (KIA), the Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army (MNDAA), the Ta'ang National Liberation Army (TNLA) and the Arakan Army (AA) in Kengtung on September 17 [2019], reaching many consensus and signing a meeting minutes.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on September 19, 2019)?
?? 据报道，5日，缅甸警方称，缅甸布迪当镇区警察局下属的4个警察哨所4日遭若开军武装袭击，造成多名警员伤亡。?
The Myanmar police said on January 5 that four police posts in the Buthidaung area of Myanmar were attacked on January 4 by the Arakan Army, killing and injuring a few policemen.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on January 7, 2019)
Today’s quote:
美国国家安全委员会成员盖尔泽称，美国情报部门无需经过授权即监听海外非美国公民、加强国际监控的法律重要依据条文，即《涉外情报监视法》（FISA）第702条将于12月31日到期。估计拜登每日简报内容有近60%来自这些“情报大耳朵”信息。?
US National Security Council member Joshua Geltzer said that Section 702 of the US Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA), an important legal basis for US intelligence authorities to eavesdrop on non-US citizens overseas and step up international surveillance without authorization, will expire on December 31 [2023]. It was estimated that nearly 60 percent of President Biden’s daily intelligence brief came from these “big ears”.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on December 14, 2023)?
Previous PRC history of the term:
?? 美国的《涉外情报监视法》出台于水门事件之后，本意是为了防止行政当局滥用权力、任意监听。但2008年增加的702条款，允许安全部门无需法院许可即可实施监听监控。此后，美国政府不断扩大监听监控范围，插手别国内政，干预国际事务，这种作法与国际法和国际关系基本准则背道而驰。监控的范围越大，朋友圈就越小。美国应当多一些“边界感”，少一些“掌控欲”。?
The US Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA), adopted after Watergate, was originally aimed at preventing government authorities from abusing power and carrying out arbitrary eavesdropping. However, Section 702, added in 2008, permit the National Security Agency to carry out eavesdropping and surveillance without obtaining an individualized court order. After that, the US government has been expanding the scope of eavesdropping and surveillance to interfere in other countries’ internal affairs and meddle in the normal course of international affairs. This runs counter to international law and basic norms governing international relations. The more targets the US spies on, the fewer friends it has. The US needs a better sense of boundary and less obsession for control.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on December 14, 2023)?
?? 美国《涉外情报监视法》第702条允许美情报机构在未经法院许可情况下对“外国目标”实施监听，这一条款将于今年年底到期，而白宫宣称延长该条款有效期是本届美国政府的“关键优先事项”。?
Section 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) allows the US intelligence agencies to conduct warrantless surveillance of foreign targets. That section is set to expire by the end of this year, but the White House has declared that reauthorization of Section 702 is a top priority for the administration.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on June 9, 2023)
美国的《涉外情报监视法》出台于水门事件之后，本意是为了防止行政当局滥用权力、任意监听。?
The US Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA), adopted after Watergate, was originally aimed at preventing government authorities from abusing power and carrying out arbitrary eavesdropping.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on December 14, 2023)
Today’s quote:
本次大会重申了共同但有区别的责任原则，首日即通过了发展中国家高度关注的损失与损害基金决定，之后还通过全球适应目标框架、公正转型工作方案等重要决定。?
COP28 reaffirmed the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities. The Conference adopted on its first day the decision on the Loss and Damage Fund which developing countries cared deeply about. The Conference also adopted other major decisions including the Global Goal on Adaptation (GGA) Framework, the Just Transition Work Program, among others.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on December 14, 2023)?
Previous PRC history of the term:
?? 会议成果体现了包括共同但有区别的责任原则在内的《公约》和《巴黎协定》制度原则，就减缓、适应等《协定》履约重点议题作出进一步安排，有助于《协定》全面有效实施。会议还就损失与损害资金作出框架安排，建立损失与损害基金，有力回应了发展中国家的迫切诉求。?
The outcomes of COP27 demonstrated the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and other institutional principles of the UNFCCC and the Paris Agreement and laid out the steps to be taken on mitigation, adaptation and other key issues on the agenda of the compliance with the Paris Agreement, which is conducive to the full and effective implementation of the Agreement. The conference also created a framework arrangement for the funding on loss and damage and set up a loss and damage fund to effectively address the urgent need of developing countries.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on November 21, 2022)
监控的范围越大，朋友圈就越小。美国应当多一些“边界感”，少一些“掌控欲”。?
The more targets the US spies on, the fewer friends it has. The US needs a better sense of boundary and less obsession for control.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on December 14, 2023)
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