Besides monkeypox, what other zoonotic diseases?

On May 29, 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) issued a disease information circular, assessing the global public health risk of monkeypox as moderate. WHO said in the notification that between May 13 and 26, 23 non-monkeypox-endemic countries and regions have reported 257 confirmed cases of monkeypox to WHO, and about 120 suspected cases have not yet been reported. Reports found fatalities. Monkeypox is a zoonose disease, which in recent years has accounted for a large proportion of all newly discovered infectious diseases as well as many existing infectious diseases, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Egypt bola virus disease, salmonellosis, etc., and even coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are zoonotic diseases.

Zoonoses are diseases that are caused by the same pathogen, are epidemiologically related to each other, and are naturally transmitted and infected between animals and humans. A disease constitutes a zoonotic disease with three characteristics:

1. Caused by a common source of infection, including bacteria, viruses, mycoplasma, spirochetes, rickettsia, chlamydia, fungi, protozoa, etc.

2. In epidemiology, animals are an indispensable link in the occurrence and spread of human diseases, and both animals and humans are susceptible to pathogens.

3. In terms of transmission routes, pathogens can naturally spread horizontally between humans and animals, mainly by contact infection, which can be direct contact or indirect contact with media.

Of the 1,415 human diseases classified by WHO, about 61% are zoonotic. Depending on the pathogen, zoonotic diseases are generally classified into the following 8 categories.

1. Classification of zoonotic diseases and some common diseases

1. Zoonotic diseases caused by bacteria

1) Anthrax

Pathogen: Bacillus anthracis

2) Tuberculosis

Pathogens: Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium caprine, Mycobacterium voles

3) Brucellosis

Pathogens: Brucella abortus, Brucella malta, Brucella suis, Brucella canis

4) Plague (Black Death)

Pathogen: Yersinia pestis

5) Meliosis

Pathogen: Burkholderia pseudomallei

6) Leprosy

Pathogen: Mycobacterium leprae

7) Leptospirosis

Pathogen: Leptospira

8) Tularemia

Pathogen: Francisella tularensis (referred to as tularemia)

9) Arcobacterial infection

pathogen

10) Actinomycosis

Pathogen: Actinomyces bovis

11) Bordetillosis

Pathogen: Bordetella bronchiseptica

12) Lyme disease

Pathogen: Borrelia burgdorferi

13) Campylobacter enteritis

Pathogens: Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli

14) Campylobacter fetus infection

Pathogen: Campylobacter fetus subsp. venereal disease

15) Clostridium difficile infection

Pathogen: Clostridium difficile

16) Corynebacterium ulcerans and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infections

Pathogen: Corynebacterium ulcerans, Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

17) Enterohemorrhagic E. coli infection

Pathogen: Escherichia coli (O157:H7)

18) Helicobacter infection

Pathogen: Helicobacter Gallinarum, Helicobacter suis

19) Vibrio disease

Pathogen: Vibrio parahaemolyticus

20) Salmonellosis

Pathogens: Salmonella enterica, Salmonella Bongor

21) Rickettsial disease

Pathogens: Anaplasma phagocytophila, Ehrlichia Ewing, Ehrlichia chaffie, Ehrlichia canis, Neorickettsia glandularis

22) Pasteurellosis (hemorrhagic sepsis)

Pathogen: Pasteurella septicemia

2. Zoonotic diseases caused by viruses

1) Rabies

Pathogen: rabies virus

2) Newcastle disease

Pathogen: Paramyxovirus

3) Bird flu

Pathogen: Influenza A virus

4) Rift Valley Fever

Pathogen: Rift Valley Fever virus

5) Ebola hemorrhagic fever

Pathogen: Ebola virus

6) Marburg virus hemorrhagic fever

Pathogen: Marburg virus

7) Chikungunya fever

Pathogen: Chikungunya virus

8) Dengue fever

Pathogen: Dengue virus

9) Hantavirus infection

Pathogen: Hantavirus

10) Zika fever

Pathogen: Zika virus

11) West Nile fever

Pathogen: West Nile virus

12) AIDS

Pathogen: HIV

13) SARS

Pathogen: SARS virus

14) Monkeypox

Pathogen: monkeypox virus

3. Zoonotic diseases caused by parasites

1) Trichinosis

Pathogen: Trichinella

2) Visceral Transmigration

Pathogens: Ascaris bellii, Toxocara canis, Ascaris feline, Ascaris suum

3) Skin larva migrans

Pathogen: Brazilian hookworm

4) Hydatid disease

Pathogen: Echinococcus granulosus

5) Cryptococcosis

Pathogen: Cryptococcus neoformans

6) Cryptosporidiosis

Pathogen: Cryptosporidium

7) Trematodiasis

Pathogen: Fasciola hepatica, Fasciola maxima

4. Zoonotic diseases caused by fungi

1) Ringworm

Pathogens: Microsporum, Trichophyton.

2) Aspergillosis

Pathogen: Aspergillus

3) Blastomycosis

Pathogen: Blastomyces dermatitidis

4) Coccidioidomycosis

Pathogens: Coccidioides Posadas, Coccidioides Coccidioides

5) Cryptococcosis

Pathogen: Cryptococcus neoformans

6) Sporothriosis

Pathogen: Sporothrix schenckii

7) Malassezia infection

Pathogen: Malassezia

8) Histoplasmosis

Pathogen: Histoplasma capsularis var. capsularis

5. Zoonotic diseases caused by rickettsia

1) Q fever

Pathogen: Kirkusella bernarti

2) Epidemic typhus

Pathogen: Rickettsia Przewalskii

3) Rocky Mountain spotted fever

Pathogen: Rickettsia verticillium

4) Queensland tick-borne typhus

Pathogen: Rickettsia australis

5) typhus

Pathogen: Rickettsia tsutsugamushi

6. Zoonotic diseases caused by chlamydia

1) Endemic abortion

Pathogen: Chlamydia abortus

2) Parrot fever

Pathogen: Chlamydia psittaci

3) Chlamydia

Pathogens: Chlamydia feline, Chlamydia trachomatis

7. Zoonotic diseases caused by protozoa

1) Trypanosomiasis

Pathogen: Trypanosoma brucei

2) Leishmaniasis

Pathogen: Leishmania

3) Sleeping sickness

Pathogen: Trypanosoma brucei

4) Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis)

Pathogen: Trypanosoma cruzi

5) Giardiasis

Pathogen: Giardia lamblia

6) Toxocariasis

Pathogens: Toxocara canis, feline ascariasis

7) Toxoplasmosis

Pathogen: Toxoplasma gondii

8) Tasmaniasis

Pathogen: Colic pouch ciliate

8. Zoonotic diseases caused by non-cellular and non-viral

1) Mad Cow Disease (Creut-Jakob Syndrome)

Pathogen: prion protein

The epidemic of zoonotic diseases has caused human death, disability and incapacity to work, brought economic difficulties to many families and seriously affected social stability. According to statistics, on a global scale, common zoonotic diseases cause about 2.4 billion illnesses and 2.7 million deaths each year in low- and middle-income countries and regions.

(1) YJC70115NW-50T. CE Certified Monkeypox Virus Real Time PCR Kit

The Bioperfectus Monkeypox Virus Real Time PCR Kit is based on real-time PCR technology, for the detection of DNA from the Monkeypox virus. Specimens can be obtained from human serum, lesion exudate samples and scab. BSL-2 facilities with standard BSL-2 work practices may be used for the test of the Monkeypox virus.

(2) VJC70115NW-50T. For Veterinary detection.

The Monkeypox Virus Real Time PCR Kit (Cat. No. VJC70115NW-50T) enables detection of the Monkeypox virus (MPXV) in serum, conjunctival swabs or tissue from animals including non-human primates (e.g., monkeys and apes), rodents (e.g., rats and squirrels), shrews (e.g., Crocidura spp.) and other small mammals (e.g., rabbits) with suspected MPXV infection by real-time PCR amplification of the MPXV F3L gene.