Basic Linux administration

Introduction

Similar to popular operating systems like Windows and Mac OS, Linux distributions also?accompany?GUI tools?which will?be used for performing administrative tasks. Adding and removing user accounts, performing

software upgrades, managing hardware, installing new applications, maintaining the system’s performance, and?fixing?and monitoring security are?a number of?the activities that an administrator executes.?the executive?tasks?are often?performed using the?YaST Tool?when using?SUSE. These functionalities?also are?available in Ubuntu and Fedora distributions.

Monitoring System Performance

To effectively monitor our computer’s performance,?the subsequent?aspects should be checked:

CPU and Memory Usage

To see the processes that are consuming?the foremost?CPU?resources and memory allocation, use?the highest?command. This command displays the?CPU?load and used memory averages,?the method?IDs,?the share?of CPU?employed by?the method,?and therefore the?percentage of the memory used.?the highest?command results are refreshed every 5?seconds. To exit?the highest?command output display, press Q.

To get a snapshot of the system status at the time the command was used uptime. This command prints the load average for the last one, five, and fifteen minutes.

Hard disk space

Monitor the?hard disc?space?to make sure?that?there’s?enough space for the system to perform tasks?like?logging and backups. Use the df -h command to validate the?disc space.?In the monitoring, set specific thresholds at which we,?because the?administrator will take an action.?for instance, once the used?disc space?percentage reaches?a particular?threshold, like 80%, do a file cleanup to?release?disk space. If the?CPU?reaches the allowed threshold, investigate which processes are?consuming?the resources and do?the required?action (e.g.?await?a process?to end, kill a process, etc.).?this is often?almost like?killing processes in windows using the Task Manager.

User Management

Linux automatically creates multiple user accounts upon installation,?albeit?we are?the sole?one using your computer. The system uses these accounts for running programs. Different accounts safeguard the system,

including files and directories, from unauthorized access. Users?are often?assigned to groups for easier facilitation.?To add, modify, or delete a user or group account,?we will?either use the?GUI?or?roll in the hay?via the?instruction. As a beginner,?it might?be good for us?to undertake?out both so?we will?see which one?is that the?best method for us.

Managing Users and Groups Via GUI

Open?YaST?if we are using SUSE or the equivalent Settings Menu in our distribution. Click on?the safety?and Users or any similar User Management category. Click on the Add user button?and provide?the required?information?like?the user’s full name, preferred username, and password.?we will?explore?and configure additional information?like?login attempt limit, password settings, and user groups. Once done, click on the OK button to continue creating the user account.?We can also modify or delete an account using the GUI. Perform?the required?account modifications?and click on?on the OK button to proceed with the changes. To create, modify, or delete?a gaggle, select Groups?rather than?users. The photo below shows the YaST screen for adding?a replacement?group. Provide?the required?information?and click on?on the OK button?to end?creating the group.

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