B for Binary and S for System

The binary system is a base-2 numeral system that uses only two symbols: 0 and 1. Each digit in a binary number is called a "bit." Binary is fundamental to computer systems, as digital electronics process data using binary logic.

Key operations on binary numbers include:

1. Addition: Combining two binary numbers to get a sum.
2. Subtraction: Finding the difference between two binary numbers.
3. Multiplication: Multiplying two binary numbers to get a product.
4. Division: Dividing one binary number by another to get a quotient.
5. Bitwise AND: Performs a logical AND operation on each pair of corresponding bits.
6. Bitwise OR: Performs a logical OR operation on each pair of corresponding bits.
7. Bitwise XOR: Performs a logical XOR (exclusive OR) operation on each pair of corresponding bits.
8. Bitwise NOT: Inverts each bit (0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0).
9. Bit Shifting: Shifts the bits of a binary number left or right, which effectively multiplies or divides the number by powers of 2.

These operations are crucial for computing tasks, data processing, and digital logic.