B 07-Acronyms used in Transformer Engineering-3

This is the last part of this series on acronyms used by transformer engineers. This also includes protection relay numbers and means to keep oneself updated on National standards and transformer literature.

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?U

UHF????-Ultra High Frequency?????

UHV????-Ultra High Voltage

UHVDC-Ultra High Voltage Direct Current

UL???????-Underwriters Laboratories

ULTC ??-Under Load Tap-Changer (Canada), OLTC

UPFC??-Unified Power Flow Control

UPS????-Uninterruptible Power Supply

USB????-Universal Serial Bus

V

VAM -Vibro-Acoustic Method?( OLTC diagnostics)

VBA?-Visual Basic for Applications

VCB -Vacuum Circuit Breaker

VCC -Vacuum cast coil (A type of Dry Transformer)

VDE- German-Association for Electrical, Elektronic and Information Technologies

VEE- Validation, Estimation and Editing

VFD- Variable Frequency Drives

VFT –Variable Frequency Transformers, Very Fast Transients

VOP -Vacuum oil Processor

VPD -Vapor Phase Drying (drying out of transformer in factory using heated kerosene vapor) = DVP

VRDT -Voltage Regulating Distribution Transformer

VSC??- Voltage Source Converter (technology for HV DC Transmission)

?VSD ??-Variable Speed Drives

?VT????-Voltage Transformer

W

WAM ???-Wide Area Monitoring

WAMS -Wide Area Monitoring System

WAMPAS- Wide Area Monitoring Protection and Control

WAN- Wide Area Network

WPP- Wind Power Plant

WPS- Welding Procedure Certification

WTI??-Winding Temperature Indicator

X

XLPE -Cross Linked Polyethylene (cable)

XML ??-Extensible Markup Language

XRF ??-X-ray Fluorescence (PMI to find elements in a metal alloy)

Z

Zo????-Zero sequence impedance

Zn O -Zinc Oxide (Arrester)

Zp ???- Positive sequence impedance

Relay Numbers for Transformer Engineers (IEEE Std C37.2 -2008-Standard for Electrical Power System Device Function Numbers, Acronyms, and Contact Designations)

In the design of electrical power systems, the IEEE device numbers identify features of a protective device such as relay or circuit breaker. Device numbers are used to identify functions of devices shown on a schematic diagram. One physical device may correspond to one function number, for example "29 Isolating Switch", or a single physical device may have many function numbers associated with it, such as a microprocessor numerical protective relay. Suffix & prefix letters may be added to further specify purpose & function of a device.

24?????-Over fluxing Relay

26Q1 -Top Oil Temp Alarm (60deg C)

26Q2 -Top Oil Temp Alarm (90deg C)

30?????-Annunciator Relay

33?????-Position Switch

49?????-Transformer Thermal Relay

49W - Winding Temperature Relay

49C??- Cooler actuation relay with WTI

50????- Instantaneous Overcurrent Relay

51????- AC Inverse Time overcurrent Relay, Phase overcurrent relay

51NS- Standby Earth Fault protection

52G – A C circuit Breaker

59N??-Over voltage Relay

63 ??????-Pressure Switch; Rapid Pressure Rise Relay Tank-Trip

63P ???-Pressure Relief Tank

63VP-V - 3.5 Vacuum Alarm

63VP -P-7.0 Pressure Alarm

64????-Ground detector Relay, REF Relay

67???- AC Directional overcurrent Relay

67N ?- Directional earth fault protection

68?????-Blocking or out of step relay

71Q1 - Liquid Level Switch-Low

74????-Alarm Relay

80????-Flow Switch (oil or water)

81????-Frequency Relay

87B ?- Bus bar differential

87G?-Generator Differential

87L ??-Line Differential

87N?- Restricted Earth Fault

87T ?-Transformer Differential Relay

IEC 61850- Communication protocol (protection)

AFD -Arc Flash Detector CLK Clock or Timing Source

DDR -Dynamic Disturbance Recorder

DFR -Digital Fault Recorder

ENV -Environmental Data

HIZ ??-High Impedance Fault Detector

HMI ?-Human Machine Interface

HST ?-Historian

?LGC -Scheme Logic

MET -Substation Metering

PDC -Phasor Data Concentrator

PMU -Phasor Measurement Unit

PQM -Power Quality Monitor

RIO -Remote Input / Output Device

RTU -Remote Terminal Unit / Data Concentrator

SER -Sequence of Events Recorder

TCM -Trip Circuit Monitor

Suffixes & Prefixes Suffix letters or numbers may be used with device numbers. For example, the suffix “N” is used if the device is connected to a neutral wire, hence 59N is a relay used for protection against neutral displacement & suffixes X, Y, Z are used for auxiliary devices. Similarly, the "G" suffix is used to denote a "ground", hence "51G" is a time overcurrent ground relay. The "G" suffix can also mean "generator", hence "87G" is a generator differential relay while “87T” is a transformer differential relay. "F" can denote "field" on a generator or "fuse", as in the protective fuse for a transformer.

Suffix numbers are used to distinguish multiple "same" devices in the same equipment such as 51-1 & 51–2. Device numbers may be combined if the device provides multiple functions, such as instantaneous & inverse time overcurrent relay denoted as 50/51

Dissolved Gases in Oil

H2??????????-Hydrogen

N2??????-Nitrogen

O2??????-Oxygen

CH4???????-Methane

C2H2?????-Acetylene

C2H4 ?-Ethylene

C2H6 ?- Ethane

CO?????- Carbon Monoxide

CO2 ???- Carbon dioxide

TCG???-Total Combustible Gas

TDCG -Total Dissolved Combustible Gas

Standardization Organizations

ANSI –American National Standards Institute

???????????1430 Broadway, New York, NY?10018

???????????https://www.ansi.org/ ANSI

API- American Petroleum Institute

ASME- American Society of Mechanical Engineers- https://www.asme.org/

ASTM – American Society for Testing and Materials

??????????100 Barr harbor Dr., W. Conshohocken, PA, 19428- https://www.astm.org/cgi-bin/SoftCart.exe/index.shtml?E+mystore

BIS- Bureau of Indian Standards- www.bis.org.in

BSI- British Standards Institution

CSA –Canadian Standard Association

?????????https://www.csa.ca/Default.asp?language=English

DIN- Deutsches Institute for Normung

EEI – Edison Electric Institute

?????????111 19 th Street SW, Washington, DC 20036

EPRI – Electrical Power Research Institute

????????????P.O. Box 10412, Palo Alto, CA 64303

IEC- International Electro-technical Commission

???????1, Rue de Varembe, Geneva, Switzerland

???????www.iec.org

IEEE- Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

?????????445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854

??????????https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/browse/standards/collection/ieee

ISO- International Organisation for Standardisation

MIL- Military Specifications

NEMA- National Electrical Manufacturer’s Association

?????????????2101 L Street, Washington, DC 20037?

NETA – International Electrical Testing Association

?????????????P.O. Box 687, Morrison, CO 80465

NFPA- National Fire Protection Association

For buying all standards esp. American Origin –www.techstreet.com

https://global.ihs.com/ Global Engineering Documents

https://www.aws.org/catalogs/index.html American Welding Society 2002 Catalog Index

https://assist.daps.dla.mil/quicksearch/ ASSIST-QuickSearch

https://www.tssonline.net/standards.htm Technical Standards Services Online

https://ulstandardsinfonet.ul.com/ UL Standards Info?Net

https://www.dstan.mod.uk/ DStan Corporate Web Site

https://www.rtca.org/ RTCA Standards

https://www.nfpa.org/Codes/index.asp NFPA Codes and Standards Home

https://www.uiaa.ch/commissions/download.asp?idobject=34 UIAA Online Standards

https://www.ili-info.com Standards Infobase (cross-referenced with materials suppliers) (* MLoew)

How to keep abreast of the standards relevant to Transformers

National standards are continually updated and new standards on various aspects of transformer engineering are also published frequently. Transformer engineers should know these new standards apart from the revisions and the latest version of already published standards. To know the latest ANSI/IEEE standards visit the following site:

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/browse/standards/collection/ieee

You can see the list of IEEE standards, sorted by numbers in ascending order. Here in this site, there is an option for listing up standards by ‘newest number first’. When you select this option, you can see what all IEEE standards (including C57 series that specifically covers transformers) are in the process of revision or preparation of new standards. In case you take subscription, you can download the standards too.

In the above ieee.explore site, you can also search for technical papers on specific topic published so far in IEEE journals. For accessing the papers, of course, you should take subscription.

You can join the IEEE and then its Power Engineering Society and sign up for the PES database of papers, not the IEEE wide database (way too expensive) but just the Power Engineering database for about $50-$60 per year over the price of IEEE membership and the PES Society membership. Go to www.ieee.org to join IEEE.

When you join IEEE and PES data base, you will find an almost overwhelming volume of professional papers on almost any topic in the power field. Many of them are tutorials so if you are not up to the speed in an area, you have help available. You can do a very specific search to find what you need and then download it for your use.

IEC is publishing a newsletter at the beginning of every month listing up titles (by subject wise) of new IEC standards published during the previous month. You can subscribe for this newsletter free of charge. Standards on transformers and related topics can be seen under ‘Electrical Engineering’.