Aws Network Services

1. Custom VPC (#AWSVPC)

A Custom VPC is a user-defined virtual network within AWS that gives complete control over IP address ranges, subnets, and networking configurations.

Key Features:

• Customizable IP address ranges (CIDR blocks).
• Multiple subnets for better resource segmentation.
• Full control over routing and internet access.

Example Use Case:

1. Create a VPC with a CIDR block of 10.0.0.0/16.
2. Add two public subnets for web servers and two private subnets for database servers.
3. Configure the network to route traffic using a NAT Gateway for private subnets.

2. Internet Gateway (IGW) (#AWSInternetGateway)

An Internet Gateway connects the VPC to the internet, enabling public internet access for resources in public subnets.

Key Features:

• Highly available and scalable.
• No bandwidth limitations.

Example Use Case:

• Attach an IGW to your VPC and add a route in the public subnet's route table (0.0.0.0/0) pointing to the IGW. This allows instances in public subnets to access the internet.

3. NAT Gateway (#AWSNATGateway)

A NAT Gateway enables instances in private subnets to access the internet for updates or outbound communication while preventing inbound traffic from the internet.

Key Features:

• Fully managed by AWS.
• Highly available within a specific Availability Zone (AZ).

Example Use Case:

1. Create a NAT Gateway in a public subnet.
2. Update the private subnet’s route table to forward outbound internet traffic (0.0.0.0/0) to the NAT Gateway.

4. Security Groups (SG) (#AWSSecurityGroups)

Security Groups act as virtual firewalls at the instance level, allowing or denying specific traffic based on rules.

Key Features:

• Stateful: Return traffic is automatically allowed.
• Rules can be defined by IP range, protocol, and port.

Example Use Case:

• Allow SSH (port 22) and HTTP (port 80) traffic to an EC2 instance in a public subnet while denying other inbound traffic.

5. NACL (Network Access Control List) (#AWSNACL)

A Network Access Control List (NACL) is a stateless firewall that applies rules at the subnet level.

Key Features:

• Rules are evaluated in order (from lowest to highest).
• Separate inbound and outbound rules.

Example Use Case:

• Use NACLs to allow only HTTP (port 80) and HTTPS (port 443) traffic in a public subnet, while denying all other traffic.

6. Route Tables (#AWSRouteTables)

A Route Table contains rules that determine where network traffic is directed within a VPC.

Key Features:

• Associated with subnets to control traffic flow.
• Routes can point to an IGW, NAT Gateway, or VPC peering connection.

Example Use Case:

• Configure a public route table with a default route (0.0.0.0/0) to the IGW for public subnets, and a private route table with a route to the NAT Gateway for private subnets.

7. Public Subnets (#AWSPublicSubnets)

Public Subnets are subnets with routes to an Internet Gateway. They are typically used for resources that require public internet access, such as web servers.

Example Use Case:

• Deploy an Nginx web server on an EC2 instance in a public subnet to host a website accessible over the internet.

8. Private Subnets (#AWSPrivateSubnets)

Private Subnets are subnets without direct access to the internet. They are ideal for backend services, like databases or internal APIs.

Example Use Case:

• Host a MySQL database in a private subnet and restrict access to only the application servers in the public subnet.

Practical Project: 3-Tier Architecture in AWS (#AWS3TierArchitecture)

Overview:

• Web Tier: EC2 instances in public subnets connected to an Internet Gateway.
• Application Tier: EC2 instances in private subnets accessing the web tier.
• Database Tier: RDS instance in private subnets with no internet access.

Steps:

1. Create a Custom VPC (10.0.0.0/16).
2. Add public and private subnets across two Availability Zones.
3. Attach an IGW to the VPC for internet access in public subnets.
4. Configure a NAT Gateway for private subnets.
5. Use security groups and NACLs to enforce strict traffic rules.
6. Set up Route Tables for proper routing between tiers.

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