Automobile Industry In Each Country

The development of automobiles began?in?Europe in the?19th century?, and in the first half of the?20th century , the?United States?was by far the largest automobile?producer?and market in the world.?Automobile production began?in European countries in?the?1950s?after?World War II?and in?Japan in the?1960s .?In the latter half of the 20th century, production in the United States, Japan,?Germany?,?France?, the?United Kingdom?, and?Italy?accounted for about 80% of the world.?Since the 1980s, automobile production has begun in other countries, and in the 21st century?China?became the world's largest automobile producer, producing more than twice as much as the United States.

Looking at the top 100 auto parts manufacturers by country as of 2014, Japan has 30 companies, the United States has 25 companies, Germany has 18 companies, South Korea has 5 companies, and France has 4 companies.?

Africa

Egypt?

The beginning of the automobile industry dates back to?1960?.?During the socialist?era, the?government?produced the first Egyptian cars with the aim of converting from an?agricultural?economy?to an?industrial?economy, but soon discontinued because it could not win the competition with foreign companies.?In particular, it was due to the end of socialism and the transition to capitalism.?There was no assembly plant until?1985 when?General Motors (GM) built a production plant.

Egypt's automobile assembly business, which initially imported most of the parts from three factories, has grown over 23 years and has 26 assembly lines in 16 businesses, with 300 major factories as well as passenger car, light commercial vehicle, truck and bus production. Started to produce various parts.?In addition to GM,?BMW?,?Nissan Motor?,?Hyundai?, etc. are producing automobiles in Egypt.?The BMW assembly line in Egypt is the only factory outside Germany where the?BMW 7 Series?is produced.

Until 2004, local car assembly and parts manufacturing continued to expand with the Egyptian car market.?Moham-med El-Hadary of the Egyptian Automobile Manufacturers Association (EAMA) said that the Egyptian automobile market produced only 72,417 units in total in 2004.?Spoke.?In 2007, it produced 227,488 units, an increase of 314%.?The largest increase was in passenger cars, an increase of 323% from 55,471 in 2004 to 179,178 in 2007.?If this trend continues, it is expected to reach 444,000 units in 2012.??]

South Africa?

Since the 1940s, GM,?Ford?,?VW?, etc. have entered the market, and in 1961, the import of finished vehicles was virtually banned and measures were taken to foster the domestic automobile industry, so many manufacturers in Japan, the United States, and Europe entered the market. It is locally produced and is the center of the automobile industry in Africa.?There are also examples of VW, BMW,?Mercedes-Benz?, and Ford producing and exporting right-hand drive specifications for the Japanese and Oceania markets at factories in South Africa?due to the conditions of?left-hand traffic and right-hand drive.

Asian Countries

China?

China?began in 1956 with the creation of the first car, the?Truck?Liberation?, and?from 1958 to the early 1960s,?Hongqi CA72?,?the?Dongfeng?,?Phoenix?, and?Peace (motorcycles) of the?Beijing Municipal?Limousine. From large limousines to three-wheeled trucks were announced one after another.?The Chinese Automobile Industry Co., Ltd.?was established in 1964 and?was planned to foster the automobile industry under the supervision of the?central?government?.?Due to the severance of diplomatic relations with Japan, there was almost no progress until the 1970s, but when the?reform and opening?policy began at the end of the 1970s, many automobile production plants began joint ventures with overseas manufacturers.?The first successful product was Santana (Chinese notation = Kuwatono)?of?SAIC Volkswagen,?a joint venture between Volkswagen and?SAIC Motor?, which began production in 1985?.?Then?Peugeot?, GM,?FiatDemand for automobiles has increased sharply with economic growth since the mid-2000s, and the market has expanded to the number one sales in the world at once.?There are a huge number of automobile-related companies in China, and the Chinese government will proceed with industry restructuring to overcome problems such as low productivity and overproduction due to the overcrowding of automobile manufacturers.

While some companies have developed a?plug-in hybrid car?and launched it for the first time in the world, their technological capabilities have increased to the extent that they can compete with automobile manufacturers in developed countries, but they scored 0 points in overseas safety performance tests.??Since there are some low-quality products that can be attached, the government is taking the lead in promoting technological development.?For more information,

The automobile repair industry is in a state of labor shortage because the industry has not kept up with the rapid increase in the number of cars owned in Japan.

India?

In India?, demand for automobiles is increasing along with economic growth, but about 3/4 of the total is motorcycles.?Motorcycles have a large share of Honda-based?and?Indian?Bajaj Auto?TVS motors .?Major manufacturers of automobiles include Japanese -affiliated Maruti?Suzuki ,?Tata Motors?and?Mahindra?of India,?and Hyundai of South Korea.

In India, automobiles with reduced functions and reduced prices targeting low-income groups have emerged.?Products that break the existing price, such as Tata Nano?, which costs less than 300,000 yen in Japanese yen,?are on sale, and many automobile manufacturers are trying to enter such markets.

Iran?

As of 2001, there are 13 state-owned and private-owned enterprises in Iran.?Iran Khodro?and Saipa produce 94%.?Iran Khodro is the most popular brand.?Other car manufacturers include the Bahman Group, Kerman Motors, Kish Khodro, Raniran, Traktorsazi, Shahab Khodro, etc., but the combined total is only 6%.??These car companies produce a wide range of motorcycles, passenger cars, trucks, etc.?As of 2006, Iran has the 16th highest production volume in the world.?It owns 7 million units and is popular at a rate of 1 in 10 (including trucks and buses).?In 2005, the number of automobiles produced reached 1 million, and the export value is planned to reach $ 1 billion in March 2009.]

Japan?

The starting point of the Japanese automobile industry began in 1907 when Torao Yamaba and Shintaro Yoshida produced the "Takuri" at the Tokyo Automobile Works.?After that, Masujiro Hashimoto established Kaishinsha in 1911?and produced the "Swift" assembled by importing the chassis from the?Swift?in the United Kingdom,?and in 1914 produced the "Dat No. 1" on its own. ..?After that, when the Great Kanto Earthquake?occurred in 1923 and?the transportation system in Tokyo was paralyzed,?Shinpei Goto , the?mayor?of?Tokyo, saved Tokyo from malfunction by urgently importing 1,000 U.S. cars, among Japanese people. It is said that the evaluation of the car has greatly increased.?Ford built a car assembly plant in Yokohama?in 1925 and GM in?Osaka?in 1927, and?as of 1931, both companies had assembled a total of 20,000 cars.?In contrast, the production of Japanese cars was only 400.?

Ford and GM's automobile assembly plants were both?KD?plants, so the main parts were imported from the United States, but as a result, they requested strict assessments from Japanese parts companies, mainly repair parts. It greatly contributed to the development of the Japanese automobile industry.?

After that, the government, which was worried about the monopoly of the Japanese automobile industry by foreign-affiliated companies, enacted the?Automobile Manufacturing Business Law?(1936) and embarked on the full-scale development of the domestic automobile industry.?Toyota Industries (currently Toyota Industries?, which later spun off the automobile division as?Toyota Motor Corporation?) , which had predicted this trend, started full-scale entry into the automobile industry?in 1933, and?Nissan?started?full-scale entry into the automobile industry in 1934.?He was entrusted with most of Japan's military truck production during the Middle and?Pacific?Wars?, preparing for the full-scale development of the postwar Japanese automobile industry?. From the latter half of the 1950s to the first half of the 1960s after the Korean War, the Japanese automobile industry was revived in earnest with the benefit of Korean special demand, and equipment renewal and modernization, American-style quality control, and scientific management were introduced. It achieved a significant qualitative improvement. In addition, due to the period when the development and production of aircraft was banned by the Allied Powers, the engineers involved in aircraft development changed jobs to the automobile industry, and the technology and design methods used in aircraft became automobiles. It was also introduced in the development of the automobile industry, which was a factor in the modernization of the automobile industry.?

In 1952, the?Ministry?of International Trade and Industry?proceeded to introduce technology from?Europe?, and Nissan chose to form technical tie- ups with?Austin?,?Isuzu?with?Hillman?, and?Hino?with?Renault , but?Toyota Motors?developed as a purely domestic manufacturer.?After the high economic growth?from 1955,?Toyota built the Motomachi Plant, which specializes in passenger cars, in 1958, and Nissan built the Oppama Plant, which specializes in passenger cars, in 1962.?There was a merger of Nissan and?Prince?in 1966, and a business alliance was started between Toyota and Hino in 1966, Toyota and?Daihatsu?in 1967, and Nissan and?Fuji Heavy Industries?in 1968 .?During this period, along with the development of production control technology, the " Kanban method?, " "?just-in-time?," "automation," and "QC circle activities,"?which are the basis of the Toyota production system, will be introduced in the automobile industry?.

The Japanese automobile industry in the 1970s survived the Musky Act?of 1971 and?the first oil crisis?of 1973?with technological capabilities and rationalization, and in the 1980s when trade friction with the United States intensified, to avoid trade friction with the United States. We will expand overseas production.?In the 1990s, it expanded production in China and India in preparation for emerging markets.

In the 2000s, Japanese automakers became more competitive in energy-saving compact cars with excellent fuel efficiency due to high crude oil prices and tightening environmental regulations, and in 2007 Toyota became one of the "Big 3". It became.

As of 2017, the number of automobile-related companies in Japan is 16 finished vehicle manufacturers, about 800 primary parts companies that deliver units, functional parts, interior and exterior parts, etc., and single parts, presses, and forged dies. There are about 4,000 secondary parts companies that supply primary parts companies, and about 20,000 tertiary parts companies that supply metal and resin parts to secondary parts companies, for a total of 25,000 companies. Has been done.?The number of automobile-related employees, including related departments, is about 5.32 million, making it a huge industry that accounts for 8.7% of the total working population and 49.6% of the manufacturing population in Japan?.

Industrial agglomeration areas

Toyota City ,?Aichi Prefecture?, the birthplace of Toyota,?is famous, and the neighboring?Kariya City?is?headquartered by Toyota Group parts manufacturers such as?Denso?Aisin?.?Many factories related to Toyota and the Toyota Group are concentrated in Aichi Prefecture.?Besides Toyota,?Mitsubishi Motors?also?has a factory in?Okazaki City .?In addition,?Kanagawa?prefecture where?Nissan Motor?Co., Ltd. is located,?Saitama prefecture?and?Mie prefecture?where?Honda Motor Co. , Ltd. is located,?Shizuoka prefecture?where?Suzuki?and?Yamaha?are located?, Seto Inland Sea coastal area (?Hiroshima prefecture?and?Yamaguchi prefecture where?Mazda?is located ,?Okayama?where Mitsubishi factories are located).?Prefecture?(?Mizushima coastal industrial area?),?Hyogo?prefecture with?Kawasaki?),?Fukuoka prefecture?,?Oita prefecture(?Nissan Motor Kyushu?,?Toyota Motor Kyushu?,?Daihatsu Kyushu?) ?Gunma Prefecture?(?SUBARU?) has a concentration of automobile industry.

In addition, peripheral industries such as automobile parts are concentrated in the area around the factory (Aichi prefecture, Kanagawa prefecture, Shizuoka prefecture, etc.).?If you look at this, you can see?that it is along the?Taiheiyo Belt .

Major cities

• Toyota City ,?Aichi Prefecture?,?Okazaki City
• Yokohama City ,?Kanagawa Prefecture?,?Kawasaki City
• Hamamatsu City ,?Shizuoka Prefecture?,?Susono City
• Kitakyushu City?, Fukuoka Prefecture

Such

Malaysia?

The automotive industry is probably one of the fastest growing markets in Malaysia, requiring exports to the world (outside the United States and Europe).?See below for a list of car companies: -Proton?Edar?(PeRusahaan OTOmobil Nasional), Malaysian car production pioneer- PERusahaan?Otomobil?keDUA, engine based on Daihatsu car model. -Bufori?&?TD2000 , Malaysia?-?based "antique car" production (originally from Australia). --DRB -?HICOM?(Diversified Resources Berhad --Heavy Industry of Berhad, Malaysia)

South Korea?

In 2010, South Korea's automobile industry is the fifth largest in the world in terms of production volume and the sixth largest in the export market.?It started 50 years ago by importing parts from Japan and the United States and assembling them.?Hyundai Motor Group (Hyundai, Kia)?is now the 10th largest in Asia after Japanese companies such as Toyota.?In 1988, the annual domestic production exceeded 1 million units.?In 1990, it not only produced multiple self-developed models and demonstrated its capabilities, but also made a large investment in social capital for more than 10 years.?The quality of their cars has improved significantly in recent years and has gained a reputation in the international market.

Pakistan?

Pakistan's automobile industry has continued to grow for many years, but it does not rank high.?It is produced for a long time and is mass-produced, but there are few models.?Therefore, the purchaser has limited options.?Fortunately, there are few competitors in the competition, and imported cars are expensive.?Several global companies have set up assembly plants in collaboration with local companies.

Thailand?

Known as TR in Thailand, Thai?Rung?is produced by?Thai Rung Union Car Public Co. Ltd. (TRU)?.?The company was founded in Bangkok in 1967.?The original company name was Thai Rung Engineering Co. Ltd. and changed to Thai Rung Union Car Co. Ltd. in 1973.?TRU was listed on the stock exchange in 1994.?TRU's businesses are design and development, automobile parts production, industrial equipment production, automobile assembly and finance.?The TR van, equipped with multiple discontinued Land Rover engines, combined a Thai-designed body and platform.?Modern TR vans have become SUVs and 7-seat SUVs based on small or medium-sized trucks.

Belgium?

In the 1990s, it produced more than one million units.

France?

The three major French car makers are?Peugeot?,?Renault?and?Citroen?.

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Germany?

The gasoline engine car was?invented by?Karl Benz .?In addition, the four-stroke internal combustion engine currently used in most automobiles?was invented by?Nicolaus Otto of Germany.?The diesel engine was also invented by the?German?Rudolf Diesel .

Germany is famous for its high performance, high quality cars like Porsche, Mercedes, Audi and BMW, and they actively embrace innovation.?Daimler-Benz Gesellschaft, the predecessor of Daimler-Benz, is the oldest automobile factory in the world, and Daimler-Benz was created in 1926 by the merger.?In 1998, it acquired Chrysler, an American automobile company, and sold it in 2007 with a great loss.

Italy?

The Italian automobile industry began with Giovanni Agnelli in 1899 when Fiat built a factory.?As many as 50 car companies were created and disappeared.?Among them were Isotta Fraschini, founded in 1900, Lancia, founded in 1906, Alfa Romeo, founded in 1910, Maserati, founded in 1914, Ferrari, founded in 1939, and Lamborghini, founded in 1963.?During the First and Second World Wars and the economic crisis of the 1970s, most of these brands were sold to Fiat and foreign companies.?Today, the Italian automobile industry boasts a wide range of products, from microcars to luxury cars such as sports cars.?As of June 2009, Fiat holds a 20% stake in Chrysler.

Netherlands?

VDL Nedcar?, a subsidiary of the?VDL Group?, undertakes the assembly of other brands.

Own brands include?Spyker Cars?and?Donkervoort?.

Russia?

The Russian automobile industry has about 600,000 people directly involved, which is equivalent to 1% of the total working population.?As of 2010, Russia is the 15th largest producer in the world, accounting for about 7% of the world's production.?It produced 1,469,898 units in 2008, but production decreased due to the global financial crisis, and in 2009 it produced 595,807 small cars.

AvtoVAZ?and?GAZ?are large companies that produce small cars, and?KAMAZ?produces large cars.?Eleven foreign companies have expanded into Russia to produce.

Spain?

In 2009, the Spanish automobile industry produced 3.5 million units, accounting for 3.5% of GDP and about 9% of the number of employees.?Spain is the eighth largest producer in the world, but automobile production fell from 2008 to 2009.?The slump began 10 years ago due to the abandonment of many government policies.?As a result, all Spanish car brands have been lost and are now owned by foreign companies.?The main plant in Spain is SEAT, SA, a subsidiary of Volkswagen Group.

Sweden?

The existing Swedish car manufacturers are?Volvo Cars?and?Saab Automobile for passenger cars,?Volvo?for trucks and buses?(capital separate from passenger cars) and?Scania?. Volvo, a passenger car, has been separated from the Volvo Group and has been under the umbrella of Ford, and is now under Chinese capital.?Saab has been closed after a second bankruptcy, but?National Electric Vehicle Sweden?is aiming to resume production.?In the truck and bus sector, the Swedish automobile industry has a major position, with Volvo the second largest in the world and Scania the third largest in terms of global sales.

Finland?

Valmet Automotive?undertakes assembly from European manufacturers such as Saab, Renault and Porsche.

Turkey?

Turkey's automobile industry?occupies an important position in the?Turkish economy .?In 1959,?Otosan , a joint venture between the?Kochi conglomerate?and Ford,?was established, and mass production of?Anador?began in 1961.?In addition to this,?automobiles are produced by joint ventures between conglomerates such as?savage and oyak?and?overseas manufacturers.?As of 2008, Turkey produced 1,147,110 units, the sixth in Europe and the fifteenth in the world.

United Kingdom?

There used to be a large number of small and medium-sized manufacturers such as?Rayland , but the?British disease?from the 1960s?increased the voice of the labor union, and there was a deterioration in production efficiency due to chronic strikes and a technical stagnation due to declining motivation.?At the same time, Japanese manufacturers, which also had right-hand drive and low prices but increased reliability, also entered the market, and domestic manufacturers were GM, Volkswagen, etc., except for small companies such as?Caterham?and?Ariel?, which are close to backyard builders. Was acquired or went bankrupt by an overseas company.?Today, well-known brand names such as?Bentley?continue to exist as the luxury car division of other companies.?Lotus?,?Land Rover?,?Jaguar?and?others are under the umbrella of emerging manufacturers from formerly colonial countries such as Tata Motors (India) and Proton (Malaysia).

Aston Martin?, which is independent of other automakers, is?also managed by investment groups such as the Middle East.?In addition?, due to the tightening of regulations such as?CAFE?, it is supplied by other companies to sell regulated vehicles such as?Aston Martin Cygnet (based on?Toyota iQ?).

In the motorcycle industry such as Royal Enfield?, there are many manufacturers whose brands have been sold or closed, just like automobiles.

Today, European, and Japanese manufacturers have factories for the EU.

North America?

Northern United States?

The United States is the first in the world to develop mass production technology, and the market for automobiles is large because the land is large and there are many areas where public transportation is inadequate.?The automobile industry, led by Ford?,?GM?, and?Chrysler?'s "?Big Three ," has always led the American industry as the center of the?manufacturing industry?, despite numerous mergers and selections?.

In the 1980s, there was a?trade friction between Japan and the United States?.?The hollowing out?of industry was also discussed during this period?, but after that, the US automobile industry was strengthening again.

However, in the latter half of the 2000s, "the decline of the big three and the advancement of foreign companies strengthening of environmental regulations" will shake the automobile industry.?While Big Three has reduced production and created?unemployed people in?Detroit?and elsewhere , new?employment?is being created in areas where Toyota Motor Corporation and others have set up factories?.?"There are two automobile industries in the United States, one that grows and the other that shrinks," (?economist　Thomas Crier)? ?Also, as the law stipulates that the average fuel consumption should be 35 mpg?by 2020, the?cost of technological development to improve fuel consumption is heavy on each company.?It is also a case where lobbying?to block the bill by?the automobile industry failed, confirming a decline in the influence of the automobile industry.

Canada?

Canada was the 7th in the world in 2008, but dropped slightly in 2010 to become the 11th production.?At the same time, production in Brazil and Spain exceeded Canada for the first time.?From 1918 to 1923 Canada was the second largest producer in the world.?The Canadian automobile industry dates back to the early days of automobiles.?The first large-scale automobile production in Canada took place in 1904 in Walkerville near Windsor, Ontario.?The Walkerville Wagon Works plant produced 117 easy-to-use "C" Fords with Gordon McGregor and Wallace Campbell.

There used to be several locally owned brands such as Brooks Steam, Redpath, Tudhope, McKay, Galt Gas-Electric, Gray-Dort, Brockville Atlas, CCM, and McLaughlin.?In 1918, McLaughlin was acquired by the American company General Motors and renamed General Motors Canada.?Canada's automobile industry developed during World War I and was second in the world until 1923.?However, at that time, the inefficiency of producing a large number of vehicle models at many factories continued.?After that, until the automobile production and distribution agreement was signed with the United States in 1965, cars made in Canada were expensive.

The agreement or "Auto Pact" signed in 1964 brought one important element to Canada and is now operated by the United States.?A key element of Auto Pact was to add the value Canada needed in a 1: 1 production-to-sales ratio.

Magna Steyr?undertakes the production of brands from other companies such as Mercedes-Benz and BMW.

Campagna Motors manufactures three-?wheeled vehicles?for hobbies such as?Campagna T-REX?.

Mexico?

Since the construction of the factory by an American manufacturer who noticed low wages, European and Japanese manufacturers have also entered the market.

Production in?North America (?NAFTA ) surpassed Canada in the 21st century.

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South America?

Brazil?

Brazil's automobile industry produced 3.5 million units in 2009.?Most of the world's largest automobile companies such as Fiat, Volkswagen, Ford, General Motors, Nissan, Toyota, MAN, Mitsubishi, Mercedes Benz, Renault, Honda, Hyundai, etc. are currently operating in Brazil, as well as?Troller?,?There are also companies in emerging countries such as?Marco Polo (company)?,?Agrale?and?Landon .

Argentina?

It is the second largest producer in South America and the 19th largest producer in the world.

Australia?

In Australia, the production of automobiles began in 1897 by Tarrant Motor & Engineering Co.?

Major automobile companies include?Holden?, which was founded in?1856?as a harness manufacturing company in?Adelaide ,?and Ford Motor of Australia,?which was founded in 1925?.?In the latter half of the 20th century, Toyota, Nissan (production withdrawal in 1991), and Mitsubishi (production withdrawal in 2008) had set up assembly plants in addition to Holden and Ford, which became GM's affiliates, but wages increased, and the market was narrow. Ford decided to withdraw from the production base in 2016, and GM and Toyota decided to withdraw from the production base in 2017, and it is clear when domestic cars made in Australia will disappear.

Since it is a former British territory and the traffic is on the left side like Japan, there are many used cars imported from Japan.

New Zealand?

In New Zealand, from the 1980s to the 1990s, used cars flowed in due to tariff reductions, and in particular, the amount of imports from Japan, which is on the left side, was large, and sales of new cars dropped sharply.?No major automobile production plant has existed since Toyota closed its local plant in late 1998.?The shift to protection of domestic industry led to the closure of domestic assembly plants.

Toyota New Zealand, Ford New Zealand and Holden New Zealand have the highest shares in the country.

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