Authentic Happiness – The PERMA Model
Dr. Martin Seligman (2011) advocated the PERMA Model (Positive Emotion, Engagement, Positive Relationships, Meaning, and Accomplishments) which are the elements of authentic happiness and well-being.
Positive emotion: It encompasses positive feelings, such as hope, joy, gratitude, curiosity, inspiration, satisfaction, passion, peace, pride, pleasure, and love ... etc. These positive feelings make us happy. I felt gratitude and satisfied when my friends told me that my social media posts inspired them.? I felt proud about my kids' accomplishments at school, such as winning running competitions.
Engagement: When individuals are truly engaged in an activity, they are immersed in the moment and lose track of time. It can be a passion, interest, or exercise. For me, it is writing articles, making photo albums and talking to good old friends.
Positive Relationships: Individuals who have healthy and comfortable relationships have a sense of satisfaction and feel supported, loved, trusted, and valued by others. This is more about quality than quantity. Deep relationships give more satisfaction and contribute to one’s overall feeling of happiness. Conflicts, on the other hand, cause internal frustration and upset internal peace and balance.
Meaning: Most people aim to give their life meaning, such as by working and living for a greater purpose. Some seek a profession that allows them social influence, some want to help people, and some immerse themselves in religious/spiritual beliefs. I am pursuing meaning in my life by exerting a positive influence on individuals through my role as a life coach and writer.
Accomplishments: A sense of accomplishment arises when one completes a task or reaches a goal. It doesn't have to be a major success like reaching to the top of the corporate ladder or running a highly profitable business. It can be a milestone achievement such as graduating from university, advancing in a career, winning a sports competition, or finishing a marathon. For me, completing my coaching course and practicing coaching for over 60 hours is worth celebrating.
The PERMA model provides perspectives to assist in assessing authentic happiness. Raising awareness of these elements allows individuals to pinpoint if anything is missing in their lives. For example, individuals with successful careers but without family support or true friends probably have a sense of loneliness. Those who sacrifice their careers or dreams to take care of their families may feel lack of accomplishment. By understanding this framework, individuals can pursue their path to happiness.
I agree that these five elements are crucial to my happiness. However, not everyone needs all five elements due to differences in personalities and values; individuals can define their own happiness.
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真正的幸福 — PERMA幸福五元素
Martin Seligman 博士於2011年提倡 PERMA 幸福五元素模型(正向情緒 Positive Emotions、全心投入 Engagement、正向人際關係 Positive Relationships、人生意義 Meaning 以及成就感 Accomplishments),這是真正幸福和福祉的元素。
正向情緒:它包括正向的情感,如希望、喜悅、感激、好奇、靈感、滿足、熱情、平和、自豪、快樂、愛 … 等。這些正面的情感使我們快樂。如當我的朋友告訴我關於我的貼文激勵了他們時,我感到感激和滿足。 我為孩子在學校的成就感到自豪,例如贏得跑步比賽。
全心投入:當人們真正投入一項活動時,他們會沉浸在當下而忘記了時間。它可以是一種熱情、興趣或運動。對我來說,就是寫文章、製作相簿、和與老朋友交談。
正向的人際關係:擁有健康和舒適的人際關係的人會感到滿足及被他人支持、愛、信任和重視。這是注重質量而不是數量的。深厚的關係可以帶來更多的滿足感,並有助於提升一個人的整體幸福感。另一方面,衝突會導致內部沮喪並破壞內在的和平與平衡。
人生意義:大多數人的目標是賦予自己生命的意義,如透過更偉大的目的而工作和生活。有些人尋求一種能夠影響社會的職業,有些人希望幫助別人,有些人沉浸在宗教/精神信仰中。作為一名人生教練和作者,我透過對個人發揮積極影響來追求人生的意義。
成就感:當一個人完成任務或達到目標時,就會產生一種成就感。它不一定要取得巨大的成功,例如躋身企業階梯的頂端或經營高營利的業務。它可以是里程碑式的成就,例如大學畢業、事業進展,贏得體育比賽或完成馬拉松。對我來說,完成我的教練課程並實踐教練超過60小時也是值得慶祝的事情。
PERMA 幸福五元素模型提供了視角來幫助個人評估真正的幸福感。 提高對這些元素的意識可以讓人們找出他們的生活中是否缺少任何東西。例如,事業成功的人但沒有家人支持或真正朋友,可能會產生孤獨感。那些犧牲事業或夢想來照顧家庭的人可能會缺乏成就感。透過理解這個框架,個人便可以追求自己幸福的道路。
我同意這五個元素對我的幸福感非常重要。然而,由於性格和價值觀的差異,並不是每個人都完全需要這五個元素;每個人的幸福感應該是由自己來定義的。