AURA Aware Lesson 3

Lesson 3 Awareness What do we mean by Intelligence

• "What is Intelligence?" by Crash Course (5 minutes) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_XGwQp_7ZwA
• "The Definition of Intelligence" by PBS Space Time (10 minutes) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rudg5898E6M
• "Intelligence: What is it?" by SciShow (7 minutes) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3P9PAiWwq1k
• "The Meaning of Intelligence" by CGP Grey (5 minutes) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7hT5Q8aSFzQ
• "What is Intelligence?" by Psychology Today https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/intelligence
• "The Definition of Intelligence" by Britannicahttps:// www.britannica.com/topic/intelligence
• "Intelligence" by Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophyhttps:// plato.stanford.edu/entries/intelligence/
• "Theories of Intelligence" by Verywell Mind https://www.verywellmind.com/theories-of-intelligence-2795921
• Now, we consider some of the initial “components of what AI is.” Please note, any of these topics can be skipped. The goal here is to help you understand what you want and need to know. Key AI Concepts and Language Neural Networks: But what is a neural network? | Chapter 1, Deep learning by 3Blue1Brown Neural Networks Explained in 5 minutes by IBM Technology Neural Network In 5 Minutes | What Is A Neural Network? | How Neural Networks Work | Simplilearn by Simplilearn Deep Learning: Deep Learning | What is Deep Learning? | Deep Learning Tutorial For Beginners | 2023 | Simplilearn by Simplilearn But what is a neural network? | Chapter 1, Deep learning by 3Blue1Brown Machine Learning vs Deep Learning by IBM Technology Supervised vs Unsupervised Learning: Supervised vs. Unsupervised Learning by IBM Technology Supervised vs Unsupervised vs Reinforcement Learning | Machine Learning Tutorial | Simplilearn by Simplilearn Supervised vs. Unsupervised Machine Learning: What's the Difference? by Eye on Tech Natural Language Processing (NLP): Natural Language Processing In 5 Minutes | What Is NLP And How Does It Work? | Simplilearn by Simplilearn What is NLP (Natural Language Processing)? by IBM Technology Natural Language Processing In 10 Minutes | NLP Tutorial For Beginners | NLP Training | Simplilearn by Simplilearn Computer Vision: Computer Vision Explained in 5 Minutes | AI Explained by AI Sciences Computer Vision: Crash Course Computer Science #35 by CrashCourse How Computer Vision Works by Google Cloud Tech Reinforcement Learning: Reinforcement Learning: Crash Course AI #9 by CrashCourse An introduction to Reinforcement Learning by Arxiv Insights Reinforcement Learning Basics by Udacity What are the “tools” or algorithms used in building LLMs and AI systems? Decision Trees Decision Trees Explained by StatQuest with Josh Starmer Decision Trees Explained in 5 Minutes by IBM Technology Decision Trees in Machine Learning | Decision Tree Algorithm | How Decision Tree Works by Simplilearn Random forests Random Forests Explained by StatQuest with Josh Starmer Random Forest Algorithm Explained by Simplilearn Support Vector Machines (SVM) Support Vector Machines Explained by StatQuest with Josh Starmer Support Vector Machines (SVM) Explained in 5 Minutes by IBM Technology Support Vector Machine (SVM) Algorithm | SVM Tutorial | SVM in Machine Learning | Simplilearn by Simplilearn K-means clustering StatQuest: K-means clustering by StatQuest with Josh Starmer K-means clustering: how it works by Victor Lavrenko K-Means Clustering Explanation and Visualization by TheDataPost Gradient descent Gradient Descent Explained by StatQuest with Josh Starmer Gradient Descent Explained in 5 Minutes by IBM Technology Frameworks and libraries:

·??????? Machine Learning Engineers use Frameworks and Libraries by the data janitor

·??????? Pytorch vs TensorFlow vs Keras | Which is Better | Deep Learning Frameworks Comparison | Simplilearn by Simplilearn

·??????? PyTorch in 100 Seconds by Fireship

·??????? BEST Python Libraries when getting started in Machine Learning! by Nicholas Renotte

·??????? 10 Top Deep Learning Frameworks 2023 by Learn with Whiteboard

·??????? TensorFlow: TensorFlow in 100 Seconds by Fireship

·??????? PyTorch: PyTorch for Deep Learning & Machine Learning – Full Course by freeCodeCamp.org

·??????? scikit-learn: Learning Scikit-Learn by Google Cloud Tech

·??????? Keras: Keras with TensorFlow Course - Python Deep Learning and Neural Networks for Beginners Tutorial by freeCodeCamp.org

§? Data and AI

§? Big data:

• Big Data In 5 Minutes | What Is Big Data?| Big Data Analytics | Big Data Tutorial | Simplilearn by Simplilearn
• What Is Big Data? by World Economic Forum
• Intro to Big Data: Crash Course Statistics #38 by CrashCourse

§? Data preprocessing:

• Python Tutorial: What is data preprocessing? by DataCamp
• #8 Data Preprocessing In Data Mining - 4 Steps |DM| by Trouble- Free
• ?? Data Cleaning/Data Preprocessing Before Building a Model - A Comprehensive Guide by Learn with Ankit

§? Feature engineering:

• What is feature engineering | Feature Engineering Tutorial Python # 1 by codebasics
• Intro to Feature Engineering with TensorFlow - Machine Learning Recipes #9 by Google for Developers
• Feature Engineering Secret From A Kaggle Grandmaster by Forecastegy

§? Overfitting and underfitting:

• Underfitting & Overfitting - Explained by NStatum
• Overfitting And Underfitting Machine Learning | Machine Learning Tutorial For Beginners |Simplilearn by Simplilearn
• Overfitting and underfitting, explained intuitively by M?sra Turp

§? Ethical considerations:

• Ethical considerations for gene editing by National Institutes of Health (NIH)
• Research Ethics | Ethics in Research by SciToons
• Ethics matters in health by World Health Organization (WHO)

·??????? AI Applications (as of August 2024)

·??????? Chatbots and virtual assistants:

• Chatbots vs Virtual Agents? by Boost AI
• What is an IVA? Intelligent Virtual Assistants Explained | Intelligent Virtual Assistant vs Chatbot by GetVoIP - Simplify your search
• AWS chatbots and virtual assistants powered by generative AI | Amazon Web Services by Amazon Web Services

·??????? Recommendation systems:

• How Recommender Systems Work (Netflix/Amazon) by Art of the Problem
• Recommender System in 6 Minutes by AI Sciences
• Building recommendation systems with TensorFlow by TensorFlow

·??????? Autonomous vehicles:

• Putting an autonomous vehicle to the test in downtown London by Bill Gates
• I Rode In The Driverless Robotaxi Zoox by Supercar Blondie
• US expected to ban Chinese software in autonomous vehicles | REUTERS by Reuters

·??????? Image and speech recognition:

• Speech Recognition in Python by NeuralNine
• How AI is used in image recognition by ZephyroAi
• What is Speech Recognition? by Deepgram

·??????? Programming Languages

• Python (most popular for AI/ML): Python Machine Learning Tutorial (Data Science) by Programming with Mosh
• R: Machine Learning Explained in 100 Seconds by Fireship
• Julia: Julia in 100 Seconds by Fireship

Lesson 3 follow-up questions

·??????? What are the different perspectives on defining intelligence?

·??????? How does the ability to gather information, store it in memory and use it to learn play a role in intelligence?

·??????? Besides humans, what other creatures exhibit intelligent behavior and how?

·??????? What is the role of creativity and planning in intelligence?

·??????? According to the text, what is the advantage humans have in terms of intelligence?

Lesson 3 classroom delivery

What is Intelligence?

Intelligence is a complex and multifaceted concept that has been debated by psychologists, neuroscientists, and philosophers for centuries. Let's explore some key aspects:

1.???? How would you define intelligence in your own words?

2.???? The ability to learn, reason, and solve problems is often considered central to intelligence. Can you think of examples where you've observed these abilities in action?

3.???? Adaptability is another crucial aspect of intelligence. How do you think the capacity to adapt to new situations relates to intelligence?

Multiple Perspectives on Intelligence

Different theories propose various components of intelligence:

·??????? Howard Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences?suggests there are at least eight distinct types of intelligence, including linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic.

·??????? Robert Sternberg's Triarchic Theory?proposes three aspects of intelligence: analytical, creative, and practical.

Question:?How do these theories align with your understanding of intelligence? Do you think some types of intelligence are more valued in society than others?

Intelligence in Nature

Humans aren't the only intelligent beings on Earth. Many animals display remarkable cognitive abilities:

·??????? Dolphins can recognize themselves in mirrors and have complex social structures.

·??????? Chimpanzees can use tools and learn sign language.

·??????? Octopuses can solve puzzles and navigate mazes.

Question:?How do you think animal intelligence compares to human intelligence? What unique aspects of human intelligence set us apart?

Artificial Intelligence and Human Intelligence

As we develop more advanced AI systems, we're constantly comparing them to human intelligence:

1.???? How do you think AI's ability to process vast amounts of data quickly compares to human intuition and creativity?

2.???? What aspects of human intelligence do you think are the most challenging to replicate in AI systems?

3.???? Do you believe AI will ever achieve human-level intelligence across all domains? Why or why not?

The Role of Creativity and Planning

Creativity and planning are often considered hallmarks of higher-level intelligence:

·??????? Creativity allows for novel problem-solving and innovation.

·??????? Planning involves foreseeing future scenarios and preparing accordingly.

Question:?Can you think of situations where you've had to use both creativity and planning to solve a complex problem? How do you think these abilities contribute to overall intelligence?

Human Advantage in Intelligence

Humans have several unique advantages when it comes to intelligence:

·??????? Complex language abilities

·??????? Abstract reasoning

·??????? Emotional intelligence and empathy

·??????? Cultural transmission of knowledge

Question:?Which of these do you think gives humans the biggest advantage? Are there any other uniquely human traits you would add to this list?