Artificial Intelligence - AI & OM SOFTWARE
Artificial Intelligence is the branch of Computer Science with a primary purpose to create intelligent machines. The core problems of artificial intelligence include programming computers for certain traits such as:
· Knowledge
· Reasoning
· Problem solving
· Perception
· Learning
· Planning
· Natural Language Processing (NLP)
· Ability to manipulate and move objects
Machine learning is related to AI. Learning without any kind of supervision requires an ability to identify patterns in streams of inputs, whereas learning with adequate supervision involves classification and numerical regressions. Classification determines the category an object belongs to and regression deals with obtaining a set of numerical input or output examples, thereby discovering functions enabling the generation of suitable outputs from respective inputs. Mathematical analysis of machine learning algorithms and their performance is a well-defined branch of theoretical computer science often referred to as computational learning theory.
Machine perception deals with the capability to use sensory inputs to deduce the different aspects of the world, whereas computer vision is the power to analyze visual inputs with a few sub-problems such as facial, object and gesture recognition.
Robotics is also a major field related to AI. Robots require intelligence to handle tasks such as object manipulation and navigation, along with sub-problems of localization, motion planning and mapping.
AI has been dominant in various fields such as –
- Intelligent Robots ? Robots are able to perform the tasks given by a human. They have sensors to detect physical data from the real world such as light, heat, temperature, movement, sound, bump, and pressure. They have efficient processors, multiple sensors and huge memory, to exhibit intelligence. Additionally, they are capable of learning from their mistakes and they can adapt to the new environment.
- Finance & Economics – AI is used for Fraud prevention. In simulated financial trading robots beat Human. It has reduced fraud & financial crimes by monitoring behavioral patterns of users for any abnormal changes or anomalies.
- Gaming ? AI plays crucial role in strategic games such as chess, Go, poker, tic-tac-toe, etc., where machine can think of large number of possible positions based on heuristic knowledge.
- Automotive – Self driving vehicles is one big example for the field which AI has dominated. This can be achieved through mapping.
- Natural Language Processing ? It is possible to interact with the computer that understands natural language spoken by humans.
- Expert Systems ? There are some applications which integrate machine, software, and special information to impart reasoning and advising. They provide explanation and advice to the users.
- Vision Systems - The vision systems understand, interpret, and comprehend visual input on the computer. For example,
- A spying Airplane takes photographs, which are used to figure out spatial information or map of the areas.
- Doctors use clinical expert system to diagnose the patient.
- Police use computer software that can recognize the face of criminal with the stored portrait made by forensic artist.
- Speech Recognition ? Some intelligent systems are capable of hearing and comprehending the language in terms of sentences and their meanings while a human talks to it. It can handle different accents, slang words, noise in the background, change in human’s noise due to cold, etc.
- Handwriting Recognition – The handwriting recognition software reads the text written on paper by a pen or on screen by a stylus. It can recognize the shapes of the letters and convert it into editable text.
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