Artificial Intelligence 101: What is Not AI, ML, DL, really?

Artificial Intelligence 101, or what are the basics of AI?

Artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), automation and robotics are transforming our world. Understanding the nature of AI/ML/DL is the critical step in building an AI world.

AI must be upgraded as?the transdisciplinary science and engineering of making intelligent machines, as complementing and augmenting human intelligence, individual and collective.

The domineering assumption of AI as emulating, mimicking, simulating, or replicating human body/intelligence/brains/mind/behavior is scientifically unjustified and ethically harmful and existentially risky and should be discarded in the favor of non-human machine intelligence and learning as an alternative and augmenting intelligence (AAI).

What is Today's AI/ML/DL

There are many different definitions and versions of Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Deep Learning, while there is no one definition, WHICH IS GENUINE, TRUE AND REAL.

IBM

• Artificial intelligence leverages computers and machines to mimic the problem-solving and decision-making capabilities of the human mind.

Oracle

• Artificial Intelligence refers to systems or machines that mimic human intelligence to perform tasks and can iteratively improve themselves based on the information they collect.

Accenture

• Artificial intelligence is a constellation of many different technologies working together to enable machines to sense, comprehend, act, and learn with human-like levels of intelligence

SAS

• Artificial intelligence (AI) makes it possible for machines to learn from experience, adjust to new inputs and perform human-like tasks.

Encyclopedia Britannica

• Artificial Intelligence is the ability of a digital computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks commonly associated with intelligent beings.

Stanford University

• Artificial Intelligence is the science and engineering of making intelligent machines, especially intelligent computer programs.

Amazon AWS

• Artificial Intelligence is the field of computer science dedicated to solving cognitive problems commonly associated with human intelligence, such as learning, problem solving, and pattern recognition.

European Parliament

• AI is the ability of a machine to display human-like capabilities such as reasoning, learning, planning and creativity.

Qualcomm

• AI is an umbrella term representing a range of techniques that allow machines to mimic or exceed human intelligence.

MathWorks

"Machine Learning is an AI technique that teaches computers to learn from experience. Machine learning algorithms use computational methods to “learn” information directly from data without relying on a predetermined equation as a model. The algorithms adaptively improve their performance as the number of samples available for learning increases. Deep learning is a specialized form of machine learning".

• "Machine learning is?a form of artificial intelligence (AI) that teaches computers to think in a similar way to how humans do: Learning and improving upon past experiences. It works by exploring data and identifying patterns, and involves minimal human intervention".
• Deep Learning is the use of large multi-layer (artificial) neural networks that compute with continuous (real number) representations, a little like the hierarchically organized neurons in human brains. It is currently the most successful ML approach, usable for all types of ML, with better generalization from small data and better scaling to big data and compute budgets.

Overall, today's human-centric AI is inherently biased, what is evident even for the?US FTC fighting with such a Fake and Biased AI. The FTC has used its expertise with these laws to report on big data analytics and machine learning; to conduct a hearing on algorithms, AI and predictive analytics; and to issue business guidance on AI and algorithms. This work – coupled with FTC enforcement actions – offers important lessons on using AI truthfully, fairly, and equitably.

Some rational definitions are as follows:

What is AI? / Basic Questions

It is the science and engineering of making intelligent machines, especially intelligent computer programs. It is related to the similar task of using computers to understand human intelligence, but AI does not have to confine itself to methods that are biologically observable.

Deloitte

• AI refers to a broad field of science encompassing not only computer science but also psychology, philosophy, linguistics, and other areas.

Wikipedia

• Artificial intelligence is intelligence demonstrated by machines, as opposed to the natural intelligence displayed by animals including humans.
• AI aims to make machines more human-like, ML helps in making machines learn like humans.
• AI refers to machines exhibiting human-like behavior through different techniques. Machine learning is one of those techniques.
• While the technology of Machine Learning Neural Nets is powerful and useful, it is not yet competent with the Neural Nets of the human brain. Therefore, Machine Learning Neural Nets cannot match the complexity and originality of the human brain.
• While ML "deep neural nets" can solve many types of problems, they are not capable of enabling the creative synthesis of diverse concepts and information sources that are characteristic of human thinking. The human brain contains more 200 Billion neurons, with each neuron connecting with as many as 10,000 other neurons through synapses. The standard large neural net in the world, GPT-3 has 175 Billion Neural Nets. By one estimate, a human brain has more switches than all the computers, routers, and internet connections on Earth. So, naturally, it is not possible soon for?Artificial Neural Nets (ANN)s to take over and compete with the human brain.

Human AI 101

The idea of human AI is to replace humans by mimicking, replicating, simulating, cloning or modeling our human 5B-characteristics:

• the human body (a humanoid robot, having a torso, a head, two arms, and two legs, or replicating only part of the body, from the waist up, or heads designed to replicate human facial features such as eyes and mouths; androids and gynoids; the Boston Dynamics Atlas Robot; Tesla humanoid bots, etc.)
• the human brain (ML/DL/deep artificial neural networks or optoelectronic chips or neuromorphic computing hyper-realistic generative AI mimicking the architecture and function of the human brain using of electronic circuits and devices inspired by biological neurons' structure and function)
• the human brains (mind, perception, emotion, memory, imagination, cognition, intelligence, thought, reasoning, learning, decision-making, problem-solving), a human-like AI emulating human intelligence
• the human behavior (actions, as mimicking human motion and interaction)
• the human business (work, tasks, occupation, profession, job, employ)

Today automated narrow/weak AI bots made up almost half of all traffic on the Internet last year, with many of them mimicking human behavior to spread spam, scams, and viruses, as to 2023 Imperva Bad Bot Report. Apparently the proportion of human activity online is now at its lowest level, with AI-powered bots rapidly 'taking over the Internet' with spam and cybercrime...There's almost more bots online than there are humans - Is anything real anymore? [AI-powered bots 'taking over Internet' and mimicking human behavior]

This all means that the so-called generative human-mimicking narrow/weak AI/ML/DL tools like ChatGPT and GPT-4 and Google's Bard, with all sorts of ChatGPT plugins, could act as 'superpowers' for deep fake bad bots, which are used by cybercriminals to rip people off and cause general mayhem online. If humans are biased, the generative AI chatbots are much worse.

Again, the whole presumption of AI as emulating, mimicking, simulating, replicating or faking human body/brain/brains/behavior/business is scientifically unjustified and ethically wrong and should be discarded asap in the favor of real and true AI as an interactive machine intelligence and learning (IMIL).

One can’t count as an AI some software patches with pattern-matching functionalities and if-then-else logic conditionals (conditional statements, conditional expressions and conditional constructs),

Being automatic and autonomous, adaptive and reactive, transformative and translational, transdisciplinary and integrative, mathematical and statistical, computational and algorithmic, digital and numeric, proactive and interactive, AI systems are complementary with humans, our bodies and brain, brains, behavior and business.

AI is not anthropomorphic, humanlike, anthropoid, anthropomorphous, humanoid.

As real and true, AI/ML/DL is?a range of algorithms and models, techniques and technologies, enabling computing machines to effectively and sustainably interact with the world, transforming its data into information, actions, and reactions.

Then AI/ML/DL algorithms find natural or causative patterns in data that generate causal insight to provide critical decisions and realistic predictions in all parts of human life, be it scientific research or engineering design, medical diagnosis, stock trading, energy load forecasting, space exploration and more.

Such a non-human interactive AI can’t be over-attributed human values and attitudes, desires and beliefs, emotions and feelings, cognition and decisions. Anthropomorphized animals as characters are the same as anthropomorphized machines as AI.

Anthropomorphism has ethical consequences

Religion and mythology represented the divine as deities with human forms and qualities. Now, computer science and technology represent advanced computing machines as AI as a moral agent with human forms and qualities, to be as ideal human beings:

Responsible

Human-centered

Accountable

Fair & impartial

Transparent & explainable

Robust & reliable

Safe & secure

Compliant

Ethical

First people model their gods after themselves, now we model intelligent machines after ourselves.

Again, the conception of AI is fundamentally anthropomorphic and wrong; for, as "the greatest god", real AI resembles man "neither in form nor in mind". Simple as that.

In 1927 Ivan Pavlov warned that animals should be considered "without any need to resort to fantastic speculations as to the existence of any possible subjective states".

Common assumptions that machine intelligence and learning models share any of the same mental, social, and emotional capacities of humans are simply harmful misassumptions that are false and wrong.

Anthropomorphism or personalization might be good in fables and faire tales, religions or mythologies, in children’s literature and films and video games, but hardly in science and engineering and technology.

Instead, we have to recognize AI as an alternative intelligence which is complementary with human intelligence, enhancing and augmenting it.

Conclusion: The Threats of Human-Like AI

TODAY'S AI KEY ASSUMPTIONS ARE CONFUSINGLY DANGEROUS AND IMPLY ALL SORTS OF NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES FROM ETHICS TO MASS TECHNOLOGICAL UNEMPLOYMENT AND HUMAN EXTINCTION