Articulated Bulk Tankers

#fleetmanagement

An articulated tanker is a type of tanker truck that consists of a tractor unit (also known as a cab) and a separate tank trailer that is attached to the tractor unit using a pivoting joint called an articulation point. This allows the trailer to follow the path of the tractor more closely when turning or navigating uneven terrain, improving maneuverability and stability.

Articulated tankers are commonly used for transporting liquids, such as fuel, chemicals, or water, over long distances on highways and other roads. They are often larger than other types of tanker trucks, with capacities ranging from 30,000 to 60,000 liters or more.

Safety is a major concern with articulation tankers, as they can be difficult to maneuver and require skilled drivers. In addition to standard safety features like anti-lock brakes and airbags, many articulation tankers are also equipped with specialized features such as rollover protection systems, stability control systems, and advanced braking systems to help reduce the risk of accidents and spills. Regular maintenance and inspections are also crucial for ensuring the safe and reliable operation of these vehicles.

ISO (International Organization for Standardization) has established standards for the dimensions of tanker trucks, which help to ensure their safe and efficient operation on roads and highways. These standards specify the maximum allowable dimensions and weights for tanker trucks, including length, width, and height.

The ISO standard for tanker truck dimensions varies depending on the type of tanker truck, such as a rigid or articulated tanker truck. Here are some of the key dimensions for each type:

Rigid tanker truck:

Maximum length: 12.5 meters

Maximum width: 2.6 meters

Maximum height: 4.0 meters

Maximum weight: 32 metric tons

Articulated tanker truck:

Maximum length: 16.5 meters

Maximum width: 2.6 meters

Maximum height: 4.0 meters

Maximum weight: 44 metric tons

It's important to note that these are maximum allowable dimensions, and not all tanker trucks will be the same size. In addition, local regulations may also impose additional restrictions or requirements on tanker truck dimensions, so it's important to consult with local authorities and comply with all applicable laws and regulations.

Maintenance of tankers is critical to ensure their safe and reliable operation, prevent accidents, and minimize downtime. Here are some important aspects of fuel tanker maintenance:

1. Regular inspections: Tankers should undergo regular inspections, including pre-trip and post-trip inspections, to identify any issues with the vehicle or its components. These inspections should cover items such as tires, brakes, suspension, electrical systems, fuel systems, and hoses.
2. Preventive maintenance: Tankers should follow a comprehensive preventive maintenance schedule, including regular oil changes, filter replacements, and fluid checks. Maintenance intervals can vary depending on the make and model of the tanker, as well as the type of fuel it carries.
3. Cleaning: Tankers should be cleaned on a regular basis to remove any residual fuel, dirt, or other contaminants that could cause problems with the fuel system or the tank itself. The cleaning process should be done using appropriate cleaning agents and tools to avoid damaging the tanker.
4. Repairs: Any issues with the fuel tanker or its components should be addressed promptly to prevent more significant problems from developing. Repairs should be done by qualified technicians who are familiar with the specific make and model of the tanker and the type of fuel it carries.
5. Safety equipment: Tankers should be equipped with safety equipment such as emergency shut-off valves, grounding cables, and fire extinguishers to prevent accidents and mitigate any potential risks.
6. Driver training: Tanker drivers should receive regular training on safe driving practices, emergency procedures, and how to handle fuel spills and other hazards.

Some of the main accessories found on an articulated tanker trailer include:

Manhole covers: Manhole covers provide access to the interior of the tank for cleaning, inspection, and maintenance. They are typically located on the top of the tank and are secured with clamps or bolts.

Bottom loading valves: Bottom loading valves are used to fill the tank with fuel. They are typically located on the underside of the tank and are connected to the fuel delivery system by hoses.

Vapor recovery system: A vapor recovery system is used to capture and recover fuel vapors that are released during fueling operations. The system typically includes hoses, nozzles, and a vapor recovery unit that processes the captured vapors.

Emergency shut-off valves: Emergency shut-off valves are designed to quickly shut off the flow of fuel in the event of an emergency, such as a spill or fire. They are typically located at strategic points throughout the fuel delivery system.

Overfill protection system: An overfill protection system is designed to prevent the tank from being overfilled during fueling operations. The system typically includes sensors, alarms, and automatic shut-off valves that stop the flow of fuel when the tank reaches a certain level.

Pressure relief valves: Pressure relief valves are used to relieve excess pressure in the tank that can build up due to temperature changes or other factors. They help prevent the tank from rupturing or exploding.

Anti-lock braking system (ABS): An ABS is a safety feature that helps prevent the wheels from locking up during braking

A Scully is a type of device used in fuel tankers to prevent overfilling and spills during fueling operations. It is typically installed on the top of the tanker, near the fill pipe. The Scully system works by using sensors to detect the level of fuel in the tank as it is being filled. Once the tank reaches a certain level, the Scully system automatically shuts off the flow of fuel, preventing overfilling and spills.

In addition to preventing spills and overfilling, the Scully system can also help improve the accuracy of fuel delivery, as it allows the fuel to be metered more precisely.

Scully systems are commonly used in the petroleum industry and are required by law in many jurisdictions to prevent environmental damage and ensure the safety of fueling operations.

A PVC vent is a type of vent system commonly used in tanker trucks to help maintain safe pressure levels in the tank during transportation. The PVC vent allows air to flow in and out of the tank as the liquid level changes due to fuel usage or temperature changes.

The PVC vent system typically consists of a PVC pipe that extends from the top of the tank to the outside of the vehicle. The pipe is designed to allow air to flow in and out of the tank, while preventing any liquid from escaping or entering the vent.

The PVC vent system is an important safety feature in tanker trucks, as it helps prevent the buildup of pressure in the tank that can cause the tank to rupture or explode. It is particularly important in tanker trucks that carry volatile liquids, such as gasoline or diesel fuel.

?ADP (Air-Actuated Dry-Break Petroleum) adapter is a type of coupling device used in tanker trucks to connect the hose or loading arm to the tanker's bottom loading valve. The ADP adapter is designed to prevent spills and improve safety during fuel loading and unloading operations.

The ADP adapter uses a dry-break design, which means that the hose or loading arm can be disconnected from the tanker without any fuel or vapor escaping. This is achieved by using an air-actuated mechanism that opens and closes the valve in the adapter, allowing for a quick and secure connection and disconnection.

In addition to improving safety and preventing spills, ADP adapters also help improve the efficiency of fuel loading and unloading operations. They allow for faster and more reliable connections, which can help reduce downtime and improve overall productivity.

Hose Management: Hose management in a tanker trailer is an important aspect of safe and efficient liquid cargo transportation. The hose management system is designed to ensure that hoses are properly secured and stored during transit, and that they are easily accessible for loading and unloading.

The hose management system typically includes a series of hose racks and brackets that are mounted on the trailer, as well as a system for connecting and disconnecting the hoses. The hoses themselves are typically made of a flexible material such as rubber or PVC, and are designed to withstand the corrosive nature of many liquid cargoes.

To properly manage the hoses in a tanker trailer, drivers should follow a few important steps. First, they should inspect the hoses regularly for signs of wear, damage, or corrosion, and replace any hoses that are damaged or worn out. Second, they should ensure that the hoses are properly secured and stored during transit, using the hose racks and brackets provided.

During loading and unloading, drivers should be careful to follow the procedures and protocols for connecting and disconnecting the hoses, as well as for controlling the flow of the liquid cargo. They should also be aware of the hazards associated with handling hoses and liquid cargo, and take appropriate safety precautions to prevent spills or other accidents.

Proper hose management is essential to ensure the safe and efficient transport of liquid cargo in a tanker trailer. By following the recommended procedures and protocols, drivers can help to prevent spills and other hazards, and ensure that the cargo is delivered safely and on time.

There are several types of hoses that are designed to handle petroleum products in a tanker trailer. These hoses are typically made of materials that are resistant to the corrosive and abrasive nature of petroleum products, and are designed to withstand the high pressures and temperatures that are often encountered during the transfer of liquid cargo.

Some common types of tanker hoses used to handle petroleum products include:

1. Rubber hoses: These hoses are made of synthetic rubber and are designed to withstand high pressure and temperatures. They are often reinforced with layers of fabric or wire for added strength and durability.
2. Composite hoses: These hoses are made of multiple layers of different materials, such as polypropylene, polyethylene, and rubber. They are designed to be flexible and lightweight, while still being able to withstand the high pressures and temperatures encountered during the transfer of petroleum products.
3. Stainless steel hoses: These hoses are made of a flexible stainless steel braid, which provides added strength and durability. They are often used in applications where there is a risk of damage to the hose from abrasion or impact.
4. PTFE hoses: These hoses are made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), which is a highly resistant and non-stick material. They are often used to handle aggressive chemicals and high temperatures, and are also suitable for use with petroleum products.

When selecting a hose to handle petroleum products, it is important to consider the specific characteristics of the cargo being transported, as well as the operating conditions and environment. The hose should be selected based on its compatibility with the product being transferred, as well as its resistance to abrasion, impact, and other hazards.

In addition, regular inspection and maintenance of the hoses is important to ensure their continued effectiveness and to prevent leaks or other hazards. Hoses that are damaged or worn out should be replaced promptly to prevent spills or other accidents.

Baffles are internal dividers or partitions inside tanker trailers that are used to prevent liquid cargo from sloshing and shifting during transport. They are usually made of steel or aluminum and are welded to the inside of the tanker.

The purpose of baffles is to prevent the liquid cargo from shifting inside the tanker during acceleration, braking, or turning, which can cause the tanker to become unstable and lead to accidents. Baffles help to distribute the weight of the liquid cargo evenly across the tanker, reducing the risk of rollovers or loss of control.

The number and size of baffles inside a tanker depend on several factors, such as the size of the tanker, the type of liquid being transported, and the regulations in the country where the tanker is operated. In general, the more baffles a tanker has, the better the stability and control of the vehicle.

Baffles should be checked regularly for signs of wear, corrosion, or damage, and any problems should be addressed promptly. In addition, the baffles should be cleaned and maintained to prevent the buildup of debris or residue that could affect their performance.

Manholes in tanker trailers are openings that provide access to the inside of the tanker for cleaning, inspection, and maintenance. They are typically located on the top of the tanker and are sealed with a cover or lid when not in use.

The size and number of manholes in a tanker trailer depend on the size of the tanker, the type of cargo being transported, and the regulations in the country where the tanker is operated. For example, some types of cargo may require multiple manholes to provide access for cleaning and inspection, while others may require larger manholes to accommodate specialized equipment.

Manholes must be designed and constructed to withstand the pressure and weight of the liquid cargo, as well as the stresses of transport. They are typically made of steel or aluminum and are fitted with a sealing gasket or O-ring to prevent leaks.

Proper maintenance and inspection of manholes is essential to ensure their effectiveness and prevent damage or failure. Manholes should be checked regularly for signs of wear, corrosion, or damage, and any problems should be addressed promptly. In addition, the sealing gasket or O-ring should be inspected and replaced if necessary to prevent leaks.

Handrails in tanker trailers are safety features that provide a secure grip for drivers and other personnel when accessing the top of the trailer. They are typically made of steel or aluminum and are designed to withstand the weight and stress of a person's body.

Handrails are usually installed on both sides of the tanker trailer and run along the length of the top of the trailer. They provide a stable surface for drivers to hold onto when climbing up and down from the top of the trailer, and also help to prevent slips and falls by providing a handhold during wet or slippery conditions.

In addition to providing a safety feature for drivers and other personnel, handrails are also required by regulations in many countries for certain types of cargo or operations.

Handrails should be checked regularly for signs of wear, corrosion, or damage, and any problems should be addressed promptly. In addition, handrails should be kept clean and free of debris to ensure a secure grip for drivers and other personnel.

Flow Meters & Pumps: Lube tankers are specialized tanker trucks used to transport lubricating oils and other fluids to various locations. They are designed to ensure the safe and efficient transfer of these fluids, and are equipped with a variety of systems and components, including flow meters and pump systems.

A flow meter is a device that measures the flow rate of a liquid, allowing the operator to accurately control the amount of fluid being transferred. In a lube tanker, the flow meter is typically located between the tank and the pump system, and is used to monitor the flow rate of the fluid as it is being pumped out of the tank.

The pump system in a lube tanker is designed to transfer the fluid from the tank to the destination location, such as a storage tank or a vehicle. The pump system typically consists of a pump, hoses, and fittings, and is powered by an engine or motor.

To operate the flow meter and pump system in a lube tanker, the operator first connects the hoses and fittings to the destination location. They then start the pump system and monitor the flow meter to ensure that the fluid is being transferred at the desired rate.

During the transfer process, the operator must also be careful to monitor the pressure and temperature of the fluid, as well as any other factors that may impact the quality or safety of the transfer. They must also follow all applicable safety protocols and regulations, and take steps to prevent spills or other accidents.

Proper maintenance and calibration of the flow meter and pump system is essential to ensure their accuracy and effectiveness. Regular inspection and testing of these systems can help to identify and address any issues before they become a problem, and can help to ensure the safe and efficient operation of the lube tanker.

In summary, the flow meter and pump system in a lube tanker are critical components that allow for the safe and efficient transfer of lubricating oils and other fluids. Operators must be trained to properly operate these systems, and must follow all applicable safety protocols and regulations to prevent spills or other accidents. Regular maintenance and calibration is essential to ensure their continued effectiveness and accuracy.

The braking system in a tanker trailer consists of several components that work together to slow down and stop the vehicle. Some of the main brake components of a tanker trailer include:

1. Brake drum: The brake drum is a circular component that is attached to the wheel hub. When the brakes are applied, the brake shoes press against the inside of the brake drum, creating friction and slowing down or stopping the vehicle.
2. Brake shoes: Brake shoes are curved metal components that press against the inside of the brake drum when the brakes are applied. The brake shoes are typically lined with a high-friction material, such as brake lining, to increase braking performance and reduce wear on the brake drum.
3. S-cams: S-cams are metal components that are shaped like the letter S. They are attached to the brake shoes and are responsible for pushing the brake shoes against the brake drum when the brakes are applied.
4. Slack adjusters: Slack adjusters are used to adjust the distance between the brake shoes and the brake drum to ensure proper brake performance. They are typically adjusted manually, but some newer trailers may have automatic slack adjusters.
5. Brake chambers: Brake chambers are pneumatic devices that are responsible for applying the brakes when air pressure is applied. They convert the air pressure into a mechanical force that pushes the S-cam and applies the brake shoes against the brake drum.
6. Brake lines and hoses: Brake lines and hoses are used to carry air pressure from the brake chamber to the brake components.
7. ABS / EBS system: Some newer trailers may be equipped with an anti-lock braking system (ABS) or an electronic braking system (EBS) to improve braking performance and reduce the risk of skidding or jackknifing.

EBS (Electronic Braking System) is a computer-controlled braking system that is commonly used in tanker trucks to improve braking performance and safety. The EBS system works by using sensors to detect changes in the truck's speed and applying the brakes accordingly.

In a tanker truck, the EBS system is particularly important due to the weight and momentum of the truck and the cargo it is carrying. The system allows for faster and more precise braking, reducing the risk of accidents and improving overall safety.

The EBS system is also designed to work in conjunction with other safety features, such as ABS (Anti-lock Braking System) and ESP (Electronic Stability Program). ABS prevents the wheels from locking up during braking, while ESP helps to keep the truck stable and prevent rollovers.

In addition to improving safety, the EBS system can also help reduce maintenance costs and improve fuel efficiency. The system allows for more precise control over the brakes, reducing wear and tear on the brake components and improving the truck's overall performance.

ABS (Anti-lock Braking System) is a safety feature commonly used in trailer trucks to improve braking performance and prevent wheel lockup during sudden stops or emergency braking situations. The ABS system works by using sensors to monitor the speed of each wheel and adjust the braking force accordingly to prevent the wheels from locking up.

When the driver applies the brakes, the ABS system releases and reapplies the brakes rapidly, allowing the wheels to maintain traction with the road surface and preventing the trailer from skidding or jackknifing. This improves stability and control, reducing the risk of accidents and improving overall safety.

ABS systems are required on all new trailer trucks in many countries and are considered an essential safety feature. They are also an important component of the overall braking system, which includes brake shoes, drums, and other components.

The S-cam braking system, also known as a drum brake system, is a common type of braking system used in tanker articulated trailers. The system uses a set of S-cam brake shoes to press against the brake drum, which is attached to the wheel, to slow down or stop the vehicle.

In a tanker articulated trailer, the S-cam braking system is particularly important due to the weight and momentum of the trailer and the cargo it is carrying. The braking system provides reliable and effective braking performance, reducing the risk of accidents and improving overall safety.

The S-cam braking system typically consists of several components, including the brake drum, brake shoes, S-cams, brake lining, and adjusters. The S-cams are responsible for pushing the brake shoes against the brake drum when the brakes are applied, creating friction and slowing down or stopping the vehicle.

Regular maintenance and inspection of the S-cam braking system is important to ensure its proper function. The brake shoes and lining should be inspected regularly for wear, and any damaged components should be replaced promptly. In addition, the S-cams and adjusters should be lubricated regularly to ensure smooth operation.

Proper adjustment of the S-cam braking system is also critical to ensure maximum braking performance. The brakes should be adjusted periodically to ensure that they are properly aligned and provide even pressure against the brake drum. Improperly adjusted brakes can lead to uneven wear, reduced braking performance, and other safety issues.

Equalizer is an important component of the suspension system in a trailer. The equalizer helps to distribute the weight of the load evenly across the axles of the trailer, improving stability and control.

In a?trailer, the equalizer typically consists of a steel beam that is located between the suspension springs and the hanger brackets that attach the springs to the frame of the trailer. The equalizer is designed to flex and move in response to changes in the load and road conditions, allowing the trailer to maintain proper weight distribution and stability.

The equalizer also helps to reduce the stress on the suspension components, such as the springs and hangers, by absorbing and distributing the forces generated by the movement of the trailer.

Regular maintenance and inspection of the equalizer is important to ensure its proper function. The equalizer should be inspected periodically for signs of damage or wear, and any problems should be addressed promptly. In addition, the equalizer should be lubricated regularly to ensure smooth operation and reduce wear on the suspension components.

Proper weight distribution is critical for safe and efficient operation of a?trailer, and the equalizer plays a key role in achieving this. By evenly distributing the weight across the axles and absorbing the forces generated by the movement of the trailer, the equalizer helps to improve stability and control, reduce stress on the suspension components, and ensure maximum safety and performance.

Air Brake system is a common braking system used in tanker trailers. It uses compressed air to apply the brakes and is made up of several components that work together to control and regulate the braking force. Here are the main components of an air brake system in a tanker trailer:

Air compressor: The air compressor is responsible for compressing the air that is used to power the brake system. It is typically driven by the engine of the tractor unit and is located near the front of the trailer.

Air reservoirs: The air compressor sends the compressed air to the air reservoirs, which store the air until it is needed to apply the brakes.

Brake pedal: The brake pedal is located in the cab of the tractor unit and is used to control the application of the brakes. When the pedal is pressed, it sends a signal to the brake valve to release the compressed air from the air reservoirs and apply the brakes.

Brake valve: The brake valve is responsible for controlling the release of compressed air from the air reservoirs to apply the brakes. It is typically located near the brake pedal in the cab of the tractor unit.

Brake chambers: The brake chambers convert the compressed air into mechanical force that is used to apply the brakes. They are typically located near the wheel hubs and are attached to the S-cams and brake shoes.

Relay valves: Relay valves are used to control the flow of compressed air to the brake chambers, helping to regulate the braking force and ensure even braking across all wheels.

Brake lines and hoses: The brake lines and hoses carry the compressed air from the reservoirs to the brake chambers, relay valves, and other components of the system.

The air brake system is designed to provide reliable and consistent braking performance, even in adverse conditions. Regular maintenance and inspection of the air brake system is important to ensure proper function and maximum safety. The system should be checked regularly for leaks, worn components, and other issues, and any problems should be addressed promptly. In addition, the system should be properly adjusted and lubricated to ensure maximum braking performance.