Architecture of Human Intelligence for Simple Mind

Purpose of this Post

• To better understand the relationship between Human Intelligence and Artificial Intelligence (also to know what distinguishes humans from animals and machines making us the masters of this world, at least so far)
• To better understand and prepare for the onslaught, opportunities and threats of myriad technology revolutions we will see in next two decades or more where every company and/or industry on this earth wants to differentiate and make more money by building solutions and products leveraging machines to mimic humans (while improving our lives, hopefully)

By no means I would like to simplify what Human Intelligence is with this article. It is my humble attempt to better understand terms like below and share it with you to trigger even more thought provoking, wider, and deeper useful conversation.

• Artificial Intelligence
• Machine Learning
• Cognitive Computing
• Data Science

Few related terms and definitions from Google:

Intelligence - the ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills.

synonyms:

intellectual capacity, mental capacity, intellect, mind, brain(s), IQ, brainpower, judgment, reasoning, understanding, comprehension; acumen, wit, sense, insight, perception, penetration, discernment, smartness, canniness, astuteness, intuition, acuity, cleverness, brilliance, ability;

Learning - the acquisition of knowledge or skills through experience, study, or by being taught.

synonyms:

scholarship, knowledge, education, erudition, intellect, enlightenment, illumination, edification, book learning, information, understanding, wisdom

Knowledge - Facts, information, and skills acquired by a person through experience or education; the theoretical or practical understanding of a subject.

synonyms

understanding, comprehension, grasp, command, mastery; expertise, skill, proficiency, expertness, accomplishment, adeptness, capacity, capability;

Skill - the ability to do something well; expertise.

synonyms:

expertise, skillfulness, expertness, adeptness, adroitness, deftness, dexterity, ability, prowess, mastery, competence, capability, aptitude, artistry, virtuosity, talent

"his skill as a politician"

Cognition - the mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses.

synonyms:

perception, discernment, apprehension, learning, understanding, comprehension, insight;

reasoning, thinking, thought

What are different types of Inputs and Outputs influencing and driving our Actions:

1. Goals (e.g. purpose, objectives, end result)
2. Knowledge (e.g. information including facts, insights, patterns, predictions; skills)
3. Duties and Responsibilities
4. Biological State (e.g. healthy or sick, hungry, thirsty)
5. Biological Functions (e.g. living, self healing and protection, growing)
6. Emotional State (e.g. state of mind - instinctive, active, alert, sleepy, lazy, happy, sad, moody, fearful, curious)
7. Experiences (e.g. preferences, biases, upbringing, memories)
8. Reasons (e.g. desires, needs, wants, wishes, incentives, benefits, penalties)
9. Environment and External Events (e.g. occurrence of something triggering any of the above input types including surprises, shocks, opportunities, threats; demands, commands, complaints, requests from others, compulsions, constraints, climate, world events including competition and peer pressure)
10. Self Drive and Initiative (e.g. ambition, dreams, imagination, creativity, thirst for knowledge acquisition and application, impulses, ability to acquire and apply cognitive skills)
11. Moral Compass (e.g. self awareness, hope, morals, values, empathy, compassion, tolerance, patience) 
12. Common Sense

Indisputable Inputs and Outputs that Differentiate Humans from Animals and Machines

• Self Drive and Initiative
• Moral Compass
• Common Sense

I think we do not need to be worried or concerned with Machines ever mimicking humans on the above three areas. We should only focus and come up with Machine based solutions recognizing above distinctions between Humans and Machines. 

My understanding of the terms quoted at the top of the article:

• Artificial Intelligence (AI) is an interdisciplinary transformative business technology aimed to improve how humans live and help other humans by leveraging several technological advances and applying the concepts of human intelligence to use computers and software
• Machine Learning (ML) is a subset of AI and a technique which is used for processing huge amounts of data (both structured and unstructured - such as text, images, video, audio) and identify patterns to create useful insights and predictions to solve real-world problems. Deep Learning is a type of Machine Learning.
• Cognitive Computing (CC) is a type of computing in which we do not need to specifically write a program to use a computer to process data but apply AI and ML to leverage huge amounts of data while exploiting the advances in cloud and data processing algorithms. CC also aimed to interact with humans similar to how we interact with each other.
• Data Science is an interdisciplinary field aimed to exploit the use of abundance of data we are generating to generate better outcomes for business and humanity. It applies proven practices in the other fields such as Psychology, Statistics, BigData, AI, ML, CC, and Cloud. It includes topics such as Data Analytics including predictive analytics, prescriptive analytics, and preventive analytics.